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Forensic science and scientific method
Forensic science and scientific method
Forensic science and scientific method
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Lovas JGL, in 1986 conducted a study, apoptosis in human epidermis by electron microscopy, on skin samples excised from the middle of the medial aspect of the upper arm of m106 consecutive autopsy cases. The time interval between death and biopsy was less than 24 hours in all but three cases. The tissue was fixed overnight in, the tissues were stained Thick sections for light microscopic (LM) survey were stained with toluidine-blue. Thin sections for EM were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a Zeiss EM 109 transmission electron microscope. He observed Apoptotic keratinocytes in 95 of the 106 cases. Electron microscopic study of 25 EM blocks of 18cases revealed seven AKs. …show more content…
Linch CA, Prahlow JA, conducted a study on 2001 , Post-mortem Microscopic Changes Observed at the Human Head Hair Proximal End, in Dallas County Institute of Forensic Sciences, in the 22 postmortem cases. Cases were selected where an approximate time of death was known or could be determined from reviewing medical investigator reports. Hair proximal ends were photographed with a Zeiss compound microscope and observed. And he concluded that postmortem hair proximal end morphologic changes appear to be relatively specific for the decomposition process, but the timing of their appearance is not helpful in determining post-mortem …show more content…
Bardale RV, Tumram NK, Dixit PG, Deshmukh AY, conducted a study at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, from March to April 2010. The study consists of 30 human cadavers comprising 24 male and 6 female, and their age ranged from 15 to 64 years. All samples were observed under light microscopy. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H and E) and Periodic acid-Schiff (alcian-PAS). The skin samples were observed for the following: epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. And they observed the following
Roach lists strange but helpful uses of human cadavers that benefit humankind in the long run. In the first chapter, as previously stated, Roach observes a face anatomy and face lift refresher course, in which surgeons use cadaver heads. This is an example of how cadavers are often used to practice different types of surgical operations, even cosmetic surgery (Roach 24). Cadavers also benefit the science of criminal forensics, in which their decay process is studied and used for different components of analyzing a crime, such as time of death. Researches place cadavers in different environments and observe the stages of biological and chemical decay and how different environments affect the decay process (Roach 61). To pinpoint the time of death, researchers analyze the body temperature, smell, the potassium level of the gel inside the eyes, insect infestation, and other entomological factors (Roach 62). Another beneficial use for human cadavers includes impact studies, such as a car crash. For the past sixty years, human cadavers have helped scientists understand and study human tolerance limits for violent injuries a human body can get from car crashes, such as skull slammings and chest skewerings. These studies and experiments allow automobile manufacturers design cars that, in the event of a crash, protect the person as much as possible and keep them safe (Roach 87). This results in safer windshields and steering wheels that aim to protect the chest and brain, the main culprits of car crash fatalities (Roach 89). One of the most extraordinary concept that Roach investigates is the live (beating heart) cadaver. Beating heart cadavers are alive by every means except the brain. The cadaver has perfectly functioning organs and a pulse, but is ultimately brain dead. Doctors utilize the cadaver’s functioning organs, such as the kidneys,
Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(1):124–125. Puchenkova, S. G. (1996). "
Just because a hair is found at the scene doesn’t mean that it belongs to the perpetrator. It is important to take Locard’s Principle into account, “The microscopic debris that cover our bodies are the mute witnesses... of all our movements and all our encounters.” (Robertson, 7.2) When you come into contact with something or someone, there is always a transfer, even if it isn’t noticeable. There are different types of transferring, primary and secondary. Primary transfer is when something transfers from you to another source. When someone comes into contact with that source, there is a chance that your hair or fiber transfers onto the other person. This is secondary transfer. Because humans shed hair frequently, it is easy for hair to go through secondary transfer and end up somewhere that the individual had never been. Hair can remain on a source for a couple hours without being transferred and it does not break down very easily, so this can remain in place for a long time. (Robertson,
...ons in the size and distribution of the major collagen fibrils of the dermis. J Invest Dermatol. 108(3):241-7 [PubMed: 9036918] Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9036918
The hyperplasia foci can be seen as early as 2 months, as depicted by the histological picture. The number of cells with hyperplasia is then
Hair is considered one of the components of the integumentary system, along with the skin, nails, glands and nerves. Mammalian hair has many functions including protection from environmental factors and the ability to disperse sweat gland products such as pheromones. Almost every part of the human body is covered by hair except for the palms, hands and bottoms of the feet. On average, every person has about five million hairs; each of these hairs is born from a follicle or tiny tube-like structure that grows into the dermis layer of the skin. Oftentimes this follicle even reaches the subcutaneous layer, which is made of fat and connective tissue. (UXL Complete Health Research, 2001)
