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Resistance in African literature
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Protest Against Injustice in the Poems Not my Business and Half Caste In the poem ‘Not My Business’ the poet is not so much commenting on injustice, he is waiting for it to happen to him. The poem starts off with violent verbs such as “beat”, “stuffed”. This shows us already that the message of the poem has something to do with violence and injustice. The title ‘Not My Business’ is ironic as in the end all that has gone on that “isn’t his business” eventually happens to him and so becomes his business. This is known as a circular poem. It also has a sarcastic tone about how it is ‘not my business’ when really it is. In ‘Half Caste’ the poet is mocking the use of the word half caste as a derisive term. The first stanza is sarcastic and the message of the poem is how the short sightedness of which people view people of a mixed race is wrong and how they need to view ‘wid de whole of ya eye’ and not just half. It is trying to put across the message that because someone is half caste, do not think of them as half the person you are. The poet is suggesting that people who look at mixed race people as if they are second in society are the ones who are really ‘half caste’. The use of Standard English in ‘Not My Business’ shows that the poet wants the world to hear about the injustice in his homeland, Nigeria. However, he does use words such as ‘yam’ which indicates his culture. He uses imagery and violent verbs to convey the overall message like ‘stuffed him down the belly of a waiting Jeep’. This personifies the Jeep and the effect created makes it seem more violent. When the poet puts in names like ‘Danladi’ it once again reflects his culture and makes the poem seem realistic which is good to get his message across. The poet uses Non Standard English to reinforce his re-identity.
First, I will examine Omi and Winant’s approach. They made a clear distinction between ethnicity and race and only discussed how races are formed. They also define race as a constantly being transformed by political struggle and it is a concept which signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by
The meaning, significance, and definition of race have been debated for centuries. Historical race concepts have varied across time and cultures, creating scientific, social, and political controversy. Of course, today’s definition varies from the scientific racism of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that justified slavery and later, Jim Crow laws in the early twentieth. It is also different from the genetic inferiority argument that was present at the wake of the civil rights movement. However, despite the constantly shifting concepts, there seems to be one constant that has provided a foundation for ideas towards race: race is a matter of visually observable attributes such as skin color, facial features, and other self-evident visual cues.
There is a specific meaning to race and how its role impacts society and shapes the social structures. Race is a concept that “symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies” (Omi & Winant 55). In other words, Omi and Winant get down to the crux of the issue and assert that race is just an illusion. Race is merely seen as an ideological construct that is often unstable and consisting of decentered social meanings. This form of social construction attempts to explain the physical attributes of an individual but it is constantly transformed by political struggles. The rules of classifying race and of identity are embedded into society’s perception. Therefore, race becomes a common function for comprehending, explaining, and acting in the
The authors Michael Omi and Howard Winant go into detail about race, ethnicity, and the problems that associates with them. An example they used to define race and the problems that go along with it was the case of a woman named Susie Guillory, who was mixed race and wanted to change her racial identity from black to white. The result of the case was the court still defining her race as black. This case was an example of how defining race is still an issue, as stated by the authors. According to the Omi & Winant (2008), “Europeans wondered if the natives of the New World were indeed human beings with redeemable souls” (Omi & Winant, 2008, pg. 20). A biological definition of race has yet to be discovered. The belied is that race is an outside factor that determines how society view you as a human being. Society decides if you should be enslaved and limited to your rights or if you are worthy of being a free citizen.
Muhammad Ali, a famous boxer, once said, “Hating People because of their color is wrong. And it doesn’t matter which color does the hating. I’s just plain wrong” (Goodreads, 2015). For many centuries, ethnic conflict between the humans have existed immortally due the never changing differences of culture and values, spinning the cycle of war. Fortunately, some have ended however some still remain immortal in the eyes of those who have experience struggle to this date. The lack of awareness of problems in a cultural crisis concerning those who fall victim to a system and society that discriminates and alienates. With assistance of Critical Race Theory, this essay will examine how the role of race with has affected has caused consequences within the lives of marginalized groups within society through the lives and their relationship with those in their communities.
Pain and suffering is an inevitable part of the human condition; feelings of empathy and sympathy the benchmark of human decency. However, with the mass production of shocking images, we may become desensitized and lose our sense of humanity. This idea is explained in David Axelrod’s lyric poem “Once in a While a Protest Poem”, using specific word choice as well as repetition to express the changes in the constitution of humanity.
