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Power of the judicial review
Rule of law
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The Sources of Law
According to a dictionary, the definition of the law is too abstract and long for our basic understanding. Therefore, less think of law as the rules that govern, guide actions and relations among and between people, establishments, and governments. These laws are generated from numerous foundations and there are many different sources. The power of making such laws are given to the people or their representatives. The primary sources of law in the United States, rely on each other and are the most fundamental.
The Constitution
The U.S. Constitution is an act of the people themselves, therefore, the Constitution is a source of laws. These sources of laws can be described in at least three ways. First, the U.S. Constitution
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The court consists of a governmental body of one or more judges who preside over cases and determine disputes by issuing judgments (Harris & Brickley, 2013). There are two reasons courts are a source of law. Courts participate in judicial review and courts influence law when they resolve disputes by deciding a case. A discussion of judicial review and the common law prompts the ideas of point of reference and stare decisis (National Paralegal College, 2017). At the point when a case is decided, the decision becomes a precedent, in which a similar case will be decided in a similar way. There are two types of precedents, binding and persuasive. Binding precedent is modeling that must be referred to or followed by a court (Harris & Brickley, 2013). It applies when a lower court is thinking about a case similar to a case already decided on by higher court in its jurisdiction. Persuasive precedent, is the opposite, it’s guidance that is not binding on a court’s decision, but may be relevant and used when considering a case (Harris & Brickley, …show more content…
Whatever situations a law may apply, be that as it may, is not always clear. This is when courts must participate in legal interpretation to decide the legislature’s intent. There are numerous things courts will take into consideration to include binding precedent; actual language; legal history; context; general and specific; treatment by other courts; legal treatises and other scholarly literature; common law; and other jurisdictions’ statutes. However, the Supreme Court is the final judge in all cases involving laws of Congress, and the U.S. Constitution (National Paralegal College, 2017). It can tell the U.S. President that his/her actions are not allowed or illegal by definition of the Constitution. It can tell Congress and state governments that a law they passed violates the U.S. Constitution and can no longer be consider a
The Supreme Court is allowed to decide the rulings for this country, but the thought is that they should only make decisions within the legal scope of the United States even if they happen to parallel foreign or international law. It is noted that those with this view tend to lean on the more conservative, Republican side. The Republican National Committee, in a piece titled “We the People: A Restoration of Constitutional Government”) states: “subjecting American citizens to foreign laws is inimical to the spirit of the Constitution. … There must be no use of foreign law by U.S. courts in interpreting our Constitution and laws. Nor should foreign sources of law be used in State courts’ adjudication of criminal or civil matters” Representative Tom Feeney, a Florida Republican, even brought up the idea of impeachment for Justice Members of the Court that didn’t act correctly in the ways of the Constitution (“We the People: A Restoration of Constitutional Government”).
Common Law vs. Political Law vs. Scientific Law Americans are no longer aware that there are two kinds of legal systems, political and scientific. America was founded on principles of scientific law. But these principles have now been submerged in today's legal system. What is taught today as law is political law. To understand the difference between a scientific legal system and a political one, it is necessary to know that scientific law developed in the absence of any legislature or Congress or Parliament whatever.
In addition to this, the analysis of law was not considered thoroughly during judicial decisions. Therefore, the court uses backward reasoning where it uses the expected results it wants to deduce to make decisions. Such activities in the justice department have a lot of impediments to the impartiality of judicial system. The rights of the criminal in many instances are affected by the use of such methods to deliver justice. According to Marshall, the legal analysis used to determine the outcome of the courts has reduced since the changes in the judicial system. The rights of the individuals have significantly reduced with the changes in the court system because only the nine judges are privy to the outcome of the court proceedings; they are also not liable to the questions that may be raised about the legality of their
Precedent- Court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases
Here in America, we have essentially two sets of laws. One is the laws that are passed by Congress and the state governments. The other law is the Constitution of the United States. Which do you think is the higher law? The Constitution answers that question for us.
