The purpose of a RCT is to clean out the pulp cavity of neurotic tissue and then to create a complete seal that will prevent bacteria from entering and leaving the RC. A RCT might be need because of gross caries reaching the RC or leakage of previous RCT or trauma which will lead to loss of vitality resulting in interruption of blood and/or nerve supply.
The RCT can be divided according to the following steps:
1. Preoperative Radiograph
A preoperative radiograph provides the dentist with information regarding the RC obturation and its subsequent analysis. The dentist is able to see how far the blockage of the RCT reaches, allows the dentist to identify RCs orifice and to get an idea on how to negotiate the root canals15.
An example of RC blockage is the appearance of calcification in the RC. Only in rare cases blockages are not identifiable. This location and region of RC blockage allows the dentist to choose the most effective method to remove whatever is blocking the RC so that the RCT can begin, e.g. in order to be able to treat a RC in a maxilla premolar, the access for coronal penetration starts off at the centre of occlusal surface and by following the long axis of tooth.
The orifice of the RC is identified with an explorer as it is pressed where according to the radiograph the orifice is believed to be. If there really is an orifice present, the explorer will slightly dislodge as it is pressed on the blocked orifice. In order to minimise perforation and to reconfirm the orifice’s location, a second radiograph is done with the explorer left in place15.
2. Coronal Preparation/ Access
Before the access to the RC starts, the dentist places a tuber dam – thin latex sheet – with a hole over the tooth to be treated after havi...
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...nts new microorganism from entering the RC. Afterwards, a fingerspreader (fine (F) when master file used was <25 and a less finer spreader (MF for master file 30+ in size) is placed into the RC with a downwards pressure and removed by twisting and rotating the spreader towards the wall. This allows the sealent to spread laterally towards the RC walls.
This whole process is repeated until now more GP point scan fit and the whole canal is pink in colours (pink colour of GP point). If the RC is not pink it suggests that there are still gaps left and carried, microorganism or RC might leak. In the end a hot excubator is used to cut the GP points ends that are sticking out of the RC.
But in order to completely seal off the RC a restoration is placed onto the treated RC. This will completely off the RC from the outside environment and prevent wear and abrasion of the RC
Pit and fissure sealants are tooth coloured materials that are applied on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth in deep grooves, pits and fissures. They protect the tooth from various bacterial plaques in these caries prone areas of the teeth. The sealants protect these areas by sealing of the entrance to bacteria which give rise to dental caries in susceptible individuals especially in children. Pit and fissure sealants are now commonly being used due to the increase in the awareness among public about dental caries prevention
3-D scanning has helped improve orthodontics a lot with finding the problem and being able to understand the problem better. Also it can help see everything in your mouth that a regular x-ray cannot see.
was on the end of the gas syringe, into the top of the conical flask.
Radiologic technologists, also known as radiographers, have the job of performing diagnostic imaging examinations; among many other tasks. The typical radiographer must be able to interact with patients by taking their medical history, administering oral or injected contrast media, explaining procedures and safety measures, and observing and monitoring them. Radiologic technologists also have to correctly position and immobilize their patients for examination; along with assisting patients that are unable to move (i.e. disabled, sick, injured patients). If a radiologist finds any abnormalities while handling a patient they must report it to the physician. Along with that, a radiologic technologist must be capable of operating all equipment required for the job including x-ray generators, ultrasound scanners, and fluoroscopes. They must be able to use radiation safety guidelines and proper protection materials to keep everyone (including themselves) safe and comply with government regulations. A radiologic technician has to process and review film and other information to evaluate whether or not it is satisfactory for diagnostic purposes and
The infection pervades the tooth pulp and causes damage that can only be reversed by endodontic procedures.
Vertical root fractures which are also known as VRF can be detected easily with the help of CBCT. Fractures in Bucco-lingual or mesio-distal directions can be detected. Patel et al in their review of literature found CBCT to be efficacious in endodontic surgery planning and identification of root canals not seen on 2-D images. CBCT not only detects the presence of resorption, but also determines its extent. They also found CBCT is useful in determining root morphology,number of roots, accessory canals and separated instrument in any canal.
Assessment. Maricela started by taking the patient’s blood pressure, as well as added new medical information to her chart and let the Dentist evaluate her medical history. After that she proceeded with the intra/extra oral exams. Since the patient had dentures, Maricela made sure to pay extra attention to her maxillary hard palate. There was definite signs of irritation, redness, and a few sores from constant rubbing. Next, Maricela did a periodontal assessment. Even though the patient had a lot of tooth loss, her gums were decently healthy. She had a few pockets, but it surprised me how healthy the gums actually were. When documenting caries and dental charting, it was documented that the patient had a low plaque score that did end up being a little higher than the last appointment. No radiographs where
The patient had no changes to her health history and is overall healthy despite vision impairment. After reviewing her probe depths in comparison to her last appointment, it was apparent there was no longer bleeding upon probing in the first quadrant. Her probe depths had also gone down generally by one mm in both quads one and two. The treatment therapies that were performed for this patient at recall included using the ultrasonic throughout all four quads. This patient did not handle the ultra-sonic well, so we took many breaks and touched up with hand scaling. The patient had multiple open contacts, so during patient education I showed her the proxy brush and how to adapt it within the embrasures. I emphasized the importance of flossing and using the proxy brush in regard to decrease the amount of plaque between her teeth and hindering her risk for continued bone loss and interproximal caries. I placed most of this education under the urgency that we would like to maintain the teeth and their surrounding bone structure. The plaque score was still low. I also explained to her the importance of brushing without added pressure and demonstrated the modified Stillmans method to prevent future gingival recession on the lower anteriors. Although the patient hadn’t showed much improvement in regards to homecare, I believe that sometimes hearing it over and over can help advance them up on the learning
In addition, we were asked to come in an identify the number attempts made for the insertion of veress needle per protocol we were off the midline and at a previous laparoscopic incision site and we attempted three times each time with a negative water drop test. Then we moved a little bit more lateral to a new incision site and at this time we attempted one time and were able to successfully place the veress needle and successfully do the water drop which indicated that the veress needle is free within the peritoneal cavity insufflation and place our additional
Radiology is a part of the health service industry and as a service provider one needs to understand quality and delivery of service, which includes knowledge of customer service, customer satisfaction and all of its related issues [1].
Have you ever had an x-ray taken or perhaps had a sonogram done? If so then you probably met a radiologic technologist. A radiologic technologist is a person that is trained in using x-ray and ultrasound imaging technology as a diagnostic tool or as a part of a patient’s treatment plan. A radiologic technologist creates images of specific areas and parts of the human body which include bones, tissue, blood vessels, and organs. They may also perform such imaging procedures such as mammography, x-rays, sonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiologic technologists also work under the supervision of radiologists that are trained to read and interpret the medical images that the
It began as a basic wisdom tooth extraction; the goal was to remove all 4 wisdom teeth. Though the teeth had not yet gone through the gum, I was told it would be a easy procedure. The only warnings I had received, was a risk of hitting the trigeminal nerve, causing pain and tingling, but even
Treatment: Smooth sharp edges. If the patient has a lip or cheek lesion, it is advisable to search for tooth fragments or foreign materials.
?Robotics will boost quality and transfer efficiency levels.? Coatings (Jul.-Aug. 1991): 66 InfoTrac. Online. Nov. 2002. .
Jocelyn, H, Gregorios, B M.D. (1974). Histopathologic Techniques, JMC Press Inc., Quezon City, Philippines,. ISBN 971-11-0853-4,BAN CROFT,Mahendra Jain A.C.P.M Dental College India.