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Oil industry effect on the environment
Impact Of Oil Pollution On Marine Environment
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History
• The Prestige, an oil tanker, was sinking in 2002 caused a large oil spill.
• The spill polluted thousands of kilometres of coastline and more than one thousand beaches on the Spanish and French coast.
• The Prestige was carrying more than 77,000 tons of oil cargo from Latvia to Gibraltar.
• one of its twelve tanks burst during a storm off Galicia, in north western Spain.
• The captain requested that the ship be led toward a port of refuge where it could transfer its cargo to another tanker.
• Instead, Spanish authorities used a Dutch salvage ship to tow the Prestige out to sea, in order to protect ecologically-sensitive coasts.
• However, pressure from local authorities forced the captain to steer the embattled ship away from the coast and head northwest.
• Reportedly after pressure from the French government, the vessel was once again forced to change its course and head southwards into Portuguese waters in order to avoid endangering France's southern coast.
• Fearing for its own shore, the Portuguese authorities promptly ordered its navy to intercept the ailing vessel and prevent it from approaching further.
Galicia or Galiza is an autonomous community of Spain, made up of the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra. It is located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Portugal to the south, the Spanish regions of Castile and León and Asturias to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west.
19 November 2002
• At around 8:00 AM , the ship split in half, and sank completely that same afternoon releasing over 20 million gallons of oil into the sea.
• After the sinking, the wreck continued leaking oil. It leaked approximately 125 tons of oil a day affected the Atlantic coast from Vigo in Spain to Brest in France .
• The Nautilus submarine filled in many of the cracks, but the ship continues to leak.
• At that time, the oil tanker was to be about 250 kilometers from Spanish Coast.
• It is estimated that 37,000 tons of fuel oil remain in the tanker.
• The vessel will continue to leak fuel for years, unless the oil was removed from the vessel.
• The Greek captain Apostolos Mangouras was taken into custody, accused of not co-operating with salvage crews and of harming the environment.
• There is 64,000 tons of fuel oil were spilled in the incident.
• The affected area is not only a very important ecological region, supporting coral reefs and many species of sharks and birds, but it also supports the crucial fishing industry.
From the beginning to end, the ships had to go through many changes in order to accommodate all of the cargo. The first ships used suffered greatly in the African water because they were wooden. As time passed the ships were modified for the journeys. For example, copper was added to help fight against shipworms. Rediker mentions in the book the details of how the ship is built and he even includes the measurements of the wood used and the supplies needed. Shortly after explaining this, he mentions the beatings some of the crew had to take if they were to mess up any part of the ship.
The goal of these two refugees is to be picked up by the United States Coast Guard and be brought back to American soil. On the fifth day, the see another ship, but it’s not that of the Coast Guard. Commodore paddles ferociously, so as to not be seen by what he perceives to be a Cuban vessel. To loose weight and travel faster, he instructs his partner to toss over his bag of books.
Consequently, in order to avoid any disruption in its trade, survivability, and to forestall any invasion; Britain was forced to issue a similar orders in council-which forbids trade with France unless such vessel stops at a British port and gets ...
boats to all the places so they could get more information on how to get home to
Because of BP oil spill all business around coastal beaches suffers a lot which are only depend on tourism and fishing. This destruction not only cause health problem, but also be responsible for millions of dollars in lost revenue.
Ship out to sea – had doubts but sent it out anyways (avoided error). James belief would react differently following the method of knowing the truth- which could have drove to the decision of either (passionate about either the welfare of the passengers or the destination of the cargo) depending on ones individual ethic. Despite the doubts of the boats safety- ship owner muted the ideas with past events of successful trips-on insufficient evidence. The authority of the mechanic over the authority of communal rumors.
The Exxon Valdez was the largest offshore oil spill in the U.S. until the BP oil spill. The Exxon Valdez spill released over 10 million gallons of oil into the Pacific Ocean. The spill effected over 1,100 ...
British Petroleum (“BP”) is the company that is being blamed for the incident. Employing 80,000 people, BP is an international oil company that puts different technology to use for finding oil and gas under the Earth’s surface. One of the oilrigs, Deepwater Horizon has drilled 35,000 ft. making it to be the deepest drilling of oil and gas (Walsh). Deepwater Horizon was drilling in the Gulf of Mexico about 52 miles southeast of Venice on Louisiana's tip. After the explosion, helicopters searched for 11 crewmembers that reported missing. 17 people were injured (BP Internal Investigation Team). A day later, the rig was found upside down (BP Oil Spill Timeline). The cost to clean up the damage is approximately $760 million (Walsh).
Clean water involves seclusion of lakes and hoping the acid rain does not reach these pure water supplies. Another major source of contaminating clean water are oil spills and how destructively they blanket the shoreline they come in contact with. Although offshore drilling expeditions contribute some to the devastating outcome, oil tankers are the superior enemies toward the water. One estimate is that for every one million tons of petroleum shipped one ton is spilled. The largest super tanker spill was in 1979 when 3.3 million barrels was spilled off the coast of France. The largest in the United States was the Exxon Valdez in the gulf of Alaska. On the night of March 24, 1989 the 987 foot Exxon Valdez ran aground in the gulf of Alaska spilling 260,000 barrels of oil. With the help of the forceful winds, the slick soon covered about 1,100 miles of shoreline, including many islands in the sound.
into cargo containers which were then transported primarily to New York from San Juan's Munóz
After the collision, six watertight compartments began filling with water. Soon, water spilled over the tops. Scientists have concluded that the watertight compartments contributed to the disaster by keeping the flood waters in the bow of the ship [Gannon, 1995].
Swift, W.H, . C.J. Touhill, W.L. Templeton, and D.P. Roseman. 1969. Oil spillage prevention, control, and restoration—state of the art and research needs. Washington, D.C.: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
A few weeks after the explosion, investigations began. First to explore the tragic scene was the United Stats Naval Court of Inquiry, located in Key West. They discovered that a naval mine caused the explosion. Researchers, Del Peral and De Salas conducted another investigation the same year and collected information given to them by surviving...
In the three months that it took to finally put a stop to the leak, 4.9 million barrels of oil were released into the ocean. The spill caused considerable damage to marine and wildlife habitats and the Gulf’s fishing and tourism industries. The White House energy advisor, Carol Browner, goes as far as to say that the Deepwater oil spill is the “worst environmental disaster the US has faced”. The Gulf of Mexico oil spill has had an extremely negative effect on the surrounding wildlife and ecosystem. Oil spreads across the gulf, contaminating any living organism that comes into direct or indirect contact with it.
where goods are thrown overboard in a storm for the purposes of saving a ship,