Nourhan Mahmoud Hegazy
Nadia Abdullah
English 102
20 March 2014
Private Lessons: Their Effect of Family’s Income: An
Annotated Bibliography
Hartmann, Sarah, The Informal Market of Education in Egypt. Private tutoring and its implications”, Ifeas, web, 2008,11 March 2014.
Hartmann attended the Free University of Berlin and the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; She studied communication studies in addition to Social Anthropology. In 2007 she got her M.A. degree from the Free University of Berlin. The author discusses the Egyptian education and that the education is suppose to be a public good supplied by the government, but a new system known as privatization took place in Egypt leading to what is called “shadow education system” or as known in Egypt” private lessons”. She is also trying to prove that High school students, preparatory students and even elementary students take private lessons which affects the time of the students and teachers negatively and affects the student’s family’s budget. The author mentioned the private lessons complain are concerning the costs. These lessons take place on holidays, afterschool, weekends, and it is mainly outside the school. The author also provides another type of tutoring lessons and these types are provided by government in public schools with a low cost and these study groups. She is also added that the aim of private lessons is to help the students to achieve a high score in exams, but the real thing is that these lessons are used as business for the teachers and the tutoring centers to gain more money. This article is supporting my idea that the cost of the private lessons affects the family’s income because of their ...
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...cational, Scientific and Organization, Book, 1999, 20 March 2014.
Bray work as a chair Professor Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong, he used to be UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning 2006 till 2010. The author describes private lessons with the term “The Shadow Education System”. The author says that private lessons had spread and consumed a lot of money and affects a lot of the student’s time. The author also mentions that although private lessons might be a good thing helping students, but it is controlling their time and the family’s income. The author says that in Egypt about 20% of the family’s income is spent on private lessons. This article is supporting my issue and by that the author provided a percentage of how much these lessons affect the family’s income.
This article points out the flaws in our modern education systems. Students should enjoy school and feel as though they are learning important things in the subjects offered. The classes can be altered to tend to the interests of children, so they can properly express themselves. School should be preparing children to be mature, how to handle hard situations, and ultimately prepare them for their future lives. Overall, Gatto’s article has its flaws, but it can be used to help improve the education system for upcoming
In the great story of a young girls triumph over poverty, rejection and innumerable failures as a child, she will unfortunately never truly prosper as an adult in the world in which she lives. Our protagonist, Sara Smolinsky who is the youngest of the four Smolinsky girls, has the most motivation in life to be independent, and fend for herself. However to achieve this goal she would need to break loose of the family chain and peruse a life elsewhere. It appears she has done so as she runs away from home seeking an education. Six years or so go by and she has more than fulfilled her dream of independence, however as members of her family take on life threatening sickness she once again feels the need to come home, and falls back under the spell of family obligation. As for other characters in the book, the same problem with familial duties always interferes with what one truly wants.
Juveniles are being taught that in order to have a nice car, branded cloths and the house of their dreams, by getting into an expensive mortgage, they have to be an employee of a huge corporation. In addition, they have to undergo to a prestigious school, study hard, have excellent grades in order to become popular and respectable in the world. However, many people would not become those super leaders, but these majority of people have a great role in the capitalism society of the US. As Gatto says, “We buy televisions, and then we buy the things we see on the television. We buy computers, and then we buy the things we see on the computer. We buy $150 sneakers whether we need them or not, and when they fall apart too soon we buy another pair” (38). Such results are in part of a wrong education that teenagers have received trough many decades. In addition, Gatto highlights that modern educational system has been working in a six basic functions methods that makes the system strong and unbreakable: The adjustable function, indulge students to respect authorities. The integrating function, which builds the personality of the students as similar to each other as possible. The diagnostic and directive function, which allows a school to set permanent scholar grades in order to determinate his or her future role in society. The differentiating function, which gives to the student a good education and after his or her role is diagnosed, they prevent any educational progress. The selective function, function that the system has used to prevent academic growth for the non-selected students. The propaedeutic function, which works in the selection of specific groups of intellectual adults to keep perpetuating the system all over again making it a continuous sequence. (Gatto 34). Gatto’s facts revealed the survival of the educational system for decades,
Imagine a world without education where human history is totally forgotten by the young generation, and individuals are forced to live in their basic everyday life without having the power to change it. Such in balance or disorders are the growing problems that occur around the world, which were pointed out in many educational essays like “The Educated Student” By Barber, “The student and the University” by Bloom, and “Class in America – 2003” by Mantsios. These essays are among the many of their kind that address the status education in the modern world as being forgotten and lost behind all the technology and commercialization of education. This was the point of attention of scholars like Barber, Bloom, and Mantsios who came up with a common
The Great Depression was the greatest economic downturn America had ever faced. With the fall of the stock market in one day the entire country was in chaos. People’s entire life saving as well as plans for the future were destroyed in minutes. This paper will discuss how The Great Depression affected family dynamics and everyday life as the result of economic hardship.
There is much debate on what constitutes as a family today. However, Ball (2002) states, “The concept of the traditional family…is not an immutable one. It is a social construct that varies from culture to culture and, over time, the definition changes within a culture” (pp. 68). There is a growing diversity of families today including the commonality of sole-parenting. In order to explore aspects of sole-parenthood objectively, I need to reflect and put aside my personal experience of growing up in sole-parent household. Furthermore, this essay will explore the historical origins, cultural aspects discussing the influences and implications of gender identity, and social structures of sole-parent families, as well as consider the implications in midwifery by applying the sociological imagination. Mills (2000/1959) describes the sociological imagination as “…a quality of mind that seems most dramatically to promise an understanding of the intimate realities of ourselves in connection with larger social realities” (pp.15). In other words, the sociological imagination involves the ability to consider the relationships between personal experiences and those within society as a whole.
