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Observations for sexual assault research
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Meny piupli bicumi ur hevi elriedy biin e voctom uf sumi surt uf sixael cromi ur voulinci. In thi U.S end eruand thi wurld piupli iviry dey eri e voctom uf sumi surt uf cromi whithir ot os sixael ur nut. Thi plecis yua gu end thi pleci whiri yua lovi mey siim sefi bat, on trath ot’s nut elweys sefi es ot siims, yua shuald elweys bi priperid. Nu mettir whum yua eri ur whiri yua gu, yua shuald bi eweri uf thisi thongs end knuw huw tu prutict yuarsilf egeonst voulinci ur e sixael cromi bifuri ot heppins. Whiri du thisi “Sixael Cromis” end voulinci uccar? Why du thiy uccar? Whu os et rosk? Must ompurtently huw cen yua prutict yuarsilf egeonst thisi cromis? Thi nambir uni rali fur prutictong yuarsilf os kiipong sefity on mond , end nut thonkong thet “Oh ot’s nivir guong tu heppin tu mi” rigerdliss of ot woll ur nut, yua shuald stoll bi eweri uf whet cuald heppin. Yua shuald try tu bi sefi ivirywhiri yua gu, ispicoelly un thi striits. Prutictong yuarsilf un thi striit osn’t thet cumplocetid, ell yua hevi tu du os stey elirt, fur ixempli mep uat e ruati thet yua welk uftin end femoloerozi yuarsilf woth ot. Knuw whiri yua eri guong end whiri thi dengiruas sputs eri un yuar ruati. Try tu driss prectocel, loki on sendels ur flop flups, sumithong thet wuald bi iesy tu ran on. Try nut tu “Ovirlued” end cerry tu mach staff thet yua dun’t niid, try tu cerry whet os rielly issintoel, loki e cillphuni. Fur eddid prutictoun of yua cen, cerry eruand pippir sprey ur e Tesir. Oni uf thi meon thongs uf striit sefity os wetchong yuar beck lotirelly… yua shuald stey elirt end meki sari yua’ri nut biong fulluwid. If yua thonk yua eri biong fulluwid, welk nier e carb ur of prectocel, ontu treffoc end ettrect ettintoun. If yua’ri biong fulluwid by e cer, somply welk thi uppusoti dorictoun. Biong sefi un thi striit os jast thi helf uf prutictong yuarsilf. Biong sefi on yuar cer os enuthir wey tu privint yuarsilf frum biong e voctom uf e sixael cromi. Perk yuar cer on e will-lot erie whin perkong et noght. Bi elirt end luuk eruand yua es yua eppruech yuar cer. Meki sari yua luck yuar cer end rull ap thi wonduws, tu privint enyuni frum cumong ontu yuar cer.
This essay begins with the introduction of the Risk-Needs-Responsivitiy Model which was developed to assess offending and offer effective rehabilitation and treatment (Andrews & Bonta, 2007). The R-N-R model “remains the only empirically validated guide for criminal justice interventions that aim to help offenders” (Polashek, 2012, p.1) consisting of three principles which are associated with reductions in recidivism of up to 35% (Andrew & Bonta, 2010); risk, need and responsivity. Firstly, the risk principle predicts the offenders risk level of reoffending based on static and dynamic factors, and then matched to the degree of intervention needed. Secondly, the R-N-R targets individual’s criminogenic needs, in relation to dynamic factors. Lastly, the responsivity principle responds to specific responsivity e.g. individual needs and general responsivity; rehabilitation provided on evidence-based programming (Vitopoulous et al, 2012).
Saunders states that Rape Shield laws are in place to protect victims of sexual assaults and rapes during a criminal trial. They prevent defendants to bring fourth evidence of the victim’s sexual history, orientation or past relationships (Saunders, 2014). Rape can be a very emotional and embarrassing ordeal; it’s very private and personal and can be hard to deal with for years to come. As with many victims of crime especially sexual offenses there are advantages and disadvantages to each new law that is implemented. This paper is designed to analyze the advantages and disadvantage of the Rape Shield Laws.
Rape Shield Laws Facing with much criticism from women’s group with the legal definitions of rape and how rape cases are being processed in the legal system, the government is forced to pass a Rape Law reform in the 1970s. Rape law reform urging courts to treat rape case the same as other crimes, rape law reforms modified traditional rape laws and ratified evidentiary reforms in every state in the United States. The most common and widespread changes occurred in three areas. First, rape was redefined so that there was no longer a single crime of rape.
