Phylogenetic And Phylogenetic Tree

A phylogeny is a graphical summary of the evolutionary relationship of taxa or populations. There are millions of species in this world not including species that have been extinct. So to make it easier to know each species scientists name and classify species using a taxonomy. Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying and describing organisms. Taxonomists arrange the different organisms into groups. This idea was first thought by Carl Linnaeus, he came up with this binomial nomenclature where every single species has its own scientific name.

Phylogeny is an estimated representation of an organism’s or group of organisms’ evolutionary history. Scientist use a phylogenetic tree to visualize ancestor descent relationship through time. The closer together different taxa are represented in a phylogenetic tree the more closely related the species are to each other. Phylogenetic tree is consists of different types of characteristics which makes it easier for scientists to understand them. One of the characteristic is a branch, which represent the population of specie through the beginning of time. Another characteristic is a terminal node (or the tip of the branch), which represent the most recent species. The last characteristic is a node which is where 2 branches diverged, this represents speciation where the ancestral species split from one specie to two. Speciation is when one organism or one population diverging and can’t interbreed any more. Phylogenetic and phylogenetic trees require speciation to have occurred.

Phylogenies are recreated using both morphological and genetic characteristics. There are two different approaches to construct phylogenetic trees the phenetic approach and the cladistics approach. Phylogeny wer...

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...ocks, to figure out when these domains and species have diverged from the common ancestor and to make a phylogenetic tree of life of LUCA.

Another example would be the phylogenetic of fanged frogs to test big geographical hypotheses at the interface of the Asian and Australian faunal zones. The interface of the Asian and Australian faunal zones is defined by a network of deep ocean trenches that separate intervening islands of the Philippines and Wallacea. Evans and his collogues wanted to examine the diversification of Limnonectes in Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Wallacea. They did this by estimating a phylogeny from mitochondrial DNA sequences. What they found is that these frogs dispersed from Borneo to the Philippines at least twice, from Borneo to Sulawesi once or twice, from Sulawesi to the Philippines once, and from the Philippines to Sulawesi once.