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Plessy v Ferguson thesis statement
Plessy v. ferguson essay
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Thank you for your consideration, gentlemen of the jury, on this exceedingly significant matter. Gentlemen, why should you, with the responsibility of this man’s fate lying in your hands, imprison and execute him when the law itself from the “knowledge of understanding,” the exact law that you have vowed upon, states that it is a hazardous thing to do? Why should you convict a human being upon misleading evidence which the law itself states is a precarious deed to act upon? Gentlemen of the jury, please reflect upon this, “How do people come up with a date and time to take life from another man?” (Gaines 157). In particular, for a crime that is evident to every individual in this courtroom that the defendant did not commit. How could an individual …show more content…
with the lack of intelligence, the lack of common sense the defendant has plot a murder and a robbery? It is obvious who the real culprits are. The defendant was not the only man in that store during the time of the murder, but just because he was in the wrong place at the wrong time, an innocent bystander to say the least—the only man standing—it automatically makes him guilty. However, say the defendant did execute the felony. Was it well contemplated? I would say not. How could this man—excuse me—incompetent man for lack of more virtuous expression, conceive the thought to perform such transgressions? It is quite evident the defendant could not have acted upon his own thoughts. If anything, he performed upon command. There is not an ounce of intellectual capability within that impenetrable skull. Look. What do you see? Do you envision bravery? Do you perceive nerve? Certainly not. What you are observing gentlemen is a coward. A coward that has no capability or the nerve to assassinate another man. A coward that is incapable of pickpocketing from another individual. Gentlemen of the jury please take a moment and consider this. The state of Louisiana has one motto: “Union, Justice, and Confidence” (“Louisiana State Motto”). One word, minuscule to some, but not to others, lies within the context of that motto: justice. The supremacy employed by law, the principles to maintain unprejudiced treatment in a legal environment. In such a time, Jim Crow laws segregate every white man and white woman from the African American race (“Jim Crow”). Justice is blind in this case! The motto we, as Louisiana citizens, try to uphold is not being advocated. The defendant is being wrongly prosecuted. There is no justice here. No impartiality for the black population. They are granted no entitlement to vote for their superiors of the municipal and state of which they reside. Only one percent of the black population has been eligible to vote over the past several years because of the incredulously insane requirements and poll taxes (Adegbile). Therefore, no black man is entitled to vote for the superiors who determine his fate or receive justice. Is that correct? Did the oath each and every one of you accept state, “It doesn’t matter anymore.
Just do the best you can, but it won’t matter?” (Gaines 66). Gentlemen, please contemplate the result of the Plessy v. Ferguson court case. The court case that ultimately made discrimination and segregation the rule of the land. As a result, it was not prohibited to have divided accommodations for black and white Americans as long as they were “equal” (“The Rise and Fall”). Equal. Nothing segregated is equal. Is that why it does not matter whether this man is executed for a crime he did not commit? Is he not equal to the other individuals in this room? Gentlemen of the jury, it is rather apparent the man who undoubtedly could not recite “The Pledge of Allegiance” if you asked him to or even write his name could not have organized and committed an assassination and robbery. Be lenient! If this man is executed, it will be like depriving his godmother of her precious gemstone. Without her precious gemstone she will start to wither like a flower on a cold, winter night and will no longer be on Earth to radiate her kindheartedness. With this, I leave my final remark using the words of Mahatma Gandhi for they are rather wise, “There is a higher court than courts of justice and that is the court of conscience. It supersedes all other courts” (“Conscience Quotes”). In the end, this case lies within the conscience of one’s soul and his decision based upon that. Thank you all for your
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The purpose of this essay is to compare three very similar cases, the Scottsboro Trials, Brown v. Mississippi, and the fictional trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird; and to prove why the defendant of the third trial never had a chance. Each took place in the rural South in the 1920’s and 30’s and involved the unfair conviction of young black males by all-white juries pressured by the threat of mob violence. Each lacked the evidence sufficient for conviction, most especially for the death penalty. Last, heroes emerged from each trial and made small but solid steps towards equal justice for all.
