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The underdevelopment of africa
The underdevelopment of africa
Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa
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Countries across the world have poured in over two trillion dollars in aid to sub-Saharan Africa throughout the past half-century (Moyo). Whether the aid was given to Africa for moral or political reason, it has not worked. The money dumped into the country has not alleviated the poverty of the citizens and has not created economic growth. On top of aid given by countries, other projects have been replicated in the country to assist Africa citizens dealing with issues, such as poverty, disease, clean water and many more. Jeffrey Sachs, an economist, devoted his time to the Millennium Villages Project. The project raised 120 million dollars to address the main problems that were occurring in Africa. Sachs was devoted to using fertilizer to create …show more content…
However, it starts with the African governments that are putting the countries at a disadvantage immediately. For example, China has expressed interest in improving and building the infrastructure in Africa, such as railroads, roads, education and health care buildings. Although building this involves debt to Africa, the IMF makes sure the African countries would be able to repay the debt before deals like this go through ("China 's Investments in Africa: What 's the Real Story?"). In Africa’s case, the deals that the governments make with China are often at a disadvantage because the African governments do not take the deals as seriously as it should be ("China 's Investments in Africa: What 's the Real Story?"). In fact, Africa could structure the deals made so it benefits the country in many different ways if the government hires advisors that are acting in the best interest of the country. For example, the African government could skew the deals so the work is being done in sub-Saharan Africa. To no surprise, much money invested by China is not towards sub-Saharan Africa, but the correct deals could make this happen ("China 's Investments in Africa: What 's the Real Story?"). Also, the deals made between the two countries can specify how many African workers can make these jobs occur, which creates economic growth, jobs and tax revenue. The opportunities are incredible with regards to building infrasctructure in sub-Saharan Africa. The main reason why China is bringing work to Africa is because the cost of paying Chinese workers is increasing. Therefore, the government needs to tailor the contracts that are being made in the favor of Africa and its citizens. Eventually, there will be a need from multinational companies from a developing country that has the infrastructure and workers who are willing to
“Africa is failing to keep up with population growth not because it has exhausted its potential, but instead because too little has been invested in reaching that potential.” Paarlberg backs this claim with evidence that India’s food issue was solved with foreign assistance in development and offers that the solution to Africa’s food shortage is also development and farm modernization endorsed by foreign aid.
The impact of the Structural Adjustment Programs imposed by International Financial Intuitions (IFIs) such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on the developing countries of Africa has led to the destruction of Africa’s social sectors and has handicapped Africa in its fight with poverty, the AIDS pandemic, and keeping children in school.
It is thought-provoking, in the sense that Africa’s need for foreign created a race to the bottom, much like what Pietra Rivoli described in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. Due to some African states’ reliance on foreign aid in order to mine and profit on their resources, they allow business standards to be lowered and for Chinese firms to tip the contracts moresoever in the favor of Chinese firms. This lowers the potential earnings of African states by lowering royalty rates, for example. Additionally, Burgis’ research was thorough and transparent. When he did not receive a response or if his questions were dodged, he made it obvious to the readers. Sure, some could view this book as too anecdotal to be used as a credible source of Africa’s situation. However, this is due to the nature of the system Burgis is writing about; after all, they are shadow states for a reason. Some readers will be saddened by this text, others angry, most curious to learn more, but above all, everyone will be intellectually stimulated and
At a glance Imperialism is seen as a horrendous practice that many European nations practiced at the turn of the century. With Britain at the top and many other nations coming up behind them Imperialism seemed to be the way to go. But why would such a practice that involved exploiting the natives and harming both the land and people be so appealing to the public? The profits offered by Politicians and Officials hid the truth behind Imperialism, swaying the opinion in favor of money, goods, and a sense of moral duty. Imperialism was a great example of ‘a wolf in sheep’s clothing’, its promise of greatness for everyone involved outweighed the hardships many endured from it. The pros and cons of Imperialism
Every year, more and more money is donated to Africa to promote democracy in order to get rid of the powerful coups in many countries through out the continent. While the coups are declining and democratic governments are being established, the economic growth and development of Africa is not anywhere it should be considering the abundant natural resources and coastline that the continent possesses. Even though countries, like the United States of America, donate millions of dollars they are a large reason why Africa is underdeveloped economically. The Trans-Atlantic Slave trade is the most devastating event in the history of the world. Nearly 14,000,000 men, women, and children were displaced, sold into slavery, and killed by the trade routes.(
It seems China’s interest in African countries is not in territorial occupation, but rather in international prominence and expanding its rapidly growing economic agenda. Kenya’s richness in commodities and weak commercial laws are an idealistic setting for rapid market entry, therefore China has been able to effortlessly influence and expand its mercantilist ambitions without distress of competition from the west. Even though the United States is focused in providing conditional aid to Kenya, the effects of Chinese expansion in Kenya on U.S. interest are alarming, for China is offering cold hard cash that is f...
