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Implications of oligopoly market structure
Effects of oligopoly
Implications of oligopoly market structure
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In this following report I will discuss the phone industry and analysed it in great detail. I will analysis the market structure and try and understand why the mobile industry falls to heavily oligopoly structure. I will highlight all the structures, however I will discuss in detail how, for example Vodafone can be incorporated in the porter’s five forces method to show how the mobile industry has devolved over the years and to understand if consumers are driven by the actual technology of the phone but if it driven more by style. Market structure is when an industry has a number of firms making identical products. An industry’s market structure depends on the how many firms are in that in industry and how they will compete in the market. We can focus on those specific factors that will affect how it will change competition and also price. The types of market structure include oligopolies, monopolies, perfect competition and monopolistic competition. Here are the four basic market structures: •Perfect competition: This happens when lots of small firms compete against one another. These firms are in a very challenging industry to manufacture the socially optimum output level at a very small cost to the firm. •Monopoly: This is when a company that has no competition in its industry. It decreases output to drive prices up and therefore rise to its own profits. By doing so, it produces less than the socially optimal output level and manufactures at a substantial high cost than some other competitive firms. For example companies that are perceived as monopoly companies are the rail way and postal companies e.g. Scot rail and fed-ex. Companies like Scot rail use this to its advantage because a lot of the train go to the Glasgow and ... ... middle of paper ... ...s/default/files/cellular201009.pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.197.345&rep=rep1&type=pdf http://www.opengardensblog.futuretext.com/archives/2013/01/2013-trends-and-how-to-analyse-the-industry-in-a-mobile-first-world.html Bibliography Philip M. Parker and Lars-Hendrik Röller. (1997). Collusive Conduct in Duopolies: Multimarket Contact and Cross-Ownership in the Mobile Telephone Industry. The RAND Journal of Economics. Vol. 28 (2), pp. 304-322 Peter O’Reilly. (26th May 2010). TELECOMMUNICATIONS. INDUSTRY GUIDE. 1 (1), 2,3. Janet Morrison (2011). The global business environment, meeting the challenges. 3rd ed. England, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillian. 98,26,42 Worthington & Britton (2009). The Business Environment. 3rd ed. London: Prentice hall. pp. 102. Ofcom. (18 July 2012). Communications Market. Report 2012. 9 (1), 17, 279.
When the word monopoly is spoken most immediately think of the board game made by Parker Brothers in which each player attempts to purchase all of the property and utilities that are available on the board and drive other players into bankruptcy. Clearly the association between the board game and the definition of the term are literal. The term monopoly is defined as "exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices" (Dictionary.com, 2008). Monopolies were quite common in the early days when businesses had no guidelines whatsoever. When the U.S. Supreme Court stepped into break up the Standard Oil business in the late 1800’s and enacted the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (Wikipedia 2001), it set forth precedent for many cases to be brought up against it for years to come.
Firms may be categorized in a variety of different market structures. Perfectly competitive, monopolistically competitive, oligopolistic,
Topic A (oligopoly) - "The ' An oligopoly is defined as "a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products" (Gans, King and Mankiw 1999, pp.-334). Since there are only a few sellers, the actions of any one firm in an oligopolistic market can have a large impact on the profits of all the other firms. Due to this, all the firms in an oligopolistic market are interdependent on one another. This relationship between the few sellers is what differentiates oligopolies from perfect competition and monopolies.
This organization belongs to the oligopoly market structure. The oligopoly market structure involves a few sellers of a standardized or differentiated product, a homogenous oligopoly or a differentiated oligopoly (McConnell, 2004, p. 467). In an oligopolistic market each firm is affected by the decisions of the other firms in the industry in determining their price and output (McConnell, 2005, P.413). Another factor of an oligopolistic market is the conditions of entry. In an oligopoly, there are significant barriers to entry into the market. These barriers exist because in these industries, three or four firms may have sufficient sales to achieve economies of scale, making the smaller firms would not be able to survive against the larger companies that control the industry (McConnell, 2005, p.
A perfectly competitive market is based on a model of perfect competition. For a market to fall under this model it must have a number of firms, homogeneous products, and easy exit and entry levels into the market (McTaggart, 1992).
The telecommunication industry has seen significant regulatory reform from the 1990s onwards to the present date. There are major sectors in the industry such as fixed line telephony, television delivery, mobile telephony, fixed wireless access, satellite service, radio and postal sector. I am going to predominantly focus on mobile telephony sector of the industry. Particularly on what were the attractive features of the industry analyzing it by using porter’s five forces which determines the attractiveness of the industry. I will discuss what attracted Meteor into the industry; analyze Meteor strategies entering the market and what factors caused them to alter their strategies and finally how I envisage the telecommunication industry in five years time.