The concept of race and what it means to people today varies from place to place. Despite the increase in global contacts, scientists are skeptical about the concept of race as a social construction. There is an ongoing debate about what “race” actually means and how is it used in terms of categorizing people. As the biological variations increase, differences among people of the same groups are visible. Over time people began to show more and more similarities in different ways. Race is only used in terms of the appearance of people and what they have in common biologically.
All over the world, race is used by others to assign meaning to the way you look; people will use physical characteristics like: nose shape, eye shape, hair texture and most infamously, skin color to categorize race. Race isn’t a tangible concept, Social Construction Theory determines it’s more of a social idea created by institutions in society, meaning that it is created by society and is constantly changed. The notion of race is perpetuated and conserved, and therefore, must be changed by adjusting society’s preconceptions about race, institution’s structure and laws that are negatively based on race, and how education and awareness about race can create positive change.
Race and Ethnicity is a widely discussed issue in our society and in the world we live in today. Often times there are two alternatives on race and ethnicity, whether they are fixed or fluid. This discussion over time has lead to the different paradigms attempting to explain race and ethnicity and how sociologist feel they apply to people (Cornell and Hartmann, pg. 44). A more popular fluid approach at race and ethnicity is the assimilationist perspective. This perspective was first introduced to debunk the biological/social darwinism perspective, instead of defining racial and ethnic differences due to biological terms researchers now introduced these relations according to cultural differences. The assimilationist perspective allows us to
To begin with, “race is a social, political, and economic construct. It is not biological. There is no existence of race in the Western world outside of the practices of colonialism, conquest, and the transatlantic slave trade” (Lecture 1). While the origins of race are centered around distinctions of humans based on presumed physical, ancestral or cultural differences, race is merely a floating signifier and therefore only has meaning, but that we give it (Lecture 1 and 2). This floating signifier has taken on different meanings in the U.S. and Latin America. For example, in the U.S., the one-drop rule is enough to deem someone black. On the other hand, Latin America considers pigmentocracy and uses Mulatto categories based on appearance and color
To understand the authors’ reasoning, the reader must first comprehend the facts. In society, there is a common stigma involved in being from a multiracial background. There are “over six million people identified with more than one racial group (Jones
...The most profound conclusion on the concept of race is the argument that the term is not a biologically innate fixture. Despite the discredited nature of the concept of ‘race’, the idea stills “exerts a powerful influence in everyday language and ideology”. (Jary & Jary, 2000: pp503-4) This disputes the assumption that racial divisions reflect fundamental genetic differences.
Reflecting directly on the cultural attitudes and sociocultural messages explained throughout this course, it is clear that race, gender, and sexuality are all socially constructed in one way or another. Contrary to popular belief, race is actually almost completely socially constructed, it is not biological. Further, a human’s DNA does not differentiate at all to create any specific race. However, society has categorized certain things, such as skin color, to determine the race of individuals. In simpler terms, there are not specific genes that parents pass on to their offspring that determine their race; society categorizes people into specific races when they are born based on their
In today’s society, it is acknowledgeable to assert that the concepts of race and ethnicity have changed enormously across different countries, cultures, eras, and customs. Even more, they have become less connected and tied with ancestral and familial ties but rather more concerned with superficial physical characteristics. Moreover, a great deal can be discussed the relationship between ethnicity and race. Both race and ethnicity are useful and counterproductive in their ways. To begin, the concept of race is, and its ideas are vital to society because it allows those contemporary nationalist movements which include, racist actions; to become more familiar to members of society. Secondly, it has helped to shape and redefine the meaning of
Many people don’t want to believe that we are living in a social injustice environment in this country. They choose to ignore the fact that rich are getting richer while the poor are just getting poorer. The rich public schools are giving their students the necessary opportunities to live a decent life while the poor students are left out and have to struggle for those opportunities. The social injustice is visible to every citizen in this country and it continuing to grown; however, there is a few solutions to minimize and possibly to solve the social injustice problem we have in American. One of them is give equal education in all public schools so everyone can have an equal opportunities in getting the jobs and careers they choose. Second