Pharming for pharmaceuticals is a dangerous process regarding organisms because of deadly gene defects that will make the animal suffer and the thousands of dollars wasted on failed attempts. Humans have wasted so much money on animals trying to change their DNA or gene function and have failed. For example people have started making dragline silk, but later on in the years the cells of bacteria and mammalian have failed. The cells stopped working correctly which caused them to stop the project of dragline silk. Also only 1% of the animals will show the new gene in their organism because every animal reacts differently to the new gene they got put in their body,. Which makes the scientists waste more money since 99% of the time the scientists
This paper discusses pharmacology and terminology related to “Pharmacology” which is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs“ pharmacology. 2015. In Merriam-Webster.com. The study of different classes of drugs, routes of absorption, and drugs have effects on those consuming them. There are drugs that are necessary for illnesses and healing but, there are medicines that cause concern regarding interaction and harming the body.
Secondly, to continue his discussion, he also describes the process in how chemical’s are used in the food we consume. Many of the foods we buy at the supermarket contain a high amount of preservatives, antibiotics, GMO’s, chemicals and other different verity types of lab drugs. He explains how in today’s society it’s common to use these lab-made drugs in our food to span the life of it, then if the drug wasn’t used. For instance, in the book the author Michael Pollan states, “Most of the antibiotics sold in America today end up in animal feed… public health advocates don’t object to treating sick animals with antibiotics; they just don’t want to see the drug lose their effectiveness because factory farms are feeding them to healthy animals to promote growth” (78-79). This passage states that the life saving drug that is originally used to treat any kind
However, the Human Genome Project has identified all 25,000 genes. This information will help scientists find more ways to cure and possibly prevent diseases. It will be years before gene therapy is used to treat certain diseases, but we are on the road to revolutionizing medicine and how it is used. In the future, we may be able to completely abolish certain genetic diseases (Gene Therapy and Children). The possibilities are endless.
In September 14, 1990, an operation, which is called gene therapy, was performed successfully at the National Institutes of Health in the United States. The operation was only a temporary success because many problems have emerged since then. Gene therapy is a remedy that introduces genes to target cells and replaces defective genes in order to cure the diseases which cannot be cured by traditional medicines. Although gene therapy gives someone who is born with a genetic disease or who suffers cancer a permanent chance of being cured, it is high-risk and sometimes unethical because the failure rate is extremely high and issues like how “good” and “bad” uses of gene therapy can be distinguished still haven’t been answered satisfactorily.
The intention of researchers to modify the genes of animals is to understand a wide range of medical questions. Although their purpose in using genetic engineering is to gain more knowledge that can possibly benefit the human race, they still need to give moral consideration to the animals they utilize. The reason for this is because animals are able to experience pain and discomfort. Until researchers have full capacity in knowing the outcome of the gene alteration they do on animals, then there must be regulations enforced because in the end, animals and humans share the same interest in avoiding pain and
The use of gene therapy to prevent illness and disease by changing a person's genetic makeup is a good use of science. Gene therapy is an approach in science to treat, or ultimately prevent disease by changing the expression of a person's genes. The way a gene is expressed is something like a person's hair color. Gene therapy is still in its very early stages of development. Any gene therapy that is being worked on today is still in its experimental stages. It will not be used in humans for extensive use for a while. The only humans are ones who are in clinical trials ("Gene Therapy").
Shortly after the groundbreaking discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, the scientific world was essentially given the ability to alter the genetic sequence of any living organism using a process known as 'genetic engineering'. By definition, genetic engineering is 'the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material', it is quite simply an unnatural process which defies the ordinary course of nature. As of yet, no devastating or permanent damage has been done. However, the unpredictable nature and unknown consequences genetic engineering holds is more than enough reason to be cautious, as one mistake could have irreversible and catastrophic effects.
Although humans have altered the genomes of species for thousands of years through artificial selection and other non-scientific means, the field of genetic engineering as we now know it did not begin until 1944 when DNA was first identified as the carrier of genetic information by Oswald Avery Colin McLeod and Maclyn McCarty (Stem Cell Research). In the following decades two more important discoveries occurred, first the 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA, by Watson and Crick, and next the 1973 discovery by Cohen and Boyer of a recombinant DNA technique which allowed the successful transfer of DNA into another organism. A year later Rudolf Jaenisch created the world’s first transgenic animal by introducing foreign DNA into a mouse embryo, an experiment that would set the stage for modern genetic engineering (Stem Cell Research). The commercialization of genetic engineering began largely in 1976 wh...
Imagine a world with no diseases or pain and a race of perfect people. Well that is what some scientist are striving for. Scientists are finding ways to alter human genes. They have almost figured out how to make people pain free and how to cure some diseases. These ideas have few advantages but many disadvantages. In my opinion, I believe scientists should not change human DNA.
Genetic engineering gives the power to change many aspects of nature and could result in a lot of life-saving and preventative treatments. Today, scientists have a greater understanding of genetics and its role in living organisms. However, if this power is misused, the damage could be very great. Therefore, although genetic engineering is a field that should be explored, it needs to be strictly regulated and tested before being put into widespread use. Genetic engineering has also, opened the door way to biological solutions for world problems, as well as aid for body malfunctions. I think that scientists should indeed stop making genetic engineering for humans, because it will soon prove to be devastating to the human race. It would cause rivalries and tension among different kinds of genetically engineered humans for dominance and power.
But it will be a slow process, because one will have to wait about 18 years to see the effect of changes to the genetic code. ”(Hawking). The advancements that genetic engineering will provide for the human race is incredible and we will soon benefit from science and technology more than ever
This research report is on the different types of pharmacist careers. I want to go into pharmacy and want to become a pharmacist, so I wanted to know about all the different options there are, and about the different types of pharmacist positions. From reading the job duties of the six different specialties that are mentioned in this paper, I preferred and was more interested in Nutrition Support Pharmacist.
The Problem Genetic engineering has been around since the 1960’s, although major experiments have not been really noticed until the 1990’s. Science comes in different forms, the two major being cloning and genetic reconstruction. Cloning is the duplicating of one organism and making an exact copy. For example, in 1996 the creation of the clone sheep named Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned, which was a great achievement. The other form, genetic reconstruction, is used to replace genes within humans to help or enhance the life of an unborn child for a medical reason or just for the preference of a parent.
For instance, as we know every bio drugs goes through many stages before the marketing , Among these stages is the clinical stages, this new medicines should be tested on the animal sample before being marketed , sometimes there are a shortage and lack of this animal samples because there are some associations and Animal Rights Authority which consider the use of some animals in clinical tests or other scientific purpose can torture and give pain to that animals and consider this as an unethical issue, this resulting the rise of use human sample during doing clinical tests, this is a big challenge which the biopharmaceutical innovation is facing
What are the risks and what are the possible benefits? Currently, gene therapy is one of the only ways to change the genetic makeup of an animal or human. Also, the chance of gene therapy being successful in animals is fifty percent, while in humans it is five percent. Human Genetics Alert believes “Once we begin to consciously design ourselves, we will have entered a completely new era of human history, in which human subjects, rather than being accepted as they are, will become just another kind of object, shaped according to parental whims and market forces”. HGA provides background information on the currently available resources used in Genetic Engineering.