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History and politics of Italy
History and politics of Italy
History and politics of Italy
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The Pope serves as the leading bishop of Rome and the head of the Roman Catholic Church. This role involves dealing with both spiritual and civil matters and can show great power and influence. The reign of Pope Sixtus IV, a 13-year-period, focused mainly on Italian politics and the renovation of the Papacy and Rome, showing his civil power, while he was not heavily involved with spiritual matters. Pope Sixtus IV’s original name was Francesco della Rovere. He was born on July 21, 1414, in Celle Ligure near Savona of the Republic of Genoa to a poor family. His father, who was a cloth cutter, was named Leonardo, and his mother was named Luchina. Francesco entered the monastery at the age of nine where he would begin his studies and vows. He was educated by the Franciscans and studied at Bologna and Padua. After joining the Franciscan Order, he would travel around lecturing and teaching. He developed a strong reputation on his works related to theology and philosophy. This knowledge and understanding helped him become an excellent preacher. He worked his way through different positions in the Franciscan order. The first position he received was general bursar, then he became minister of the province of Genoa. He …show more content…
It was designed by the architect Giovannino de’Dolci and completed on October 27, 1481. The chapel had many painters and architects working on the decoration of it, including a series of scenes painted from the life of Moses and Jesus. The artwork was dedicated on the feast day of the Assumption in 1483. Later, his nephew Pope Julius II improved the chapel by persuading Michelangelo to re-decorate the ceiling. The project was finished in 1513. Michelangelo’s work showed Christian doctrine and the fall of man with ideas from the Italian
The Pope has agreed to help defend the Byzantine Empire! After being appealed to by Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, in 1095, Pope Urban II assembled the Council of Clermont. In order to help the Byzantine Empire and ensure his power over the church he has decided to call for a military expedition to get back the Holy Land.
Pope Urban II was sought by Alexius Comnenus, a Byzantine Emperor who wanted the papacy to help his army hold off the advancing Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor. The reason for Alexius Comnenus contacting the pope rather than another emperor or monarch wasn’t just the fact they were secular, but because the pope would have more power to persuade the people. The Gregorian movement in 1050-80 was ultimately was responsible for the new instilled power of the papacy’s position over nonreligious rulers. The pope agreed to aid the Byzantine emperor, but he also had his own agenda when it came to the military advances and the new power of his position. The papacy did not intend to only help the Byzantine Empire but to further save all of Christendom from being overrun.
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church. This is something that started right after the death of Jesus. When Jesus resurrected, he said to St. Peter, “Feed my lambs.... Tend my sheep.... Feed my sheep.” This command given to Peter made him the head of the apostles, henceforth, making him the first Pope. Peter would rule for approximately 34 years, and when he died he was succeeded by St. Linus. The tradition of serving as Pope until death was started by Peter and has been carried on for centuries. Since Peter, there have been 264 Popes and very few have not stayed in power until their death. Most recently, and most commonly known, is Pope Benedict XVI. As the successor of John Paul II, Benedict chose to step down due to old age. Despite this, Pope Benedict did great things during his papacy.
In 1480, the famous Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino was commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV to create the most beautiful fresco for one of the walls of the Sistine Chapel
...aul II had a different way of leading he was strong and spoke his mind on issues involving the world and church. Pope John XXIII did not get to see his impact on the church. He started to get the ball rolling by calling for Vatican II. Unlike Pope John XXIII, Pope John Paul II had a direct impact on the church by going out into the world and seeing the impact he had on it. Both ways of their very different styles of leadership worked because they both followed Lowney’s Four Pillars: Understanding one’s strengths, weaknesses, values and world view, Confidently innovating and adapting to embrace a changing world, Engaging others in a positive, loving attitude, and Energizing oneself and others with heroic ambition. These Four Pillars made both of these leaders remembered as some of the best which is why they will be canonized by Pope Francis on April 27th this year.
In 1520, the first Medici pope, Leo X, son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, passed the Medici project to Michelangelo, who was at the time working under pressure on his designs for the façade of San Lorenzo, the Medici Church. Michelangelo had constructed a wooden model of the projected design in the end of 1526. Michelangelo was worried about taking on the new commission, which would involve designing the Chapel with all the monuments. The construction had to match Brunelleschi’s Sacristy on the other side of the transept in the Basilica of San Lorenzo. He wanted everything about the new building; the appearance, supporting elements, conception of space, architectonic decoration and ornament, to be original and unexpected.
In April 1508 Pope Julius II hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (McNeese 87). The Sistine Chapel was where major papal ceremonies took place (Summers 11). Although Julius II just wanted Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the chapel Michelangelo had bigger ideas. By 1513, Michelangelo had around 340 figures on the ceiling of the chapel.
