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Human body systems and their functions
Human body systems and their functions
Human body systems and their functions
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There are over 7 billion people in the world today. Each one of us has the same basic template: a set of arms and legs, one heart, two eyes, two ears, etc., but with infinite variations, no two people are identical. From the findings of anatomy and physiology, the human body consists of six levels of structural complexity. It begins with the microscopic level of atoms and molecules to the largest level, the organism level. Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and physiology is the study of the functions of the human body. They are two different studies, but anatomy and physiology are closely related and correspond with each other. With such close relations, both sciences are often studied together for an effective learning. …show more content…
C.), was said to be “the father of anatomy.” One of the most contentious occurrences in history is that Herophilus, along with his colleague, Erasistratus, performed vivisections on living human beings. This controversial event marked the beginning development of human anatomy and became a milestone for future discoveries. He, along with Erasistratus, were the first to analyze the human body which shortly led to the understanding of human organs. Herophilus’ observations consisted of the brain, eye, liver, reproductive organs and the nervous system. He studied the cavities of the brain, which he noted as the center of the nervous system. He would name certain structures based on their shape and many medical terms are constructed with Latin and Greek roots to provide a better exchange of …show more content…
Harvey was also one to disagree with Galen’s texts because according to Galen, blood is formed in the liver and absorbed by the body and flows through the dividing wall of the heart. However, to counter argue, Harvey examined the heartbeat and found the existence of the pulmonary vein. As a result, it lead him to discover that blood was only flowing one way. William Harvey was then given the title “father of modern physiology.” The studies and observation made by Harvey was one of the most important contributions to the medical field. The discovery of blood circulation by Harvey has pushed the study and knowledge of the human anatomy and physiology
The Beauty of Bodysnatching written by Burch Druin is a fascinating biography of Astley Cooper, an English Surgeon, and Anatomist, who gained worldwide fame in support of his contribution to Vascular Surgery and a further area of expertise. The extract gives a reflective insight into Cooper’s contribution to study of Anatomy and medicine. Cooper enjoyed the job of body snatching, which helped him to conduct a series of discoveries that were important for the future study and understanding of Physiology. In the Romantic era, when prettiness or horror was a sensitive matter and extensive concern at that time many physicians discouraged surgery, but Cooper passionately practiced it.
Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Hippocrates. On Airs, Waters, and Places. Trans. Adams, Francis. Ca 400 BC. MS. The Internet Classics Archive: 441 Searchable Works of Classical Literature. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Web. 11 Apr. 2015.
There he inspired many students and tutored them to become professionals in the medical field. Many of these students included Fabricius ab Aquapendente (gave the first clear description of the semi lunar valves of the veins, which later provided many people with a crucial point in his famous argument for circulation of the blood) and Volcher Coiter (described human embryology as well as the comparative osteology of animals and illustrated his own work.... ... middle of paper ...
The science and history of the heart can be traced back as far as the fourth century B.C. Greek philosopher, Aristotle, declared the heart to be the most vital organ in the body based on observations of chick embryos. In the second century A.D, similar ideas were later reestablished in a piece written by Galen called On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body. Galen’s thesis was that the heart was the source of the body’s essential heat and most closely related to the soul. Galen made careful observations of the physical properties of the heart as well. He said “The heart is a hard flesh, not easily injured. In hardness, tension, in general strength, and resistance to injury, the fibers of the heart far surpasses all others, for no other instrument performs such continues, hard work as the heart”(Galen, Volume 1).
"Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine." Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2014.
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition by Eldra Pear Soloman (pgs. 51 and 58)
Following Baum’s reasoning, the Biomedical Model is centred upon the treatment of health problems. For example if a person has a disease or falls ill the Biomedical Model’s focus is towards the body’s physical processes, which includes biochemical, pathological and physiological (Fanany, 2012). This diagnostic approach involves firstly, locating the cause of the illness (the pathogen), and secondly, treating the illness accordingly using Westernised medical interventions (such as drugs or surgery).
Weston, M. D. Know Your Body: The Atlas of Anatomy. Berkeley, CA: Marshall Cavendish Books Limited, 2005
Andreas Vesalius was well known for his dissections in the 1500’s. Growing up in Brussels he was captivated by the anatomy of animals. Throughout his childhood Andreas dissected many small animals trying to uncover life’s mystery. This curiosity regarding anatomy came very naturally, due to the fact that he was born into a family of physicians. Vesalius started his formal education at the University of Louvain; then traveled to Paris to continue his studies in medicine. During his life time, Vesalius was an accomplished physician, and professor of anatomy. He also received his degree as a doctor of medicine at the age of twenty-two. Vesalius writings and teachings set the foundation of anatomy we know today, hence why he received the title; founder of modern anatomy.
Many great inventions have been made through research in biomedical engineering, for example, genetic engineering, cloning, and insulin. After insulin has been invented, there are still a lot of problems with the purity and the quantity of the insulin produced. Biomedical engineering devised a way to produce large quantities of insulin with a higher level of purity, which has saved a lot of human lives. Although biomedical engineering just been officially founded 200 years ago, its practice has been with us for centuries. According to The Whitaker Foundation website, 3,000-year-old mummy from Thebes, which uncovered by German archeologists, with a wooden prosthetic tied to its foot to serve as a big toe is the oldest known limb prosthesis and Egyptian listen to the internal of human anatomy using a hollow reed, which is what today’s stethoscope. No matter what the date, biomedical engineering has provided advances in medical technology to improve human health. These advances by biomedical engineering have created a significant impact to our lives. I have determined to become a biomedical engineer. Biomedical engineering will have a good prospect because it will become one of the most important careers in the future.
Alcamo, Edward, and Krumhardt, Barbara. Anatomy and Physiology The Easy Way. Hauppauge, New York.: Barron’s Educational series, inc. 1996
The human body goes through many different reactions and processes that are necessary for humans to live. Chemical reactions by the human body are never seen with the human eye, but it is so vital that these processes are understood. Without this understanding, diseases and disorders can never be resolved or controlled. These processes may be small in size, but have a great deal of impact on the function of the human body.
Anatomy is a study of the structure or internal workings of something and physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. A cosmetologist practice beautifying the face, hair and skin of their clients and a nail tech purpose is to take care of both finger and toenails.
Through the use of the microscope and the discovery of DNA, there were many advances in anatomy and physiology throughout the twentieth century to the present time. However, the early discoveries by Erasistratus and Herophilus as well as the others created a foundation for the future scientists to base their research off of, which impacted where we are today in the field and contributed to the great advances that have been made in anatomy and physiology.