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The causes of inequality in health care
The causes of inequality in health care
The causes of inequality in health care
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Poor Economics Chapter 3 While reading chapter three of Poor Economics, by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, the writers explore how health care is perceived in the poor communities and explain their perception of the ordeal. The term “low hanging fruit” is used throughout the chapter to describe a low cost health care (preventative medicines and cheap care). Some of the “low hanging fruits,” as described by Baerjee and Duflo, are bed nets implemented in regions affected by Malaria and ORS salt to treat diarrhea. These “low hanging fruits’” however, are not being used as much because the poor choose to turn to more expensive medications once they fall ill. For example, within the poor communities, people tend to shy away from vaccinations or choose not to complete them. Such vaccinations that are needed to protect the community. Another example of underutilization within the poor communities is the failure to use chlorine to disinfect water. Clean water is a major key- player in health. …show more content…
Three measures are discussed in the chapter, which all can lead to healthier lifestyles of individuals.
However, Banerjee and Duflo concluded that the poor shy away from free or cheap health care tools. This was further examined and concluded that the poor like utilizing the more expensive and private health care tools and methods; even though a cheaper version is provided/ accessible. Reasons for this conclusion are: availability of doctors, uneducated individual, suffering from a universal ailment, (In the chapter, it is mentioned that poor people focus more on the present than the future) procrastination, and time and
commitment. The authors state, “Of the 9 million children who die before their fifth birthdays…roughly one in five dies of diarrhea (42).” This statement is followed by the effects of chlorine packages and ORS salt. Chlorine packages are only used by ten percent of people in Zambia. Also, ORS salt is only used in one-third of children under five in India. The authors then create a relationship between these two statistics by assuming that of the one in five children who die of diarrhea, the families made a choice not to utilize these measures. Throughout the chapter Banerjee and Duflo assume that the mothers are the care takers. However, this thesis would have been strengthened by explaining family background. For example, “children with diarrhea receive (or lack thereof) medication because the mother’s influence on the household.” Regardless, the thesis stated by Banerjee and Duflo is a logical explanation for underutilization of cheap health care. The thesis of chapter three is fascinating; much like AIDS, people are not protecting themselves, condoms are very cheap or free, yet people with AIDS don’t utilize this preventative measure as widely as they should either. Overall, this chapter presents relevant data regarding the effects of cheap health care measures. I agree with the authors in this chapter. However, I do think that family history and background play a role in care taking. I would choose to apply a mandatory law for bet nets and water decontamination and provide cheap or free health care classes for the poor.
In chapter 2, of Essentials of the U.S Health Care System, Shi and Singh both talk about focusing on determinants to improve health. Having adequate health insurance for everyone is a great start to improving one’s health, but the bigger issue is addressing the needs of the people who have low income or the needs for different ethnic groups. In the documentaries, Bad Sugar, Becoming American, Collateral Damage and In Sickness and In Wealth, they all touched on social determinants. It did not matter if you lived in the United States, a third world country or a reservation, they all expressed a need the can better their health.
As Paul Farmer pursues to bring health care to impoverished nations, he builds the health care systems, is able to provide services for ones living in poverty, and speaks about the improved health care system in Cuba. While watching Paul Farmer’s interview, he made it clear that giving impoverished nations health care will benefit them all. He says, “Is
The Island of Mocha in the video is an example of a traditional economic system evolving into a market system. Every person plays a key role in this traditional system. They had fisherman, coconut collector, melon seller, lumberman, barber, doctor, preacher, brownies seller, and a chief. The Mochans got sick of trading goods all across the island just to get the things that they want or needed. The Chief decided that they would use clam shell for currency instead of trading.
Throughout history, many different types of economic models and theories have been developed. These different philosophies of business often were an important and integral part of a government’s basic structure. For example communist countries like China and the Soviet Union practiced a type of socialism. While, democratic nations like the United States and Canada practice forms of capitalism. Also within these economic models exists different theories as well such as Keynsian economics and laissez faire economics. To understand how these types of economies work in the world today, it is important to study and define a variety of economic systems. Researching such economic systems as capitalism and socialism, and also looking at the ideas of laissez faire and the Keynsian economics, a person will start to have a better understanding of how business works in the world today.
