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Rational choice theory
Rational choice theory strengths and weaknesses
Rational choice theory
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The video starts with Shaka Senghor explaining that in 1991 he was a drug dealer and ended up killing another man. When he was 17, he got shot and was sent to the hospital but no-one helped him or told him that it would be okay and he felt very unloved and isolated and spent the rest of his time in fear until eventually he was the one behind the trigger. Once he was in prison, he ran black-market operations, was a loan shark, and sold drugs that were illegally smuggled into the prison. Because of this, he ended up in solitary confinement for seven and a half years.
While in solitary confinement, he received a letter from his son saying that his mother had told him why he was in jail. This letter opened Shaka’s eyes and made him realize how his son was viewing him and so he decided to start changing his life. He said there were four major factors in helping him change his life around, his great mentors,
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The rational choice theory would not be very applicable to Shaka’s situation because of the same reasons that Dehaan points out in his analysis. Rational Choice theory assumes that the pros and cons of a crime have all been considered, but it doesn’t consider choices that are made on the fly, also known as impulsivity.In Shaka’s case, he didn’t plan to murder a man, he didn’t think about the positives and negatives of making this decision, he just sensed danger and acted upon it. Rational Choice theory only accounts for premeditated crimes but also doesn’t account for the severeness of certain emotions. Certain emotions, like rage or fear, can remove all sensibility in making choices and can completely take away someone's rationality. Shaka said that he lived in constant fear after he was shot the first time, and it wouldn’t be surprising if he had been living with PTSD, and a disorder like that completely changes how a person experiences the
Kuklinski was rational in the way that he conducted his business, as well as his killings but the motivation for it was based on the psychodynamic theory. Kuklinski was a very rational actor in the sense that he thought about the safest ways to kill people without getting caught or doing a good job dismembering the body or freezing it so it prevents identification. Kuklinski’s favorite “weapon” was cyanide poisoning, which back then, was undetectable in an autopsy. He would poison his victims and the cause of death ended up being unknown. Richard Kuklinski also earned his name “The Iceman” by freezing the bodies after death, to throw off the forensic pathologists when they look for a time of death. This is beneficial because it wouldn't put Kuklinski at the scene of the murder. To prevent detection he would also sometimes bury the individual bodies. This was a very rational choice that reaped individual benefits which is consistent with the rational choice theory. Kuklinski had gotten into that work because this was the only way he knew how to provide for his family. Richard had wanted his family to be taken care of, he didn't want to feel weak and out of control of his home life. He had such a problem with control, that according to his ex-wife, he, just like his father abused her and the children. Although the motivation
Having PTSD or somebody you know having PTSD is a very scary and dangerous disorder to have. In Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut, Billy Pilgrim is a main character in the story who suffers from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a disorder that some people have because either they have seen or lived through a scary terrifying dangerous event in their lives. If a person has PTSD they feel afraid before and after a traumatic situation that happens. Some people feel scared even they aren’t in danger. In the book Slaughterhouse Five Billy Pilgrim says that he has come “unstuck in time”. Billy is suffering from PTSD because he gets nightmares, flashbacks from his past and he believes the Tralfamadorians
Not everyone who experiences trauma, obtains PTSD and some people are at more risk than others. Traumatic events a person experiences puts his/her body into a fight or flight mode, which causes the person to panic(Charles PTSD). Patients try to avoid triggering their stress with certain symbols, objects or motion surrounded by. Another soldier tells his story of experiencing PTSD about how he wasn’t on the battlefield, he was simply on a train, and started to see past experiences far worse than in Afghanistan. Inside the head Sebastian Jungers, he’s scared for his life while coming to the end of the train ride, he finds himself up against a support pole, he says “ The trains were coming into the station too fast, the lights were too bright, the world was too loud. I couldn’t quite explain what was wrong, but I was far more scared than I’d ever been in Afghanistan.”Junger says, “I stood there with my back to the column until I couldn’t take it anymore, and then I sprinted for the exit and walked home. I had no idea that what I’d just experienced had anything to do with combat; I just thought I was going crazy.” As In American Sniper, sniper Chris Kyle, and in the article Sebastian Junger both experience very similar situations with PTSD only difference is the person behind the
It is difficult to make life decisions when knowing that it is all up to you to make the right choice not knowing what the outcome is. In “Gregory” by Panos Ionannides, the soldier has to decide whether to follow the headquarters or his own instincts. Furthermore, in “Just Lather, That’s All” the barber also has to make a choice in a small amount of time, to either kill Torres or not. Moreover, he has no orders to kill Torres it was his own decision to kill someone. The protagonists in “Gregory” and “Just Lather, That’s All” both face moral dilemmas throughout the stories. In the short story “Gregory” by Panos Ionannides, the soldier decides to follow his ethics. In the story “Just Lather That’s All” by Hernando Tellez, the barber has chosen to go towards his morals. Both the soldier and the barber portray that they both need to make decisions that are wise.
