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The similarities between phonetics and phonology
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FACULTY OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
TMA COVER FORM: EL120: English Phonetics and Linguistics
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In this course we study both phonetics and phonology. Phonetics to improve the way we should spell the sounds, and in order to spell the correct sounds we should learn how to listen accurately. It’s also known as the study of language which contains 44 sounds and 26 letters. Phonology is to study the rules for combining phonemes and what happened due to this combination. Phonetics contains consonant, vowels & diphthongs. It’s also used in language and linguistics rules that specify how the phonemes are organized into syllables, words, and sentences to
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All languages have vast variety of speech sound. Phonology have essentials terms in which each of them show the difference between how phonology is differ than phonetics as its not responsible for how to articulate. These phonological terms known as : phoneme , allophone, clear & dark l , syllabic l, minimal pairs , assimilation ,linking r , intrusive r, aspiration , consonant structure & syllable structure. A phoneme is a meaningful sound which shows the difference between two sounds which can change the meaning of word like : . Although allophones are the variation of same sound but they don’t change the meaning of it like < pin / spin >. However
This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
has a record player that he brings out once a week for the listening pleasure
In the early stage of human life, an infant who is in their mother’s womb has already experienced communicating their language through actions by responding to their mother’s voice by kicking. Hence communicating their language will then expand from just limited actions to words as they develop throughout the years. And the four structural Language components; phonology, semantics, grammar and pragmatics will be involved during the stages of their language development and these components are significantly supported by the roles of nature and nurture. Fellowes & Oakley (2014, p. 21) ‘The phonological component of language comprises the various sounds that are used in speaking.
One of the best-known and interesting findings in speech perception research is the “phonemic restoration phenomenon”. It is a beneficial and amazingly utilized human ability by which, “under certain conditions, sounds actually missing from a speech signal can be synthesized by the brain and clearly heard”(Kashino, 2006. P.318). This shows the brains sophisticated ability in comprehending speech in the everyday life noisy settings.
Sound in Alien Nation is one of the ways the filmmakers depict the difference in the Newcomers to humans. Their voices and native language are vastly different. Their native language obviously differs in ways
Spanish and English share a similar alphabet, with the Spanish sound system being more concise. Many differences are revealed when comparing the phonologies of the two languages. These differences will influence the speech of Spanish speakers learning English. Speakers may transfer their knowledge of Spanish to English. Understanding these differences is important to the speech-language pathologist in order to realize why some English sounds are more difficult for the Spanish speaker to produce than others (Gorman & Kester, 2001).
Over seven million people just in the US have some sort of speech disorder. Just think about how many it is around the world! There are many different types of speech disorders, such as: stuttering, lisping and, mumbling, to name a few. Many of these disorders become noticeable during early childhood, however, this is not the only time a speech disorder may occur. Many people that suffer from strokes or other traumatic accidents encounter struggles with speech through their recovery. Those who struggle with speaking after an accident, though, have more access to treatments than children that are born with speech impediments. The treatments that are most known for children include: phonology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. There are speech
Phonemic Awareness is very important part of literacy. Phonemic awareness includes sounds of a word, the breakdown of words into sounds. It includes rhyming and alliteration, isolation, counting words in sentences, syllables and phonemes, blending words, segmenting, and manipulating.
Phonological awareness (PA) involves a broad range of skills; This includes being able to identify and manipulate units of language, breaking (separating) words down into syllables and phonemes and being aware of rhymes and onset and rime units. An individual with knowledge of the phonological structure of words is considered phonologically aware. A relationship has been formed between Phonological awareness and literacy which has subsequently resulted in Phonological awareness tasks and interventions.This relationship in particular is seen to develop during early childhood and onwards (Lundberg, Olofsson & Wall 1980). The link between PA and reading is seen to be stronger during these years also (Engen & Holen 2002). As a result Phonological awareness assessments are currently viewed as both a weighted and trusted predictor of a child's reading and spelling and ability.
Phonology is how sounds interact together in a certain language. Phonology is kind of like phonetics but phonetics focuses more on articulation and placement of the tongue when saying certain letter sounds. Phonology also helps with describing the allophones of phonemes as well too. Morphology studies on the suffixes and prefixes. Another thing is this good for is finding the morphemes. Finding a number of morphemes helps Linguistics and Speech Language Pathologist find the amount of syllables the child is say. This helps more in the Speech Pathology field for when we do a language sample project. This project is more of letting the child talk to use and then we record what that child says. Then we find out how many morphemes the child said. Using the number of morphemes divided by the total number of utterances can help tell us where the child sits on the language side of things, as to whether the child is speaking at a good rate. Knowing where the child is at with their talking is the main concern about this project, it will then tell us what parts of speech we need to work with the child, or
Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion.
The purpose of this essay will be to examine which writing system is more desirable, semanto-phonetic writing or alphabetical writing. In order to get better understanding in this thesis statement, semanto-phonetic writing and alphabetical writing should be broadly defined. Alphabetic writing systems represent the phonological structure of the language while the symbols used in semanto-phonetic writing systems often represent both sound and meaning. Semanto-phonetic writing is more desirable than alphabetical writing because its advantages are more than that of alphabetical writing. This essay will express four main advantages of semanto-phonetic writing, including able to be understood across time and space, greater aesthetic interest and easy to read. To make it more specific and clearer, Chinese writing would be taken as example of semanto-phonetic writing to compare with English writing, which is an example of alphabetical writing in this essay.
The differences in one language are referred to as a dialect. The factors contributing to a dialectical variation include grammar (syntax), vocabulary, and the pronunciation of words (phonology). Geographical areas and social and ethnic groups also contribute to the differences in dialect. Primary stress of words is an important factor to the phonological aspect of a word. Although we know how to correctly stress words in the production of speech we are not used to thinking about stress patterns in the perception of speech. Differences in word stress, such as the incorrect placement of stress in a word, is what causes us, the listener, to hear an “accent” in an individual.
Lexicalization can be defined by Harley (Harley, 2008) as the translation of a word from its semantic representation, or the meaning, of a word to its phonological form, also known as the sound. (Harley, 2008) Lexicalization contains a two-stage process whereby the first stage is meaning based and the second stage is phonologically based. When an individual first produces a word, they go from a semantic level to an intermediate level of individual words, the process of choosing the word is known as lexical selection. (Harley, 2008) The individual then retrieves the phonological form of the word produced in a stage known as phonological encoding. (Harley, 2008 These defintions w...
Consonants are described in accordance with three main parameters and any change in one of these parameters can result in a change of the sound and this leads to a change of the meaning of words. It is defined as the point where the airflow is obstructed and where a sound is produced (Ahmed, 2004: 17). The place of articulation (Makhraj) is defined as the point where the sound is produced (Al-Bisher, 2000: 180). There are many terms of the place of articulation as “MaKhraj”, initiator (Al-Mubda), the flow (Al-Majra) which is used by many classic Arab phoneticians. While the modern phoneticians use the terms” the place or point of articulation" and “the location of articulation” (Al- Joburi, 2004: 2-5).