In response to the recent failure of the international community to prevent the famine crisis in the Horn of Africa since July 2011, Suzanne Dvorak the chief executive of Save the Children wrote that, “We need to provide help now. But we cannot forget that these children are wasting away in a disaster that we could - and should - have prevented” she added, “The UN estimates that every $1 spent in prevention saves $7 in emergency spending.” (Dvorak, 2011).
...nd usually the institutions and churches do not have the resources to provide a safety net for starving people. What we have found when working with the World Bank is that the poor man's safety net, the best investment, is school feeding. And if you fill the cup with local agriculture from small farmers, you have a transformative effect. Many kids in the world can't go to school because they have to go beg and find a meal. But when that food is there, it's transformative. It costs less than 25 cents a day to change a kid's life.” (Sheeran)
Dr. Noah Zerbe is a professor and chair of the department of politics at Humboldt State University in California and someone who has spent time in both South Africa and Zimbabwe. Dr. Zerbe goes in depth into the factors that surrounded the 2002 famine in Africa, where 14 million Africans were on the brink of starvation. The Malawi president, just a season before the famine, sold off all of Mal...
Although the economy of Ethiopia has grown a lot, hunger and poverty still remains prevalent. Many of the people have no supply of clean water, education, or healthcare. Organizations like UNICEF, Tropical Health and Education Trust (THET), Medecins San Frontieres (MSF), and other organizations have been a great help to this country. With donations and medical assistance from these organizations Ethiopia can make its way out of being a third world country.
Humanitarian Intervention has been the target of much criticism, essentially in the past several decades. Particularly, questions arise when analyzing how nations decide whether or not to intervene in another sate’s internal affairs. Politics plays a large role in most nations’ internal and external decisions. When faced with the question of if or where to intervene, concerning parties, being governments or IGOs, resort to the concept of a cost-benefit analysis to generate their verdict. Despite the magnitude of the violations, parties will ignore the violation of human rights in nations where the cost may outweigh the benefits. This concept generates a structure in which one’s right to liberty or one’s right to deny another’s liberty is based upon your social status as well as your networks. It is not typical for a political leader to intervene in another state’s internal affairs if they do not expect to succeed. Conditions such as the success rate and the projected time till outcome are reflected upon whilst deciding to undertake a policy. The lack on involvement during the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 is a clear example of this. According to Samantha Powers, despite the degree of brutality, it was believed that the United Nation decided against the mediation because they could not afford another failed intervention like Somalia, which could hurt the future of the its peacekeeping program. Moreover, she believed the United States failed to make a contribution to the closure of the genocide largely because of the aftermath of Somalia that left eighteen deceased American soldiers. Rwanda was not seen a possibility after a public outcry of Americans dying “needlessly” (2002, p.541) The American choice not to intervene makes it less ...
Famine has struck parts of Africa several times during the 20th century, and to this day is still going strong. According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, the average African consumes 2300 kcal/day, less than the global average of 2700 kcal/day. Recent figures estimate that 316 million Africans, or approximately 35 percent of the continent's total population, is undernourished. Although hunger in Africa is hardly new, it now occurs in a world that has more than enough food to feed all its citizens. Moreover, while Africa's population is growing rapidly, it still has ample fertile land for growing food. Hunger therefore reflects not absolute food scarcity but rather people's lack of access to resources—whether at the individual, house-hold, comunity, or national leve that are needed to produce or purchase adequate food supplies. The reasons people cannot obtain enough food are: several different historical patterns of in equality. These patterns include the in equalities between Africa and its former colonisers or contemporary financiers, and between Africa's rich and poor. It also includes in equality between members of the same households, where food and the resources needed to obtain it (such as land and income) are often unevenly distributed between men and women, old and young. Whatever the reasons for food deprivation, when the result is malnutrition it can do damage, increasing diseases such as malaria, rickets, anemia, and perhaps acquired immune deficiency syndrome aka AIDS Mal-nourished children suffer stunted growth and, often, learning problems. Malnourished adults have less energy to work. Over the long term, inadequate nourishment can cast communities into a cycle o...
Over the past 30 years the globalisation of the economy led by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and transnational entities have happened at a very quick pace. These institutions have pressured governments of developing countries such as South Africa to remove barriers to the cross-border flow of capital and products.
Overall Central Africa’s dependence on agriculture could improve the wellbeing of the people but a long history of corruption, violence, and prevalent transportation issues have hindered an improvement in the economy resulting in poverty among the region. Poverty will not subside unless these issues are dealt with and improved.
The majority of the continent of Africa has not been as economically progressive as the other continents in today’s world. However, over the past few years, it has been rapidly growing. Although there have been multiple countries in Africa that have reflected a strong growing economy, such as South Africa and Botswana, there are many other countries that are still corrupt and are still struggling to grow as a nation. There are many challenges that are facing Africa currently. Some of these major challenges being, corrupt governments, vicious cycles of aid, and poverty traps. However, among these challenges, there still lies to be great opportunities for Africa within their technology and business sectors.