Throughout history, segregation has always been a part of United States history. This is showed through the relationships between the blacks and whites, the whites had a master-slave relationship and the blacks had a slave-master relationship. And this is also true after the civil war, when the blacks attained rights! Even though they had obtained rights the whites were always one step above them and lead superiority over them continuously. This is true in the Supreme court case “Plessy v. Ferguson”. The Court case ruled that blacks and whites had to have separate facilities and it was only constitutional if the facilities were equal. this means that they also constituted that this was not a violation of the 13th and 14th amendment because they weren 't considered slaves and had “equal” facilities even though they were separate. Even if the Supreme court case “Plessy v. Ferguson” set the precedent that separate but equal was correct, I would disagree with that precedent, because they interpreted
The 14th Amendment of the Constitution states that the State shall not deprive any person equal protection of the laws. When equal protection is guaranteed, the outcome must be fair; in other words, substantive justice must be present. Based on this interpretation, McCleskey v. Kemp should be overturned because McCleskey’s death was a racially biased and unfair outcome that was not constitutionally protected by the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Justice Blackmun wrote in his dissenting opinion that in order for McCleskey to prove his innocence and the presence of a racially discriminatory criminal sentencing procedure, he had to meet a three-factor standard. First, he had to prove he was a member of a group that has historically suffered differential treatment. Second, McCleskey had to establish the extent of this treatment. Last, he had to prove that the process by which the death penalty was chosen was open to racial bias. McCleskey met all three prongs of this standard, and even though the Court’s decision denied his claim that he was not guaranteed equal protection, there is enough evidence to prove the selection process was not racially neutral and that a violation of the 14th Amendment was present. Furthermore, Justice Kennedy’s idea of “evolving standards of decency” in Roper v. Simmons (2005) demonstrates that the growing national consensus is against the death penalty and therefore in favor of equal protection for all persons.
Homer Plessy vs. the Honorable John H. Ferguson ignited the spark in our nation that ultimately led to the desegregation of our schools, which is shown in the equality of education that is given to all races across the country today. “The Plessy decision set the precedent that ‘separate’ facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were ‘equal’” (“The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow”). The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson not only illuminated the racial inequality within our education system, but also brought to light how the standard of ‘separate but equal’ affected every aspect of African American lives.
Capital punishment and bias in sentencing is among many issue minorities faced for many years in the better part of the nineteen hundreds. Now it continues to spill into the twenty first century due to the erroneous issues our criminal justice system has caused many people to suffer. In the book Just Mercy authored by Bryan Stevenson, Stevenson explains many cases of injustice. Stevenson goes into details of numerous cases of wrongfully accused people, thirteen and fourteen year olds being sentenced to death and sentences of life without parole for children. These issues Stevenson raises bring to question whether the death penalty is as viable as it should be. It brings to light the many issues our criminal justice system has today. There
Racial discrimination has been an immense problem in our society for a very long time. The fact that the race of a victim plays a role in his or her sentencing is appalling. Discrimination within our society needs to come to an end. It’s frightening to think that if you are a minority facing a capital punishment case, which you might be found guilty only because of the color of your skin.
The one thing about this argument, though, if it were valid, it would not show that capital punishment is never proportionate and just, but only that it is very rarely so. The implication of this argument is not that we ought to do away with capital punishment altogether, nor that we ought to restrict it to those cases of murder where the murderer had warned the victim weeks or months in advance of what he was going to do, but we ought to reexamine the procedure of carrying out this kind of
.guilty. . .guilty. . .guilty. . .” (211). By using only four guilty’s, Lee is able to demonstrate that the word of two white people has a greater effect than that of an African American even though the man who was put up for his life had not harmed, nor had he ever damaged anything he came into contact with.