The Pope is the leader of the Catholic Church, and the most powerful person in the clergy, and has been in both the Medieval Ages and today. He lived a life of great wealth and influence as a compared with the kings. However, just as any other human, the Pope was tempted with corruption; some more than others. Fortunately, the corruption came to an end because of people, such as, Martin Luther, who challenged the medieval papacy. However, questions still rise over their power. Why were the popes so influential in medieval times?
The Vatican is an independent, land-locked religious city-state located near the Western coast of central Italy. It officially became a country in 1939 as a result of the Lateran Treaty. Only about 300 people live in the tiny walled city, making up about half of the official population. The foremost citizen of the Vatican is the Pope, a religious and governmental leader who has great political sway and control over large undisclosed amounts of wealth. In addition, the group of Cardinals who elected the Pope also lives within the city. The remaining citizens that live within the tiny walled city are members of the Swiss Guard, a group of mercenaries who protect the Pope. Only about half of the official population lives within the city; the rest serve the Vatican as official representatives in foreign countries.
After serving in several parishes and becoming a well-known religious face in Poland, St. John Paul II became the bishop of Ombi. During the six year time period that his holiness was the Bishop of Ombi, he achieved one of his life’s major accomplishments: he became one of the leading thinkers on the Vatican II council. While he was on the Vatican II council, John Paul contributed to two very important documents: The Decree on Religious Freedom and The Pastoral Constitution on the Church.... ... middle of paper ...
Gregory X, for the most part, wanted to save the Holy Land. He did a lot more that is highly respected, but the crusades and his yearning to save the Holy Land was most remembered. Author of this memoir, Bishop Bruno of Olmutz, wrote “it was just as important to defend the Church in Eastern Europe from attack by pagans and schismatics, as it was to recover the Holy Land; otherwise, wishing to avoid Charybdis, the Christians would fall prey to Scylla.” (Housley). The crusades definitely should’ve been preached to further Christian cause in Eastern Europe, but the Church was under much danger and needed to be defended too. Gregory X is important to the history of the papacy because not only of what he has done and accomplished, but what he has not done too. Every pope there was that goes back to when St. Peter was chosen, has been recorded and studied. There is evidence of every pope there was. The author of this memoir believes that Gregory X is important to the papacy because the Church must always be defended along with the Holy
The medieval Roman Catholic church was extremely powerful and influential through their taxes and ability to control peoples beliefs and religious ideas. The Church acted as a sort of over-lord to the monarchs of the European Christendom, encouraging and in some cases forcing rulers to act by their will and influencing the citizens of the country. The Pope gave himself the power to bestow the power of Holy Roman Emperor, a position which gave the emperor power over a large area of Europe. This ability gave the Pope power over the emperor therefore making the Pope ultimate leader of the continent. Because of all the Popes abilities, the Church became an extremely significant institute and force in the middle ages. Although the church is not nearly as powerful as it was, the remnants of its most powerful times can still be found today.
First, there were the ordinary believers, the citizens of the kingdom who followed the Christian faith. Then there was the clergy, the members who devoted their lives to the church. Each group of the clergy was assigned specific functions by the clergy nobles to help run the Church competently. Amongst all the clergy associates, the Pope was at the top, he had the equivalent if not more power than the ruling monarch and was in charge of all political affairs and administered the clergy. He was able to dictate political laws and even comment on the monarch’s decisions.
Pope Francis I is the current Pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected to the title of Pope on March 13, 2013 after the retirement and abdication of Pope Benedict XVI on February 28, 2013. Pope Francis was born as Jorge Mario Bergoglio on December 17, 1936 in the neighborhood of Flores in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Both of Pope Francis’ parents were immigrants to Argentina from Italy. Mario José Bergoglio, his father, arrived from in Argentina at the age of 21from Italy’s Piedmont region and pursued a job as an accountant for the railroads. After arriving he met Regina María Sívori, Pope Francis’ mother, and the two of them got marries six years later. The couple had five children, including Pope Francis. Maria Elena is his only living sibling.
Perhaps no other event was as influential to the rise of papacy in Rome as the decline of the Roman empire. With the decline of the empire, the church became the last refuge of stability. Without the protection of the empire, Rome was subject to poverty, disrepair, and attack from enemies.1 The rise of the papacy was a response to this situation. It was further cemented by the leadership of such men as Leo I and Gregory I, the latter sometimes referred to as the father of the medieval papacy.2 Finally, the granting of lands and authority to the bishop of Rome greatly increased the power of the Roman church.3