“American-Indian and Alaskan Native children experience PTSD at the same rate at veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. According to a new report from a Department of Justice advisory committee, 22 percent of American-Indian and Alaskan Native juveniles have PTSD—three times higher than the national rate.” - Murphy. PTSD is a mental health condition that is triggered by a terrifying event, either experiencing it or witnessing it. Later on in life Joe became an alcoholic, had he turn Lark into the authorities he wouldn’t have to drown his sorrows in the alcohol in order blur Larks murder. As well as Cappy his best friend's death in which he couldn’t do anything to save him. These two events are significant enough that anyone experiencing this would develop PTSD. If he would have given justice to Mayla and stopped Cappy from driving he wouldn’t have to deal with any PTSD. He would be happy that he gave Lark to the police and that he gave his own mother as well as Mayla’s family
Situational crime prevention is an idea criminologists use in order to reduce the chances of crime initially taking place. This theory does not aim to punish criminals after the crime has taken place like the criminal justice system does, but however the opposite, it aims to reduce the chances of the crime taking place to start with. Ron Clarke (2005) describes this theory as an approach that aims to reduce the opportunities out there for crime, involving rational choice theory. Clark focuses on three methods within this theory, directing at specific crimes, altering the environment we live in and aiming to reduce the benefits of committing crimes.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, also known as PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a traumatic event (Riley). A more in depth definition of the disorder is given by Doctor’s Nancy Piotrowski and Lillian Range, “A maladaptive condition resulting from exposure to events beyond the realm of normal human experience and characterized by persistent difficulties involving emotional numbing, intense fear, helplessness, horror, re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance, and arousal.” People who suffer from this disease have been a part of or seen an upsetting event that haunts them after the event, and sometimes the rest of their lives. There are nicknames for this disorder such as “shell shock”, “combat neurosis”, and “battle fatigue” (Piotrowski and Range). “Battle fatigue” and “combat neurosis” refer to soldiers who have been overseas and seen disturbing scenes that cause them anxiety they will continue to have when they remember their time spent in war. It is common for a lot of soldiers to be diagnosed with PTSD when returning from battle. Throughout the history of wars American soldiers have been involved in, each war had a different nickname for what is now PTSD (Pitman et al. 769). At first, PTSD was recognized and diagnosed as a personality disorder until after the Vietnam Veterans brought more attention to the disorder, and in 1980 it became a recognized anxiety disorder (Piotrowski and Range). There is not one lone cause of PTSD, and symptoms can vary from hallucinations to detachment of friends and family, making a diagnosis more difficult than normal. To treat and in hopes to prevent those who have this disorder, the doctor may suggest different types of therapy and also prescribe medication to help subside the sympt...
Criminals have been committing crimes for centuries, and they are always fooling the police detectives and federal agencies sometimes. If the justice departments would actually look at the persons thought processes and reasoning before a crime is committed, the justice departments will be able to answer the reason for the crime. The different departments could possibly figure out why the criminal did what they did in the first. For instance, they should use a couple of criminology theories to help them with certain cases that are more difficult than the rest. The theories that the justice departments should use in their systems are the rational choice and biological theories of criminology.