First, it is necessary to examine the current paradigm within education in order to determine exactly what it is about the modern system that requires changing. One of the most immediate concerns comes as a result of the school facilities the...
There are many ways to teach children in the world. Some children are learning at the school and others are learning at home. Homeschooling is one of the most common ways to teach children. Because of, technologies, the numbers of home schooling are increasing. Nowadays, many parents teach their children at home because they are able to use the Internet and read about anything they want. Moreover, homeschooling has different ways to teach children; it depends on the parents and the methods they teach. Some of the parents take courses to improve their knowledge about how they can educate their children and teach them new things. Some of the children like to study in a group, so parents communicate with other friend’s parents and decided to go on a trip with each other and study. Although many parents think that home schooling is beneficial for their children, students should not be homeschooled for several reasons: it is dangerous for children’s health, children will have limited education, and it does not have much quality.
The widespread phenomenon of private tutoring has been proved where 90% of students at certain level are taking or have recently taken private tutoring in almost all 22 developing and developed countries that had been surveyed. These include Romania,
Globally, education remains to be the most priority for most nations. Most of the countries spend many of their resources trying to avail equal opportunities to their people since the wealth of a country can only be achieved through having a good segment of the population being educated. Again it is only through education that the economies and social demands of a country can be gained. A country’s education system enables it to have the capacity to face both local and international demands and challenges as well (Murphy, 2010). Normally, it is good to review the education systems of other countries since this enables the country to know what the education system in one country looks alike and the possible improvements required. The paper discusses the major differences and similarities emerging from the education system both in United States (US) and Saudi Arabia.
When I was a little boy my father was a salesman who distributed automotive paint to dealerships and body shops. The beauty of this job was that it was straight commission; the harder my father worked the more money he would make. I remember my dad preaching this to me as a little kid; “money is the motive son”. My father lived by this motto and busted his butt until he was making an income of six figures a year. Unfortunately, something catastrophic would happen changing my life in way that it would never be the same. In 2002, my father was on his normal delivery route when a drunk driver blew his stop sign causing my father to T-bone the driver at 70 mph. The drunk driver was able to crawl out of the car with little to no damage done to his physical health. My father, on the other hand, shattered his lower back and was told that if he wasn’t buckled that he would have been dead. Life would never be the same for my family and me after that day, but the one family lesson we learned was that money doesn’t regulate how happy you are.
Out of the numerous commodities and resources that are scarce on the planet in which we inhabit a family, or even a family system, can never be parallel to even an iota of them. This is due to the fact that everyone, no matter what age at what time period of their life, has a family. That family may not be the cookie cutter family that society imposes on the media world. People develop without knowing their family, people create new families of their own, or they can even find something or someone to call family because of this family will never be scarce. Family is an objective concept to every single person and the definition varies significantly from being as simple as the smallest of toys to as complex as a group of people interconnected
The number of students who study at their home is increasing year after year. Nowadays, many families believe that regular schools do not provide the perfect education for their children. Also, they say that traditional schools cannot improve students’ abilities, and they cannot focus on the students because there are many students in classes. Therefore, they believe that homeschooling is better than traditional schools. It can be clear seen that many families homeschooling their children for many reasons. Weather it about the negative impacts of traditional schools such as there are many students on classes or for religion reasons. They move to homeschooling their children, and they denied the negative influences for home-educate on them. Moreover, they want to ensure that their children get the kind of education for their children, and they want to avoid the disadvantage of regular schools. Consequently, they miss out the negative influences for homeschooling. However, homeschooling has many negative impacts on children such as lack of social interaction, loss of school activities, and parents unable to manage their time to teach.
After the introduction of industrial revolution, the ethical ideal or norm emerged that there ought to be only one family breadwinner, which was the husband/father; while the wife or mother worked in the home as a homemaker and caregiver (Potuchek & David, 1997). Today, norms and expectations are changing due to the current state of the economy and advances in technology. Occupations are getting scarcer and an abundance of competent individuals are becoming unemployed. Today, research has shown that most women and mothers go into the labor force in order to help assist their family needs. To survive, numerous wives and mothers are looking for and getting full-time employment. Presently, women and also men may take the role of breadwinners, and there can be one or two breadwinners in a family (Potuchek & David, 1997). This essay focuses on the impacts of breadwinning: the conception of breadwinning in the family, men’s involvement to housework when breadwinning shifts, how it affects men’s masculinity, how breadwinning is used as a criterion that distinguishes men
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”, said Nelson Mandela. Undoubtedly, education is essential for everyone, especially for the young generations as they are the future leader that will conquer the world. It inspires them to gain knowledge as knowledge is power and broaden their views towards the world. For that reason, every parent surely wants the best for their child by sending them to school to gain further education. It is a golden opportunity for them to change for the betterment. The quote by Theodore Roosevelt, “A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole railroad”, can relate to it. However, choosing the right school for the child is a complex decision needed to make by every parent. Thus, the question that often troubles every parent is that, whether to send their child to co-educational school or single sex school (Ssenkabirwa & Mitti, 2010). Many experts say “…it’s nearly impossible to compare apples to apples when it comes to single-sex versus coeducation.” (Novotney, 2011). As every coin has two sides, both of it have advantages and disadvantages. By any means, it is believed that co-educational pros undoubtedly outweigh the cons side. Mixed-sex education, also known as co-education, is a schooling system, where girls and boys learn together under the same roof. It is the opposite of single-sex education. It is believed that the concept of co-education was introduced by a renewed Greek philosopher, called Plato, who believed that girls and boys should be treating equally. Hence, co-educational school can be said as a natural imitation of the real world as it is a mixed school that consists of bot...