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Peacemaking And Conflict Management
Resolving conflict without violence
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To intervene or not intervene will always be a subject of intense debate all around the world due to the fact that interventionism has shaped world politics since the beginning of known history. Interventionism encompasses the justification of a nation or sovereign state to invade, attack, support militarily, support economically, politically, or aiding a sovereign state for any reason. In any case, all arguments comes down to two perspectives: (A) there is no reason for intervention, (B) intervention is only acceptable under certain circumstances. In addition if historical evidence shows us one thing it is that intervention has always been a means to an end. One example of this is America’s annual 3 billion dollar grant to Israel from 1985 …show more content…
On March 11, 2011 a Syrian uprising begun in order to establish a pro-democracy government and to abolish Bashar Al-Assad’s authoritarian practices. This led to a proxy war between world powers such as Russia and America where the United States provided weapons and training to Syrian rebels and Russia provided economic and military support to Al-Assad. As the conflict evolved religious extremism evolved to an unprecedented level; terrorist groups splintered off from the rebels and perpetrated attacks around the world such as the Taliban’s attacks on the World Trade Centers in 2001. According to William Blum, the United States and other nations “involvement in international situations [led to] an increase in terrorist attacks” around the world due to its foreign policy in Syria and other Middle Eastern countries. The fact that William Blum is a historian, and critic of United States foreign policy proves he is a somewhat credible source but it might be a bit skewed due to the fact that he is very critical of American foreign policy so he might have an inclination to show the policy in a negative point of …show more content…
It should be noted that intervention usually ends up with militaristic campaigns but it is stressed that militaristic actions should be the last resort; the international community should try to place sanctions on the sovereign state like trade embargos and other diplomatic options as a first response. Part of this diplomatic approach is “conflict prevention refers to a set of policies adopted at an early stage of a conflict, prior to violent escalation or after ceasefire/settlement has been negotiated to prevent resumption of violence. Conflict prevention aims at channeling conflict into non-violent behavior by providing incentives for peaceful accommodation and/or raising the costs of violent escalation for conflict parties.” In addition to diplomatic actions can allow for “fact finding missions” allowing the international community to become aware of exactly what is happening and why so the UN can come up with a plan to rectify the situation.4 This comes from the perspective of “A political scientist” specializing in the management of contemporary security challenges, “especially in the
One of the key factors that fueled violence in the Syrian War was due to foreign influence. In September 2015, airstrikes were inaugurated by both the United States and Russia. These airstrikes were targeted towards terrorists. However, the US and Russia had different views on groups. "Russia includes many US- supported rebels groups in their lists of 'terrorists'" (Document G) The US viewed the Kurdish group as an ally, while Russia viewed them as a terrorist group. Due to the opposing perspectives from both foreign countries on Syrian groups, the conflict of being unsure of who to strike arose. The US attacked who they believed were terrorists while Russia did the same, therefore creating violence all over. The Chart in Document D displays the relationships between foreign countries and Syrian groups. Russia
War powers refers to the powers exercised by Congress or the president during times of war or other crises affecting national security. Article 2, Section 2 of the US Constitution declares that the president is the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He may direct the military after an official declaration of war from Congress. There is a lot of disagreement and confusion about what exactly the president has the power to do under the Constitution. The purpose of this paper is to determine what war powers the constitution and Congress give the president, domestically and abroad during times of war, and what the scope of those powers is.
Rethinking Violence: States and Non-state Actors in Conflict. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed April 22, 2014).
In order for a state to be allowed intervention into a conflict on the international sphere, they must first gain approval from all the members of the United Nations Security Council. Through this it is assumed that the reasoning for intervening are assessed, and legitimate. It should be noted however that This however has been proven to be a cumbersome mechanism to adhere to the right authority aspect as permission has never been granted by the UN Security Council to intervene in the conflict of a sovereign nation. The international community is largely hesitant to label a conflict a ‘humanitarian conflict’ as this would imply the necessity of international intervention.
On September 11, 2001, many people’s lives were changed. Not only Americans, but Muslims and Islamist alike, were affected. (A Nation Challenged 80). Family members and friends were lost, lives were taken away, and New York City was torn to pieces. Two planes hit the Twin Towers, otherwise known as the World Trade Center. One plane was flown into the Pentagon located in Virginia. One last plane was flown into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after being taken over by the passengers. The nineteen men who hijacked these planes were from the Islamist militant group known as al-Qaeda. (The 9/11 Commission Report). An editorial in the New York Times said, “It was one of those moments in which history splits, and we define the world as ‘before’ and ‘after’.”
