Preventing Falls

Preventing falls in the elderly is of growing concern. Falls can lead to serious consequences such as fractures, fear of further falls, and loss of confidence (Breimaier, Halfens, & Lohrmann, 2015). These consequences have the possibility to significantly decrease the quality of life in a previously physically and socially active elderly individual. Discovering the most effective fall prevention strategy for the elderly population is a priority in healthcare. In reviewing the literature, various studies on the interventions and the perceptions of nurses for preventing falls in the elderly were examined in various settings such as the community, nursing homes, hospitals, and other acute care settings. Nurses can play an essential role in

These factors can contribute to falls in geriatric patients. Previous falls, weakness, gait and balance impairments, and use of psychoactive medications are the strongest and most common risk factors for falls. One in three community dwelling elderly will sustain a fall each year with 24% of those having serious injuries following the fall. There is evidence supporting screening of the population and how screening can help decrease the incidence of falls. One study showed that a patient with four risk factors has a 78% chance of falling (Lee, Lee, & Khang, 2013). One of the most important interventions to prevent falls in the elderly is screening for previous falls, assessing their gait, and reviewing current medications. In ambulatory care settings, a timed up and go test can be performed to observe postural stability, gait, stride length, sway, and step-page. A fall risk factor assessment should also be performed. If a patient has a score of three or more, interventions such as ensuring the call light is in reach, elimination of barriers, and the use of the bed alarm should be in place. Some interventions to help prevent falls are assistance with walking, using a cane or walker, managing foot problems, and wearing good supportive shoes. Screening and simple interventions can produce significant results and prevent a tremendous number of