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Global citizenship: pros and cons.
Importance of developing global citizenship
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The increase of the notion of global citizens is on the rise as many countries are competing for the superior in the political and economic field. In the world where emergence of idea and activity has been using as a soft power or what we called “public diplomacy” . Public diplomacy becomes the tool that settle the conflict space of value, power, and the global order in purpose of catering the pleasant political outcome around the globe which considers as a way to manifest the power beyond the national borders and to communicate not only to the foreign government but also with the people. Frequently, the language has made a great difficulty in catering of a diplomatic relations and English language is a way to solve this problems. The spread of English language requires all the world’s leader including South East Asia to use English to communicate with a global citizens in order to facilitate their international public diplomacy across the globe as well as promote their nation at the same time.
Firstly and foremost, public diplomacy is the better way in development of the international relations which is the way that the government and citizens and groups influence directly or indirectly using attitudes and opinions which is directly bear on another government’s foreign policy decisions including communication, information and propaganda. And the main purpose of the public policy is to have an influence over the decision of foreign government by shaping their citizens attitude. It is the diversity of ideas that create an attitudes and opinion toward other nations. On the other hand, for the nation to maintain a good public diplomacy, there is a need to build a positive image for its nation in order to be more advantageous in ...
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...more, in the application of public diplomacy. There is a need to have the common language to cater a well communication between the foreign publics, citizens, government and international organization which also implies that the leader of the South East Asian countries are required to speak English since English is the universal language which has the most speakers in the globe.
The negotiation of diplomacy should be disclosed internationally through the press and the use of english as a mean of communication. To enable the public to be informed and strengthen a national security. Coupled with the determination of diplomacy must rely on the hands of the citizens of it own nation to be the guard and forward of the nation's interests and it should inform the other nation's citizens as they are having a great influence over the foreign government's decision as well.
The concept of “cheap talk” focuses on the analysis of how much information can dependably be forwarded when the communication is direct and costless. Biased experts tend to share noisy information with the decision makers. One way in which the decision makers can enhance the exchange of information is to extend communication. Additionally, he or she must try to seek advice from additional experts. Ultimately, writing contracts with the expert can further increase the credibility of the informational transmission. Theoretically, cheap talk is costless and therefore is not expected to have a major impact on the outcomes of interstate communication. As opposed to the cheap talk model, standard “costly signalling” is predicted to provoke a more fluid transmission of information between two actors in the international system. It is precisely the cost of signalling what gives validity to the information provided. As suggested by Farrell and Rabin, authors of previous literature on cheap talk are divided in opinion. Some scholars argue that cheap talk is rather useless, while others believe that it it is helpful in interstate communication and can actually improve the advantages of both sides. While examining the literature on cheap talk, it is important to highlight additional tools of international communication, such as diplomacy and mediation. The analysis of these issues provides a close insight into the credibility of arguments regarding cheap talk. Several historical cases serve as examples of costly signalling and its outcomes, one of the most recent ones being NATO's show of strength prior to the...
Foreign policies have in common the concepts of observance of good faith, ensuring that all nations are met with justice as well as the cultivation of peace and harmony with all. They also fight against incorrigible antagonisms against spe...
The meaning of national interest can vary from one state to another. Nevertheless, national interest is inevitably at the core of domestic and international policies. Domestic politics is important to international relations on account that it is the primary responsibility of domestic politics to ensure that promotion of national interest is observed at all times. A country is prepared to withdraw from an agreement with another country if it puts domestic politics at risk, or to declare war against any country that threatens its security and economic status. On the other hand, this paper does not expound on how domestic politics interact with the international federations and the implications when one country takes an aggressive action against another.
While democratic communication influenced by many different factors, especially in capitalist society, the elites represents as dominant groups that have more opportunities to express their voice. Among to the rest, Public Relations play an important role in the communication between public and different organizations. The core of this essay is based on the debate of whether Public Relations enhance democratic communication. This paper will mainly divide into three sections. Firstly, the discussion on the main question will focus on if the public relations have beneficially effects on democratic communication; secondly, the discussion will be the neutrality opinion about the relationship between public relations and democracy communication; thirdly, the reasons why the theorists considering the public relations reinforce the democratic communication will be listed.
International Public Relation presents issues related to culture, social and economic factors. There are different models as studied by different PR scholars, the two main International PR models are the personal influence and the cultural interpreter model. When it comes to PR practitioners that are expected to develop contacts with important people then the personal influence model is applied and when PR practitioners are expected to understand local cultural practices for multinational companies than the cultural interpreter model is applied (Grunig, et al. 1995). There are certain conditions that influence International PR that are social and political. Taylor and Kent (2008) challenge the statement that citizen publics are the most important when it comes to PR, stating that in many developing countries, government is the most important public (Taylor and Kent 2008).
