When constructing an argument, the person must come from a logical perspective. In doing so, individuals must understand “the basic principles of logic”. According to D.Q. McInerny, in her book Being Logical, there are four principles of logic. This includes, the principle of individuality, the precept of the excluded middle, the principle of sufficient understanding, and the principle of contradiction. Along with the principles of logic, the language of logic should be taken into account with arguments. The principle of identity entail’s “things” to be distinguishable from other “things”. Essentially in the aspect of identity, a cat is a cat. That cat cannot be anything other than. It is not a dog, a bird, nor is it a snake. Aside from identity, …show more content…
From here an individual, then must understand the language of arguments in order to construct it appropriately. McInerny stated in Being Logical, “The concrete expression of logical reasoning is the argument. An arguments stands or falls to the extent that the reasoning it incorporates is good or bad (page 47).” Constructing an argument must include, “the inferential move” which is described as when we go from one idea that is known to be true to a second idea that is recognized to be true on the basis of the first idea. Arguments are broken into three different forms.
Conjunctive Argument: Two conclusions that may be verbalized differently, but are rightful. The isolation of one term as true and the other false cannot occur within conjunctive argument.
Disjunctive Argument: A statement that carries two elements with mutual exclusions cannot both be concluded as true. One is true while the other is
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In answering this, arguments may be built in a number of ways depending on the kind of argument being given. According to rationaleonline.org, Simple parameters are the most basic units of logical thinking. Discusses various forms, their functions, and how to represent them. Simple Argument Structure looks in more detail at the internal structure of simple arguments also giving simple guidelines for identifying assumptions and seeing to it that the whole thing hangs together right. Multi-Reason Arguments studies arguments in which more than one reason or objection bear upon an individual title. It discusses some common errors in mapping such arguments. Multi-Layer Arguments gives reasons or objections that are supported or opposed by further arguments. This band extends the principal varieties of multi-layer parameters, how to map them, and how to avoid some common mistakes. Inference Objections are a variety of multi-layer parameter, and mapping them is specially challenging. This set shows how to map inference objections as objections to hidden premises. Lastly, macrostructure is the social organization of complex arguments on a large plate. This band covers some fundamental rules for creating maps of well-structured complex
By providing a base argument and the implications of
For most writers, we must know the different types of argumentation styles along with logical fallacies. There are three main types of argumentation styles including: Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin. All three styles have their own argumentation spin on arguments. Aristotelian refutes the opposing claim while at the same time promoting its own argument by using supporting evidence. Some of that evidence includes using rhetorical appeals such as ethos, logos, and pathos. A Rogerian arguments are the arguments that find the common ground in order for an effective argument. Last but not least there is the Toulmin argument, the Toulmin argument is similar to the Aristotelian argument yet instead of appealing to the audience Toulmin focuses
Arguments are everywhere; everyone has used some sort of argumentation in their life. Whether it’s asking permission to go out, begging a professor for additional time on a due assignment, or arriving late to class. Your examining different evidence to decide which way is more dependable to use to make our stateluisament or an argument. In other words, an Argument is a sequence of statements that are used to persuade an audience with reasons for accommodating a conclusion. Creating arguments is something that isn’t hard to do, what is hard to grip on is, finding the logic in an argument. I found myself creating similar scenarios; pretty much made three comparable settings that all fight for the same point.
The ultimate goal of an argument is to examine our own ideas as well as others. Arguments revolving around the past, present, and future can be presented in any form. Articles of forensic argument, for example, deliberate the past and what happened leading to questions as to why this happened, or what should have been. Articles regarding the present hold many problems people will debate on and set ways for the future. Arguments of how to bring about a worthier and more flourishing future will be disputed in deliberative arguments. Argumentation is everywhere.
... reasons why. This strengthens my argument as I develop relevant reasons to my position while agreeing on a middle ground.
For some, an argument may be a discussion that leads people to become mad and feel hate towards someone. This also might bring tension, between friends and family, but there’re times when people just want to discuss a topic that they feel would make the conflict better or resolved. When an argument happens, it’s recommended to use Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle. It is here that Aristotle set’s up three ways to appeal to the audience, which are ethos, pathos, and logos. These three appeals help the writer to persuade, inform, or convince the audience that what he/she is doing the right thing. Without Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle and Aims of Arguments, the writer would unsuccessfully perform an argument correctly. If creditability of the
Crusius, Timothy W., and Carolyn E. Channell. The Aims of Argument: A Text and Reader. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.
Logic is the language of reasoning. According to Kit Fine, a Professor of Philosophy, logic is a systematic way of explaining what makes an item valid (Films for Humanities and Science, 2004). As humans seek to validate their thoughts and find truth in the world, this science of reasoning is what allows us to develop conclusions, which can then be accepted as truths. Uniting mathematics, philosophy, language, and other disciplines together to help generate these widely accepted truths, numerous logical theories have emerged since the time of Aristotle to shed light on how our minds deduce and arrive at logical conclusions. Two such theories, Bayesian confirmation theory and syllogism can be used to provide humans with a means to more accurately and easily arrive at truthful conclusion.
.... For argument is not about who is right, but what is learned as a
Inch, Edward, Barbara Warnick. Critical Thinking and Communication: The use of Reason in Argument. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2002.
Stephen Toulmin noticed that good realistic arguments consist of six actual parts. The extended method includes claims, data, and warrants, but it includes backing, qualifications, and a rebuttal, which are used to test the authority of a given warrant. The backing takes the warrants and adds additional evidence and reasoning to validate the warrant. With backing a warrant, there must be a way of qualifying statements expressing the degree to which the speaker defends a claim or to limit the strength of the argument to its truth. There is never just one view or one side of an argument, there are counter-arguments or statements called rebuttals that indicate the circumstances when the general argument does not hold true.
* The Aims of Argument. 4th ed Ed.Timothy W. Crusius and Carolyn E. Channell. New York:McGraw Hill,2003, 352-355.
Identity, an ambiguous idea, plays an important part in today’s world. To me identity can be defined as who a person is or what differentiates one person from another. Identity would be a person’s name, age, height, ethnicity, personality, and more. A quote by Anne Sexton states “It doesn't matter who my father was; it matters who I remember he was”(Anne Sexton). This quote helps me define identity because I believe it is saying that identity is what people are remembered by. When some people think of identity, words such as, uniqueness, distinctiveness, or individuality may come to mind. However, I disagree with this because when I think of identity I think of mimicry, self-consciousness, or opinions.
Webster's dictionary describes identity as sameness of essential character, individuality, or the fact of being the same person as one claims to be. So your identity can include your name, your age, your job title, or simply characteristics of your body. These things are facts, facts you don't care to share with the world. Just as the word suggests your identity is something by which you can be identified. These are things that describe a person in terms a stranger would understand. This area of identity is proof of who you are. However, your identity is also composed of what you are. They mark your role in society. Who you are and what you do make up your identity. This is essential in the human life span because people are always searching to find where they truly belong in the world.
After, one semester trying to understand what is logic about and how it works, finally, I understood that Logic is always present in our life.