The death penalty, a subject that is often the cause of major controversy, has become an integral part of the southern justice system in recent years. The supporters and opponents of this issue have heatedly debated each other about whether or not the death penalty should be allowed. They back their arguments with moral, logical, and ethical appeals, as seen in the essays by Ed Koch and David Bruck. Although both authors are on opposite sides of the issue, they use the same ideas to back up their argument, while ignoring others that they don’t have evidence for. Koch and Bruck’s use of moral, logical, and ethical persuasion enhance both of their arguments and place a certain importance on the issue of the death penalty, making the readers come to the realization that it is more than just life and death, or right and wrong; there are so many implications that make the issue much more 3-dimensional. In dealing with politics and controversial issues such as capital punishment.
This quote provides details of why the finality in the decisions regarding death may not accurately represent the justice the accused deserves. It augments the ultimate overarching point made by Scheck and Rust-Tierney that we should not determine
Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished.
In the early 1950’s, the number of executions sharply declined. Opponents of the death penalty claimed that it violated the Eighth Amendment, which forbids cruel and unusual punishment. Opponents also claimed the death penalty violated the Fourteenth Amendment, which states that all citizens are entitled to equal protection under the law. In early 1972, William Furman was convicted of burglary and murder. While Furman was burglarizing a home, a resident arrived at the scene. Startled, Furman tried to flee, but tripped and fell in the process. The gun Furman was carrying discharged, killing the resident in the process. Furman did not believe he deserved the death penalty. The constitutionality of capital punishment in this circumstance was considered in the supreme co...
The Citizens’ Committee recruited Homer Plessy to purposefully violate one of Louisiana’s segregation laws. Homer Plessy was arrested in New Orleans due to a violation of the “separate-car law”. He tried to appeal through the state courts to the Supreme Court but he lost. The “separate but equal” decision against him made consequences for civil rights throughout the United States (Homer Plessy). This allowed segregation anywhere in the United States as long as the facility provided for both races was “equal”. The Committee used this tactic in order to get rid of segregation laws in Louisiana.
Race plays a large factor in showing how you are viewed in society. Although there is no longer slavery and separate water fountains, we can still see areas of our daily life clearly affected by race. One of these areas is the criminal justice system and that is because the color of your skin can easily yet unfairly determine if you receive the death penalty. The controversial evidence showing that race is a large contributing factor in death penalty cases shows that there needs to be a change in the system and action taken against these biases. The issue is wide spread throughout the United States and can be proven with statistics. There is a higher probability that a black on white crime will result in a death penalty verdict than black on black or white on black. Race will ultimately define the final ruling of the sentence which is evident in the racial disparities of the death penalty. The amount of blacks on death row can easily be seen considering the majority of the prison population is black or blacks that committed the same crime as a white person but got a harsher sentence. The biases and prejudices that are in our society relating to race come to light when a jury is selected to determine a death sentence. So what is the relationship between race and the death penalty? This paper is set out to prove findings of different race related sentences and why blacks are sentenced to death more for a black on white crime. Looking at the racial divide we once had in early American history and statistics from sources and data regarding the number of blacks on death row/executed, we can expose the issues with this racial dilemma.
Who are we, any of us, to decide whether or not the man standing next to us, murderer or otherwise, is “no longer fit to be among us”? Capital punishment is used for such crimes as treason, murder, terrorism, kidnapping, and even for perjury causing the execution of an innocent person. It has been debated for years, whether or not the death penalty is just. And over two-thirds of the countries in the world have disallowed any form of government from practicing the death penalty. In the Eighth Amendment of our Constitution it is stated that cruel and unusual punishments, such as death, shall not be inflicted upon a man. The insertion of this small statement in one of the documents that our country was built upon is proof of man’s ability to recognize that there is indeed a line to be crossed when it comes to punishment. Yet somehow, man’s actions show a complete disregard for this part of our Constitution.