Diplomacy has a variety of definitions which depending on the user perspectives on the term “diplomacy”. In the context of international relations, diplomacy is the negotiator’s ability in conducting negotiations between the representatives of nation states in a peaceful manner. The essential of negotiation is to resolve a conflict without offending others. According to Iragorri (2003), an effective negotiation is being able to achieve mutual agreement by peaceful means. The process of a negotiation in diplomacy goes through five important stages that is preparation, discussion, proposing, bargaining and settling process (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Following the introductory part the book continues with the topic of 'negotiation'; "Negotiation consists of discussion between officially designated representatives" (25) of states to achieve an agreement over an issue, it is a lengthy and time consuming process that undergoes three important stages. Pre-negotiation is the first phase in which the parties agree on the need for negotiating.
Considering the spread of the English language the world over, people in ever-increasing numbers are using more varieties of English. As for the relationship between intercultural communication and language education, there is room for improvement in quality. Kubota and Austin (2003) argued that ELT has failed to provide sufficient diversity to the learners. Sercu’s (2005a) stated that international communication is rarely practiced in
take in respect the objective and the means by which it can be attained. For
It is accepted that the use of English language has increased steadily in the last 50 years all over the world. English language is important for travelling involves package holidays, sporting occasions, business meetings, international conventions, military occupations, academic conferences and transportation and lodgings (Crystal 2003). Some people believe that the USA economic power influenced spread of English by majority of institutions and other areas, such as UN, Hollywood and TV programmes. On the other hand, other people claim that language of English already have been used by majority of countries which is colony (Crystal 2003). This essay will firstly describe how economic power of the USA influence on spread of English to the world. Secondly, essay will point out opposing arguments that the colony of Britain. This essay will argue and indicate that truth of situation that the US English is the dominate world language nowadays.
International negotiations may comprise a number of different channels during a peace process. Negotiations between states may take place in public front channels or they may be veiled to maintain secrecy of the bargaining process. This essay will look at the later and examine whether the beneficial effects of secret diplomacy can also yield negative consequences. This essay will be divided into three sections. The first section will define secret diplomacy, referred to as back channel diplomacy (BCD), and outline some of its characteristics. The discussion will outline why parties use BCD and convey the benefits and disadvantages. The second section will outline the function of BCD in two negotiation case studies. The first will look at Israel and Palestinian negotiations leading up to the Oslo Accords in 1993. The second case study will examine British negotiations with the IRA and Sinn Fein in Northern Ireland leading up to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. The third and final section will evaluate the use of BCD in both cases and convey some lessons for policymakers. This essay argues that whilst BCD can be helpful in facilitating a peace process, it can be damaging if it is not managed with front channel diplomacy (FCD).
It has been adopted by different sectors making it one of the most used languages in the globe. This has been attributed to its effective nature, easy learning and rich history. However, conservative groups exist who argues that there should be global language since it may cause the emergence of superior cultures. Nevertheless, it is evident that different cultures ranging from the early polish immigrants, the African American community, the advertising and media will greatly benefit from the globalization of the English language. This will prove in the end that English is indeed a global
Public relations is everywhere today. It is a practice that has become an important aspect of any business venture. Whether an organization is not for profit, for profit, or governmental, they still need and desire to communicate their purpose within the community and public relations allows this to happen. There are several publics in which the PR practitioner must correspond with and each requires a different means of communication. Internal publics are inside the organizations such as clerks, managers, and stockholders. "External publics are those not directly connected to the organization: the press, government, educators, customers, suppliers, and the community" (Seitel, 2004). Each public plays a key role in the PR of the organization. The many functions of PR can also be categorized based on what purpose they serve the organization.
Even though there are advantages as well as disadvantages, the need for international language for communication, politics, economics and security is necessary and English is the best “language candidate” for that function. English is a language spread all over the world and it is used by millions and millions of speakers. According to my opinion, people should use English as a tool to communicate with all cultures but every country must keep their culture and language is a great part of it. In conclusion, language defines identity of a country and everyone should keep their language and explore others.
International relations is the study of a major discipline in the globe, which illustrates politics on international scale. International relations(IR) periodically study the history, culture, government, economy, culture, and social aspects of nations around the globe. Study of international relations(IR) is becoming so vital for every nation to understand other countries national interest in terms of security and economy within the host nation. As we are in the twenty first century, there having been on going conflicts around the world with many great and super power countries are involved. Scholars in the field of international relations face challenges while they analyze or conduct researches about other nations’ politics because every