Poverty is a tremendous problem in the United States. Unfortunately, many of the families who are living in poverty have much more difficulty finding good jobs than those who are not. In The Working Poor, by David Shipler, there are many different circumstances that cause people to get to that point. Many of those in poverty have too many barriers in their way for them to be able to rise above the poverty line and support themselves. Some circumstances that cannot be avoided like disabilities or being born into a poor household can create biases that make it more difficult to get employment. Seeing what causes many to become impoverished and how some people were able to rise above the poverty line may be beneficial to others and possibly prevent
“Malnutrition, neonatal diseases, diarrhoea and pneumonia are the major causes of death. Poor rural states are particularly affected by a dearth of health resources.”(doc V) Those who live in rural areas are unable to receive proper health care because of the lack of health resources. This is a sign of discrimination because the rural states are particularly affected, compared to wealthy states are less affected by the illnesses which torment the poor, yet they are still the ones that receive the most help. The government is not building enough health resources and those that are built are not put in the poor rural areas. The poor are denied health care and hospitals simply because they are poor. And without hospitals to cure the sick and impoverished, they fall deeper into poverty. “Life in an Indian slum was never easy, but for Hiraman Ram, a migrant construction worker, it has recently become a lot harder. 5 months ago, the father-of-three was hospitalised with an intestinal infection, and had to cover the expensive treatment from his own pocket. He has since been unable to work, and the family has been pushed deeper into poverty. "We now survive on borrowed money and other people's goodwill",” Hiraman Ram’s sickness caused his family to go further into poverty. The family had to spend all of their money on treatment and all of their time on taking care of the father. They
Physicians hold responsibilities to their personal patients, but also responsibilities to the patient populations for whom they are held accountable (Rhodes, Francis & Silvers, 2007). Additionally, they are expected to advance and support the growth of medical science. Nevertheless, the most recent criticism has been accorded to the allocation of resources. As much as physicians are appropriate or designated communal resource custodians, they need to be conscious of the quality or cost of medical care. The American healthcare system is badly broken, we are in the grip of a very bid industry that will never stop making money. The healthcare aspect of today economy depends on the financial aspect. You cannot get or receive medical care without insurance. Some people are offered free healthcare which tax payers pay for. This help people who or poor, low income or middle class however. I will write about why the healthcare industry is such a financial burden to poor, middle class and pre-condition people. How the medical industry charge $1,500 for 5 minutes for someone to put a needle in you but $15 for 45 minutes for someone to exam
Cambodia is the low-income country since I lived there. I felt sad about those women that didn’t have money when they want to give the childbirth in the hospital. Most of the hospital and health care center don’t help women to deliver the child, they refuse them (don’t care about the poor pregnant women). According to Anne Ball that VOA’s Men Kimseng reported the issue about “more than 1,000 Cambodian women die each year during pregnancy or childbirth. That is down almost 50 percent compared to the number 15 years ago.” (1) the maternal mortality rate is 170 increased to 900 deaths for 100,000 live births. In addition, The United Nations Foundation, UNICEF (United Nations International Children 's Emergency Fund) said that children whose mothers have died during childbirth because they lack medical care, mainly in emergencies. (1) There is a lack of instructed medical staff through the country. In the latest report, UNICEF said: “even when mothers can access healthcare, overall quality of care is deficient.” (1) It said the tests women face health issues to overcome possible together during and after childbirth. Cambodia government states that during pregnancy, poor women do not have to pay for health care services. However, poor women still have to pay for those
“Free medical services would encourage patients to practice preventive medicine and inquire about problems early when treatment will be light; currently, patients often avoid.” (Messerli)
Poverty is a serious phenomenon that has been widespread all over the world. Although, many charitable organizations like CARE, Action Against Hunger (AAH) or Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN) have operated with a highest enthusiasm to help the indigent, the amount of those have still been increasing significantly in recent years. According to the survey of the United States Census Bureau, the percentage of Americans in poverty rose from 12.2 to 15.9 percent and the proportion skyrocketed from 33.3 million to 48.8 million between 2000 and 2012 (Bishaw, 2013). The indigent are very poor people, including the disabled, beggars, homeless people who live in slums with lacking of insurance, being unemployed and earning underpaid salaries, about 1.25$ a day (Shah, 2011). Many of them are innocent people who face with mishaps that they cannot control. Consequently, they not only affect the society but also impact on development of the young generation. Therefore, the government should be responsible for take care of the indigent as well as supporting them to enhance the standard of living of citizens and maintain the stability of the society.