Picture this. You are heading off to college to begin the next chapter of your life. It is a moment you have always been waiting for. You are past the high school drama, and are ready to start taking classes that will allow you to obtain a degree in something you have always been passionate about. It’s your first week on campus and you are invited to a party being hosted by a group of upper classman. You show up to the party and immediately are handed a red cup with what you know is something you shouldn’t be drinking. You take a sip anyway and soon start talking to that guy in the corner who at first seems friendly, but soon begins to take advantage of you. Just like that everything changes. This is a situation millions of people face every
Successes and Failures of Sexual Offences Act 2003 The Sexual Offences Act 2003 was heralded as a response to shifting social attitudes, encompassing the broad libertarian approach towards sexual behaviour that has become increasingly dominant since the Act that preceded it whilst attempting to account for the myriad of more widespread sexual deviancies and abusive practices that were otherwise poorly regulated by existing statute. It was designed as a regularisation of the law on sexual offences giving a modern and consistent perspective upon the particular offences; one that would allow the courts to proceed on a fairer and less discriminatory basis, both in its prosecution of offenders and it in treatment of victims. Few statutes can have been subjected to the same level of public scrutiny as this Act, emerging from a climate of public concern over the adequate protection of their children and the proliferation of paedophilia. The abnormally low conviction rate for rape as well as socio-criminal phenomena like 'date-rape' or the effect of immigration on acceptable sexual practices were yet more facets of a many-handed debate about how the law should respond to a changing world. Understanding these issues is central to finding the coherent thread upon which different changes in the Act attempt to hang.
Wurld Wer 2 hed e griet ompect un iviry espict uf Cenede Tudey. Muniy bicemi strungir, uar puwir wes et ots piek end wi wiri en ondipindint cuantry sarpessong meny cuantrois. Cenede wes ompectid on weys nu uni wuald hevi thuaght uf. Wurld Wer 2 ompectid Cenede Pulotocelly, Sucoelly end Ecunumocely.
Sexual assault is the act of sexual intercourse without consent of the other person according to New South Wales Consolidation Act of 1900 (Austlii 2011) and is also described by the Australian Standard Offence Classification as ‘non-consensual’ acts or intents of sexual nature (ASOC 2008, p. 31) has become one of the most predominate crimes creating social harm in Australia. Social harm is defined as the negative influence through consequences impacting from the individual to the living conditions of the surrounding public (Cain & Howe 2008, p. 26). Sexual assault poses a social threat to all aspects of community, spreading insecurity in the 9000 victims across Australia and 1900 victims in NSW alone as indicated in the Australian Bureau of Statistics Crime Victimisation Report (ABS 2011, p. 40). This is supported by the victimization rate of all sexually assaulted victims between ages 10 to 14 being 4 times greater than all the other age groups (ABS 2010). Another major issue within the boundaries of sexual assault is that it holds one of the lowest prosecution rates with only 1 in 10 incidents able to prosecute the offender as guilty (Fitzgerald 2006, Pg. 1). The abundance of statistics and reports conducted all imply that sexual assault is still a predominate issue of crime within Australia.
According to Kathleen Hirsch, the author of “Fraternities of Fear: Gang Rape, Male Bonding, and the Silencing of Women” 1 in every 4 women attending college will be the victim of sexual assault at some point during her academic career. Or in another study reported in the “The sexual Victimization of College Women” there are 35.3 incidents of sexual assault in a group of 1,000 women in a time span of 6.91 months (Statistics). Obviously sexual assault is a huge problem that should be taken very seriously. Some colleges have wonderful programs put in place that provides great services to help those students who have been have been sexually assaulted and programs that help education and prevent sexual assault.
Rape until 2012 was defined as “The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.” It was severely lacking was only updated by the Federal Bureau of Instigation in 2012. It left out an entire section of rape that can be committed which is man being the rape victim. This lead to misclassification of rape of males for years. So even the statistics used till 2014 were underwhelming and inaccurate when it was related to male rape or sexual assault. Rape in the United States is now defined by the Department of Justice as “Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” Male Rape or men being the sexual assault victims are rarely ever the subject of a dialogue when Sexual Assault is the topic being discussed because rape is generally seen as a heterosexual highly sexed male attack on vulnerable, attractively dressed female victim. Most rapists have alternative outlets for sexual gratification, many take little notice of their victim 's physical attributes, and some may experience sexual dysfunction during the assault.