In this case study, Laura and Danny have had significant changes in their lives. Laura has now left with the children and planning on moving with them to El Paso, Texas in a month. She has also filed for divorce from Danny. While Laura is making positive improvements to her life she is still concerned for Danny. She goes to collect what’s left of her belongings when she finds Danny in a state of panic. Danny has let himself go at this point. He started consuming alcohol, has not found a job, and is living with no electricity. Kid decides to pay Danny and Laura a visit and he quickly realizes Danny is in trouble. Danny begs for Kid’s assistance in order to help him start a new life. Danny is worried that he will end up alone and homeless
According to MedicineNet.com, “Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an emotional illness that is classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops as a result of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experience. PTSD sufferers re-experience the traumatic event or events in some way, tend to avoid places, people, or other things that remind them of the event (avoidance), and are exquisitely sensitive to normal life experiences (hyperarousal)” (Edwards). Larry’s traumatic experience happened when his best friend Patsy saved him when a plane was about to shoot him down. In an effect to save Larry, Patsy’s plane winged the enemy’s and soon after Larry watched his friend die. Larry says that his best friend “fell back dead. He was twenty-two. He was going to marry a girl in Ireland after the war” (51). This event shook him up because his best friend had his whole life ahead of him, and suddenly it was lost. This event and many others caused Larry to suffer from battle fatigue. In the war, he was constantly shot at and saw his fellow soldiers shot and killed. The constant amount of traumatic experiences in which he experienced caused him to suffer from
With people who are suffering from PTSD their brain is still in overdrive long after the trauma has happened. They may experience things like flashbacks, nightmares, hallucinations, panic attacks, and deep depression. They tend to avoid things that remind them of their trauma and are constantly on high alert waiting for the next possible traumatic event to take place; in events such...
Throughout the book there are many examples of these horrific events. "Three guns open fire close beside us. The bursting of flame shoots across the fog, the guns roar and boom. We shiver and are glad to think that we shall be back in the huts early in the morning” (Remarque 54). This quote relays the imagery of the battlefield and being on the front all the time. How they longed for protection and the comfort of the huts. This simple event in Paul’s life could have caused PTSD. Another quote from the novel also shows another event that could have caused Post- traumatic stress disorder "These hours .... The gurgling starts again- but how slowly a man dies ! For this I know- he cannot be saved, I have, indeed, tried to tell myself that he will not be, but at noon this pretence breaks down and melts before his groans. If only I had not lost my revolver crawling about, I would shoot him, stab him I cannot" (Remarque 182). Seeing someone die after a long time of suffering is a very traumatic experience which could definitely lead to PTSD. Many events like these occur during many wars. This is why soldiers often suffer from the symptoms of PTSD. The symptoms of PTSD occur soon after the event or develop weeks, months, or, rarely, years later. They may include: Involuntary thoughts about the experience and repeated reliving of events, daytime flashbacks of the event, panic attacks with symptoms such as shortness of breath and fainting, avoidance of reminders of the event and refusal to discuss it, sleep disturbance and nightmares, poor concentration, and irritability (Post- traumatic stress disorder). With the help of the treatment provided to the patients affected by Post- traumatic stress disorder they can live happy normal lives granted they do not experience another traumatic event
In regards to rational choice theory, my opinion lies somewhere in between believer and nonbeliever. The research that supports both the theory’s merits and limitations appears to be minimal and lacking true empirical evidence. However, I believe there is reasoning for all we do and all that is done. With that being said, I would have to say that I am a believer of rational choice theory. It is my belief and personal opinion, that even when making choices irrationally, our actions can, to some degree be rationalized.
Before and following Raskolnikov’s murder, he lives a life of anxiety and pride. Raskolnikov has no concern for anyone. But gradually Raskolnikov changes his attitude and actions. This alteration then leads him to confess and recognize his crime. This positive change is all thanks to Sonia. Throughout Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov meets with Sonia and at each meeting Raskolnikov advances in recovering his lost emotions. Sonia was necessary for Raskolnikov’s growth because without her Raskolnikov would have remained a prideful, miserable, man. Sonia’s actions and thoughts for Raskolnikov influence and move him. Yet Raskolnikov is the one who truly changes himself. But this transformation is only possible by Sonia. So she is a positive and
... event and tend to be emotionally numb” (Anxiety Disorders). PTSD leads to flashbacks and behavioral changes to try to avoid anything that might remind the affected individual of the traumatic experience.