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Divine law vs human law
Ethical decision in lifeboat case
Divine law vs human law
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A ship is sinking so everyone pills get on a lifeboat that is only supposed to hold seven. Thirty people all on one lifeboat so it is too heavy to row without sinking and a life-threatening storm is on its way sending people into a panic. There is only one way to possibly save at least a few people, which is to kick people off the lifeboat into the water. Ethically this would save lives as long as natural instincts are ignored and everyone one board knows that the bible asks that people give up their own lives for others. In this situation, Divine Command Theory would have many advantages over the Theory of Natural Law because people will be more willing to get out of the lifeboat if it will save someone else. The Divine Command theory if taken into the effect of this situation most people would be more willing to sacrifice their lives …show more content…
Meanwhile, it does have a flaw to where Theory of Natural Law comes in, the Divine Command Theory ask us to sacrifice ourselves but many people will know the bible and be able to refute it with the verse “But go and learn what this means: ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice.’ For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners” (Matthew 9:13). This makes it to where they do not need to sacrifice their lives for others which will cause everyone to more than likely die. Theory of Natural Law on the other hand though puts a human's natural instinct into play and most women’s natural instinct is to take care of others even if it means giving up their lives and for men they naturally feel like it is their job to protect women and children so they will be more willing to go overboard (Mariashriver). The problem with this theory though is not everyone’s instincts are to go overboard. Most people’s instincts are to save themselves rather than the lives of
The Jim and the Indians example illustrates a situation in which a man must choose whether to violate his moral code in order to save innocent lives. In this scenario, Jim is a visitor in an area in South American were twenty innocent Indians have been lined up and are about to be killed for showing resistance against their government. The man in charge of killing these Indians has offered Jim a deal: Jim can kill one of the Indians himself and the man will let all of the rest go. However, if Jim does not accept the deal, the execution of all twenty Indians will be carried out as planned. It is morally wrong to murder but is it permissible in this case if it means saving nineteen innocent lives? This scenario brings about the question if there are exceptions to moral code, or if certain actions are wrong in all circumstances.
steadiness as the only common good and go extreme to preserve safety. Nevertheless, situations exist where people have to abandon some
moral decisions, we will be analyzing why this scenario poses a dilemma, possible actions that
A natural law theorist says that actions are right because they are natural and wrong because they
In Foot’s scenario Rescue I, Kant’s use of the first version of categorical imperative says it would be ok to let the one individual perish to save the party of five. In this case the maxim or the subjective principle of volition, could be viewed as it would be ok to let the one person perish to save the party of five, because there is no act of killing the one individual, but merely allowing the one individual to perish; therefore, the one individual is not being used as a means to kill, he is merely a consequence of the rational choice to save the lives of the party of five. John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian belief that the moral thing to do is that which creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people, as well as, Immanuel Kant’s belief that murder is always morally wrong. In Rescue II, where the one individual is trapped on the path leading to the party of the five that need to be rescued; John Stuart Mill would suggest running over the one individual to save the party of five.
When we discuss morality we know that it is a code of values that seem to guide our choices and actions. Choices and actions play a significant role in determining the purpose and course of a person’s life. In the case of “Jim and the Indians”, Jim faces a terrible dilemma to which any solution is morbid. On one hand, Jim can choose to ignore the captain’s suggestion and let the whole group of Indians be executed. Alternatively, he may decide upon sacrificing one Indian for the sake of saving the rest. Both options involve taking of person’s life. Regarding what should Jim do in this circumstance, there are two approaches according for Jim’s dilemma that should be examined. By looking into the Deontological moral theory and the moral theory of Consequentialism we can see what determines an action that is morally required.
similar decisions for our selves without thinking about it. People need guidance in their life to the
This leads to a special conception of justice, called the “divine justice”, which is based on giving a person what he or she needs rather than deserves (e.g., in case of a crime, redemption rather getting even). Even though agapeistic love is certainly a noble ideal, it is unstable equilibrium and an easy victim of the “prisoner’s dilemma,” in which the best alternative for a group of people is not the best alternative for each person in the group.
The divine command theory is an ethical theory relating to God and how his commandments should guide the morality of humankind. Objections to this theory include objections to the nature or existence of God or to the nature of his character or commands. For the purposes of this paper, I will present the divine command theory, introduce a serious objection evident in Genesis 22, propose and explain an alternative to the divine command theory that is the divine will theory, explain why this theory avoids the objection, and critique and respond from the perspective of a divine will theorist.
The Divine Command theory of ethics is a theory that states that an act is right or wrong and good or bad based on whether or not God commands or prohibits us from doing it. This means that the only thing that makes an action morally wrong is because God says it is. There are two sides to this theory; the restricted and the unrestricted. The restricted theory basically says that an action is obligatory if and only if it is good and God commanded it; the unrestricted theory states that an act is only obligatory if it is commanded by God, it is not obligatory if it is prohibited by God and it is optional if and only if God has not commanded nor prohibited it.
Ethical dilemmas create a challenge between two or more equally alternative problems requiring moral judgment. This creates both an obligation and dilemma for those involved. Living in such a globalized world with cross-cultural borders, races, and ideas; negotiating what is considered morally “right” can sometimes be very difficult. Both religion and laws have a major impact in ethical duties. What an individual may presume as right cannot be guaranteed by the government or political party. The Overcrowded Lifeboat is just one example in which all the ideas above come to play in ethical decisions.
The Divine command theory states that morally right actions are those commanded by God, and any action going against it is morally wrong. People that accept this theory can only consider an act to be right or wrong if God commanded it to be so. Therefore, supporters of this theory have a moral obligation to do and obey whatever God considered to be right without questioning his judgment. Those in favor of this theory should fulfill his will without any hesitation, regardless of its consequences to society. So if God had claimed abortion to be morally right, everyone supporting this theory were to happily accept it. Moreover, this theory suggests that those who act on a moral sense God desires will be rewarded at the end, perhaps in the afterlife;
In order to understand divine command theory we must first understand the nature of God and Morality. So we will start by taking a look at what makes an action moral. Once we understand what makes an action moral, we can then try to understand the author's’ viewpoint on the divine command theory of ethics. Understanding the viewpoint will allow us to dissect the author’s viewpoints and come up with counter-arguments that the author must then contend with.
In conclusion, while both the Natural Law Theory and the Divine Command Theory have aspects that I don’t agree on, both brought interesting ways to look at the world and the
The natural law was given to man so that he might know virtue. While the natural law is vague, and hard to understand it always points in the right direction. Human law derives its precepts from the natural law. However, human law often misinterprets what the highest good is and creates laws that disagree with the natural law. One case where the natural law conflicts with human law is abortion, which is directly opposed to the natural law of God.