There are many industries. Economist group them into four market models: 1) pure competition which involves a very large number of firms producing a standardized producer. New firms may enter very easily. 2) Pure monopoly is a market structure in which one firm is the sole seller a product or service like a local electric company. Entry of additional firms is blocked so that one firm is the industry. 3)Monopolistic competition is characterized by a relatively large number of sellers producing differentiated product. 4)Oligopoly involves only a few sellers; this “fewness” means that each firm is affected by the decisions of rival and must take these decisions into account in determining its own price and output. Pure competition assumes that firms and resources are mobile among different kinds of industries.
Telecommunications gained mainstream attention in the early 90’s; however the initial key market was business men and women, who used their phones whilst being on the move and so allowing them to communicate with their companies with ease. Though in the modern era, telecommunication went through segmentation in the market trends, and now in this day and age it would be difficult to find someone who does not own some form of mobile technology. Many phone providers battle to provide the best service for their customers (Figure 1).
Collusive behaviour exists only within an Oligopoly market structure as a result of the extreme mutual interdependency of firms. Some examples of markets where oligopolies may be found are the Tobacco industry, soft drinks and gas distribution. Parkin et al (2008). An oligopoly is defined as “a few sellers [that] dominate the market… [it] might have dozens or even hundreds of individual firms but most of them are unimportant in the industry; a small number of them…dominate the industry.” California State University Department of Economics. (2014) there are two unique characteristics within oligopoly not witnessed in any other market structure; they are mutual interdependence and repeated interaction. Others include a “high concentration ratio, either a homogenous or differentiated product or both high and low barriers to entry” Dawson, Chris (2013).
Cell phone manufacturers and service providers are at the core of the cell phone industry. These corporations are integral from their research and development endeavors to interactions with the consumer and the marketing of new products. The companies that control such factors of cellular phones are very numerous, so it is difficult to address all the cell phone manufacturers and service providers. However, we have focused largely on only the most significant cellular companies namely in the U.S. marketplace, although many have global ties. Collectively, companies around the world have the same goals in mind – to create desirable cutting-edge technology and to increase consumer satisfaction with hopes of generating sales, and thus profits.
A market structure are the characteristics of a market that significantly affect the behavior and interaction of buyers and sellers (Cabiya-an, 2014). This essay will describe the 4 market structures; perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. I will compare and contrast the market structures in relation to benefits and costs to the consumer and producer.
Under the circumstance that the mobile phone industry entered the 3rd generation, Nokia faced competition from both macro level and industry level. For the macro level, the government encouraged competition among the operators and handset manufacturers by giving digital licenses to new entrants. As a result, the mobile phones became more sophisticated, for example, the cameras and the games in the mobile phone. For the industry level, which can be analyzed by the Porter’s Five Forces, (lecture )Nokia was facing threat of new entrants, competitive rivalry and the bargaining power of buyers is increasing as well. As the government encourage completion between the handset manufacturers, there are several new entrants from different countries enter this industry, such as Apple from USA, Samsung from Korea. These new entrants compete with Nokia in both smartphone segment and basic phone segment. Some of them even constructed “ecosystems”, which they could integrate the services and applications quickly, in order to produce the phone in just two days. For the bargaining power of buyers’ aspect, they do not need to rely on the only operating system Symbian. They can choose Windows mobile launched by Microsoft, Android launched by Google and Ios launched by Apple, in addition, basically all of them are better than Symbian (Amiya, 2010). The buyers could choose any
Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., and Sullivan, D. P., (2011). International Business: Environments and Operations. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
"While practically everybody today is a potential mobile phone customer, everybody is simultaneously different in terms of usage, needs, lifestyles, and individual preferences," explains Nokia's Media Relations Manager, Keith Nowak. Understanding those differences requires that Nokia conduct ongoing research among different consumer groups throughout the world. The approach is reflected in the company's business strategy:
In conclusion, market structure is important because it leads to strategic decision making. Having a working knowledge of market structure impacts decision making because organizations will learn the characteristics of their competition and how the market will response to changes. This report discussed the four different types of market structures: monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and pure competition. It went into detail about what each market structure was and gave every day examples of them. Additionally, it will outlined the type of market structure AutoEdge fits into, how that market structure impacts the level of competition, elasticity of demand, price, and position in the industry.