Physiognomy in The Canterbury Tales

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If a person’s appearance is a determinant of the type of person she will be, the actions she will carry out, and the life she will lead, the Wife of Bath takes full advantage of using her gapped tooth as an explanation for who she is and why she does what she does. The entirety of “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue” is an introduction into the Wife of Bath’s life, specifically her romantic relationships. She is under the belief that she has been destined to marry many men and live what many in the Middle Ages would have considered a scandalous lifestyle; nonetheless, she is neither repentant for her actions nor is she willing to stop any time soon. In Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the subject of physiognomy, which suggests that the presence of specific physical characteristics may predispose a person to perform certain behaviors, carry particular personality traits, and exemplify specific stations in life, is represented by the Wife of Bath and the presence of two conspicuously gapped teeth, which she believes justify her penchant for marriages, remarriages, an open attitude toward sexuality, and a strong female archetype uncommon during the period.
The Wife of Bath would not be considered a prudent person by any means, especially considering the social customs of the Middle Ages that required women to be chaste and obedient. Despite these social conventions, she is sure of herself. The Wife of Bath introduces herself and a few of her numerous husbands before she tells the other pilgrims why she leads her particular lifestyle: “Housbondes at chirche dore I have had five/(If I so ofte mighte han wedded be)” (ll. 6-7). During these lines, the Wife of Bath claims she has had five husbands, but the questionable legality...

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.... She uses her asset to gain for herself, but she does not take from anyone else. To placate herself she looks to the stars. She does not justify her actions because they are out of her control; she is only doing what nature intended her to do.
The Wife of Bath presents the argument that her marriages, sexual openness, and powerful female personality are all the result of her gapped tooth. Something so simple has created an obligation to destiny to seek out and marry many men. She is neither ashamed nor repentant for her actions because she believes they are out of her control. She is proud that her actions allow her to fulfill her destiny and make herself happy and powerful in the process. Her gapped tooth is a conspicuous physical feature acting as a symbol to everyone around her to reveal the kind of woman she is and the type of life she is destined to lead.

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