The United Nations General Assembly 36-103 focused on topics of hostile relations between states and justification for international interventions. Specifically mentioned at the UNGA was the right of a state to perform an intervention on the basis of “solving outstanding international issues” and contributing to the removal of global “conflicts and interference". (Resolution 36/103, e). My paper will examine the merits of these rights, what the GA was arguing for and against, and explore relevant global events that can suggest the importance of this discussion and what it has achieved or materialized.
Historical Significance: The September 11th, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, orchestrated by Al-Qaeda and Bin Laden, were the events that launched the U.S. War on Terrorism. Al-Qaeda’s attack on the United States was carried out by members of radicalized Islamic groups, whose objective was to spread jihad against the secular influence of the West. This tragic event provided the historical b...
I believe that there is no clear-cut position as to whether we should be Interventionist or Isolationist. It all comes down to circumstances. Almost every conflict the United States had been involved in has been about economics and what our country can gain. We have been one of the world’s greatest powers since the early 1900’s, mainly because of colonialization and domination of world economy.
When it comes to nuclear war, most people will have mixed feelings on it. Nuclear war is a difficult area to touch on. Whether or not someone sees it as ethically right or wrong, all depends on the person and their moral values. The reason I chose this was because I don’t think it is necessarily right to engage in nuclear warfare even if it is the only means to end war. Just-war theory, utilitarianism, and Virtue ethics all help show a different perspective on nuclear warfare. There are many solutions to it, however. Some solutions are getting other nations to place embargos on the country and forcing peace talks without resorting to military action. Significantly, it is important that nuclear war is addressed in the world so that nations
The United States was once a non-interventionist nation that minded our own affairs. However, this nation is now always involved with other countries’ problems because America just cannot seem to mind its own business. The United States needs to stop getting involved in what is going on abroad frequently and start fixing problems at home because those are America’s top priority to discuss and handle. If the United States is going to consider getting involved in Foreign Affairs, the involvement should be valid and reasonable. The United States needs to significantly reduce its involvement in events abroad and mind its own business.
The continuing successful and attempted terrorist attacks in the USA and the endless wars and conflicts in which we are involved are a manifestation of political, economical and imperialistic failures in Arab lands. This was supported by Western society with the United States as the largest of powers. Instability, oppression, poverty and political alienation that the citizens of many Islamic-Arab nations experienced within the last hundred years have led to major hatred of the United States by the people of many Arab nations. These sources of hatred can be viewed as remote causes of the endless terror attacks and conflicts around the globe. Through the analysis of these causes, it is possible to find ways to avoid such incidents of terror by solving the problem at the source.
Would you let someone you absolutely do not like be part of something important? The story takes place in the middle of December, at your own church, and revolve around a family called the Herdmans. The story begins when your brother Charlie, telling the Herdmans that the minister at church gave out free snacks, such as chocolate cake, candy bars, cookie, Kool-Aide, ice cream, donuts, and popcorn balls during Sunday School.
Regarding executive powers, and more specifically, war powers, the US Constitution states, “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices”. Furthermore, it states, “He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties…. And appoint Ambassadors”. The President’s war powers are rather vague and open-ended as the question states, but some may argue that now, because of the War Powers Resolution of 1973, this
Consequences of intervention can include the loss of lives from an otherwise uninvolved country, the spread of violence, and the possibility of inciting conflict over new problems, just to name a few (Lecture, 11/15/16). For example, John Mueller considers the potential negative consequences of intervention prove that they are insignificant to the cause of humanitarian intervention as a whole. Moreover, with intervention into ethnic conflicts, the outcome, no matter how positive, is overshadowed by a gross exaggeration of negative consequences (Mueller). In both Yugoslavia and Rwanda the solution, to Mueller appeared simple, a well ordered and structured militarized presence was all that was required to end the conflict (Mueller). If this is the case, when discussing whether or not intervention is necessary the political elite must not over-exaggerate the difficulty.
Every day we are surrounded by stories of war. In fact, we have become so accustomed to it, that we are now entertained by it. Video games, movies, and books filled with heroes who once dominated the battlefields. However it is constantly stated, “no good comes from war.” Even famous songs state “war... what is it good for… absolutely nothing.” But what if war was actually necessary? Throughout history, we see examples of the good things wars have brought. War has freed slaves, modernized medicine, brought down evil empires, and even brought countries together