Throughout the years there has been limitless legal cases presented to the court systems. All cases are not the same. Some cases vary from decisions that are made by a single judge, while other cases decisions are made by a jury. As cases are presented they typically start off as disputes, misunderstandings, or failure to comply among other things. It is possible to settle some cases outside of the courts, but that does require understanding and cooperation by all parties involved. However, for those that are not so willing to settle out of court, they eventually visit the court system. The court system is not in existence to cause humiliation for anyone, but more so to offer a helping hand from a legal prospective. At the same time, the legal system is not to be abuse. or misused either.
Justice is a vital part of the American Court System and influenced and continues to influence since the beginning of American history. Structure and organization is an important factor that creates our outstanding court systems. The State and U.S Constitutions are not the only foundation of the court systems, but also that people that work hard to thrive for justice. Today, justice and equality causes the court systems to change and adapt to continue protecting the rights of the people.
The courts have the function of giving the public a chance to present themselves whether to prosecute or defend themselves if any disputes against them rise. It is known to everyone that a court is a place where disputes can be settled while using the right and proper procedures. In the Criminal court is the luxury of going through a tedious process of breaking a law. Once you have been arrested and have to go to court because of the arrest, you now have a criminal case appointed against you. The court is also the place where a just, fair and unbiased trial can be heard so that it would not cause any disadvantage to either of the party involved in the dispute. The parties are given a chance to represent themselves or to choose to have a legal representative, which is mostly preferred by many.
“A Binding Precedent is a decided case which a court must follow even though it is considered to have been wrongly decided…” (Terence Ingman, 2002, Page 420). “A Persuasive Precedent is one which is not absolutely binding on a court but which may be applied” (Terence Ingman, 2002, Page 420) Bromley London Borough Council V Greater London Council (1982), Searose Ltd V Seatrain (UK) Ltd (1981). There are certain elements that Judicial Precedent is dependant upon, they are that the material facts of the case must be the same, the principle must be a proposition of law, it must form part of the Ratio (see below) and that there has to be sufficient and accurate reports of earlier decisions.
There are different types of precedent; original, binding and persuasive. Original precedent is a point of law where a new case that hasn't been decided on in the past. In these cases the judge would look at cases that appear closest, the judge would use the case to reason by. analogy. The.
Law is a tool in society as it helps to maintain social control, promoting social justice. The way law functions in society and its social institution provide a mechanism for solutions. There are many different theories of the function of law in relation to society in considering the insight they bring to different socio-legal and criminological problems. In the discussion of law’s role in social theory, Leon Petrażycki and Eugen Ehrlich share similar beliefs in the jurisprudence of society. They focused their work on the experience of individuals in establishing meaning in their legal relations with others based on the question of what it means to be a participant in law. Jürgen Habermas presents a relationship between law and morality. From a certain standpoint, law is a key steering mechanism in society as it plays an educational role in promoting conducts, a mean of communication and it
The meaning of English Legal System is stated out by Cownie and Bradley in the English Legal System book . There are many sources that build up the English Law as it is today. The main sources of English Law consist of Common Law, parliamentary legislation and delegated legislation. As stated in Gary Slapper & David Kelly’s English Legal System book , there are many different interpretations of the phrase ‘source of law’ where in this book the law is made up of three main sources; where in Martin Hunt’s “A” Level Law , though there are different sources that make up the English law, these sources are differentiated in two main categories with various minor sources.
Courts can only declare law, it cannot create law Introduction What is law? Law refers to set of standardized rules that are binding over the community of people living in a territory over which it is applicable.
According to Reference.com (2007), law is defined as: "rules of conduct of any organized society, however simple or small, that are enforced by threat of punishment if they are violated. Modern law has a wide sweep and regulates many branches of conduct." Essentially law is the rules and regulations that aid in governing conduct, handling disputes, and dealing with criminal actions.
Law is one of the most important elements that transform humans from mere beasts into intelligent and special beings. Law tells us what is right and wrong and how we, humans, should act to achieve a peaceful society while enjoying individual freedoms. The key to a successful nation is a firm, strong, and fair code of high laws that provides equal and just freedom to all citizens of the country. A strong government is as important as a firm code of law as a government is a backbone of a country and of the laws. A government is a system that executes and determines its laws. As much as fair laws are important, a capable government that will not go corrupt and provide fair services holds a vital role in building and maintaining a strong country.