The blood of the unknown person became apparent through comparing the blood type found at the crime scene with the contrasting blood types of the suspects. The blood identified at the crime scene could have possibly belonged to Anna Garcia or Erica Piedmont. This observation was based on the information that the blood type found at the crime scene was type A and these two individuals are the only ones that carry that specific type. In similarity, a microscopic photography was taken of the unknown hair follicle found at the crime scene. Then hair samples were taken from the potential suspects, and the victim. These findings were then compared. This was done by looking at each individuals hair follicles and comparing it with the unknown one. By looking at the similarities and differences in medulla diameter, the discovery of the unknown hair follicle became established that it belonged to Anna Garcia. Further examination resulted in the analyzation of a shoe print found at the crime scene. Shoe patterns and sizes were taken from each suspect, including the victims. They were then identified and compared to the one found at the crime scene. By looking at the distinct pattern, size, and the fact that both shoes were a Columbia brand sneaker it became obvious that the shoe print was extremely similar to Anna’s shoe design. Through this found evidence it became
Basal Cell Carcinoma often abbreviated as (BCC) is the most frequently appearing form of skin cancer. They are also referred to as Basal Cell Cancer. It was discovered along the way as skin cancer was being treated as different types with no specific period. The BCCs’ are uncontrolled growths that normally arise in the skin’s basal cells. These cells lie in the deepest layer of the epidermis which is the outermost layer of the skin. BCC’s are normally caused by a combination of two things; one is cumulative UV exposure and the other is intense occasional UV exposure. The most vulnerable, according to a research done, tend to be people with fair hair, blue eyes and fair skin and this is because they tend to burn easily. The BCCs’ may first appear as a small white flesh or a colored bump that may bleed. Other normal appearances may look like open sores, red patches on the skin, pink growths, shiny bumps or scars. 80% of Basal Cell Carcinoma cases are mainly found in the head and neck that is the body parts that are mainly exposed to the sun. The nose also tends to be most vulnerable and according to a recent study done, 40% of BCC that were diagnosed on the head and neck were adjacent to the nose.
Sauer, N. J. (1998). The timing of injuries and manner of death: distinguishing among antemortem, perimortem and postmortem trauma. Forensic Osteology, 2nd edition Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 321-332.
Once a crime has been committed the most important item to recover is any type of evidence left at the scene. If the suspect left any Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at the crime scene, he could then be linked to the crime and eventually charged. A suspect’s DNA can be recovered if the suspect leaves a sample of his or her DNA at the crime scene. However, this method was not always used to track down a suspect. Not too long ago, detectives used to use bite marks, blood stain detection, blood grouping as the primary tool to identify a suspect. DNA can be left or collected from the hair, saliva, blood, mucus, semen, urine, fecal matter, and even the bones. DNA analysis has been the most recent technique employed by the forensic science community to identify a suspect or victim since the use of fingerprinting. Moreover, since the introduction of this new technique it has been a la...
Materials that were used during this “Hair Evidence Lab” included: a microscope, hand lens, tweezers, white paper, cover slips, and sliders. I took a tweezer to pull out a strand of my hair. I tried to pull out one that had a root on it. I then put my strand of hair on the white paper. I had to use white paper because my hair is black and dark. After putting my strand of hair on the white paper, I then put it on a slider. After that, I put the coverslip on top. I then proceded by looking at it on a microscope. I was given a “Hair Evidence Lab” paper, before even putting the microscope on any power. I had to look through the microscope to see what the root of my hair looked like.
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
... In the next portion of my ten page paper, I will explore the other topics stated in my thesis. My final paper will merely be a continuation of the topics that I have written about in this paper. I will explore and go into depth with the topic of human embalmment and its significance to the work of modern medicine today. I would also like to compare modern day embalment for funerals with embalment rituals used in Ancient Egypt.
It has been found that the decomposition process is best divided into five stages: fresh stage, bloated stage, decay stage, post-decay stage, and remains. The fresh stage starts the moment the individual died and lasts until bloating can be observed. The bloated stage is usually within two to seven days after death. Putrefaction begins at this stage and the gases produced from bacteria cause...
Histopathological samples are examined in vivo where the relationship between the cells is maintained and observable. These can be cross sections of small organs or slices of larger ones. This results in a large number of cells being available and their cell-to-cell interactions apparent for examination.