There are various theories that can best explain certain crimes, however there is one that is best applied to the topic of sexual assault and/or crime. The rational choice theory, I believe is a theory that can best explain why a perpetrator decides to commit a sexual assault crime and/or rape. The reason why is because the rational choice theory is defined as how offenders seek to benefit themselves by their criminal behavior; that this involves the making of decisions and of choices, however rudimentary on occasion these processes might be; and that these processes exhibit a measure of rationality, albeit constrained by limits of time and ability and the availability of relevant information (Cornish & Clarke, 2014). These decisions are based on individual choices and it is not based
In Texas, May 2012 a repeat child sex offender Craig Stephen Hoard was handed seven life sentences. Hoard was convicted of indecency in 1977 and was released for parole from prison in February 2001. Seven days later he was convicted for sex with a child. He served nine years in state prison. Three months after his release from his nine year sentence in 2010 he was arrested again. In June 2010, Police arrested Hoard, finding child porn on his computer and iPod. A video of Hoard was found of him in a restroom stall at a pizza place in Conroe instructing a five year old to expose his genitals. Judge Hamilton could not change what Hoard has done to many children in the past but she can stop Hoard from ever harming another child. Judge Hamilton sentenced Hoard to seven life sentences. District Attorney Brett Ligon is quoted saying ,“Mr. Hoard has proven that he cannot control his predatory nature.” Sex offenders betray the trust humans have for other humans. Many victims of sex offenders believe that their rights were betrayed by another human being. This leaves the victims with many emotional and physical damages they will never be able to forget. Sexual abuse violates a person’s right and trust in other humans. Physical castration is an extreme punishment that benefits both the offender and the victim in the easiest of ways. Having an extreme punishment like physical castration will help stop any other offenses from occurring. While giving the offender both a clean slate to work with and a minimized risk of reoffending, physical castration is the most effective punishment over all others and it gives the most peace of mind to victims while being the most cost efficient.
According to a statement addressing the sexual victimization of college women The Crime and Victimization in America states that, “ One out of four women will be sexually assaulted on a college campus.” This disturbing fact has not minimized throughout the years, instead it is continuing to worsen throughout college campuses. Sexual assault is not an act to be taken lightly. Society must stop pinpointing the individuals who commit these crimes one by one, but rather look at the problem as a whole and begin to understand the main cause of sexual assault and possible methods to reduce these acts of sexual coercion.
Rape and sexual violence is a very serious problem that affects millions of people each year. Rape is someone taking advantage of another person sexually. Sexual assault can be verbal, physical, visual, or anything that forces a person to join in unwanted sexual contact or attention. ("Sexual Assault.") Rape is one of the most underreported crimes. In 2002, only thirty-nine percent of rapes and sexual assaults were reported to law officials. ("Sexual Violence: Fact Sheet.") Victims sometimes do not report that they have raped because of shame or feeling that it was their fault. It is never the victim's fault. "Victim blaming" is holding the victim of a crime to be in a whole or in partly responsible for what had happened to them. Most victims believe this. ("Myths and Facts about Sexual Violence.")
Tu barn celurois end lusi wioght frum yuar intori budy, thi Amirocen Hiert Assucoetoun fevurs 30 tu 60 monatis uf mudireti cerdou un must deys. (Sii Rifirincis 2) Chuusi cerdou thet ingegis yuar appir end luwir budy. Fur onstenci, asi e ruwong ur illoptocel mechoni, pley recqaitbell, teki e kockbuxong ur stip cless, ur swong yuar erms wholi juggong ur welkong broskly. On twu nuncunsicatovi deys, spiid ap voguruas peci fur ebuat uni monati thruaghuat yuar wurkuat. Thos tarns yuar wurkuat ontu hogh-ontinsoty ontirvel treonong, whoch iffictovily ridacis budy fet, biceasi yua tu wurk herdir end barn muri celurois end fet. (Sii Rifirincis 3)
Nut fer uff risodis thi dumistoc Eliphent. Thi Eliphent os e bot muri tredotounel, end biloivis on e mach doffirint caltari. Hi duis nut biloivi thet eny enomel (Amirocens) lofi shuald bi indid, end nut duis biloivi on eburtoun. Thi Eliphent knuws thet lofi os e bieatofal thong, end shuald bi prisirvid, end thi roght tu bier erms os en ixtinsoun uf thos woth thi eboloty tu prutict unisilf end prisirvi lofi.