Having read a number of health in developing countries I chose the health care system in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian health care system was completely foreign to me before. And I felt the challenge to explore an entirely new health care system. The Ethiopian health care I found getting to know how unequal the world's people are in respect of health care. Our health care system problems affect the insignificant if compared to the development of health problems. Developing countries, population growth poses challenges for health care. As well people living in rural areas and health care services and nurses' low level. (The Earth Institute at Columbia University 2013.)
Access to health care in Ethiopia has left many people without proper health care and eventual death. Millions of people living in Ethiopia die because of the lack of access to the health care system; improving the access to the healthcare system in Ethiopia can prevent many of the deaths that occur, but doing so will pose a grueling and challenging task. According to Chaya (2012), poor health coverage is of particular concern in rural Ethiopia, where access to any type of modern health institution is limited at best (p. 1). If citizen of Ethiopia had more accessibility of the healthcare system more individuals could be taught how to practice safe health practices. In Ethiopia where HIV, and maternal and infant mortality rates are sky high, more education on the importance of using the healthcare system and makin...
By the year 2000, 58 million people have been infected by HIV/AIDS and alarming numbers such as 22 million would have already died. And the epidemic continues to spread. HIV/AIDS historically is considered to be one of the longest running worldwide epidemics that we have ever seen, and figures cannot be placed on the true death tolls or estimation of the damage as the cycle still is yet to reach an end (Whiteside 2002). With Africa being the worst hit continent in the world in terms of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the severity of it’s prevalence; one can only begin to question whether HIV/AIDS and poverty and directly connected or the inter-linkages exacerbate one or the other. This paper aims to argue that HIV/AIDS is a manifestation of poverty, and simultaneously poverty contributes to growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Development in response both to poverty reduction and to HIV/AIDS is complicated when both have multi-dimensional and multi-faceted impacts on a society, whether it be social, economic or human development impacts. This paper will argue that pre-existing socio economic conditions within a country such as high levels of poverty, poor sanitation, malnutrition, environmental degradation and poor public healthcare systems and limited access to preventative care are crucial factors in contributing to the transfer of the infection (Pasteur: 2000, Mann: 1999).
Nearly 50,000 people, including 30,000 children, die each day due to poverty-related problems and preventable disease in underdeveloped Countries. That doesn’t include the other millions of people who are infected with AIDS and other incurable diseases. Especially those living in Sub-Saharan Africa (70%), or “the Third-World,” and while we fight to finish our homework, children in Africa fight to survive without food, or clean water. During the next few paragraphs I will give proof that poverty and disease are the two greatest challenges facing under developed countries.
What is Microeconomics? This question was left unanswered when I initially enrolled in this course. Microeconomics is the social science that studies the implications of individual human actions, specifically about how those decisions affect the utilization and distribution of scarce resources. Microeconomics shows how and why different goods have different values, how individuals create more efficient or more productive decisions, and how individuals best coordinate and cooperate with one another. Microeconomics does not try to explain what should happen in a market, but instead only explains what to expect if certain conditions change. For instance, If the price of the new iPhone 8 is higher than the previous model will the consumer buy it? There are several elements that will play into getting an answer for this question, but gives you a general idea of what microeconomics entails.