Peter Hogan and Sally Wheeler are research graduate students who are studying the SLAM gene effect in knockout mice. Sally was added to Peters experiment by Dr. Larson because her research was not going as planned. While preforming the research Sally mentions there might have been a mix up with the blood samples because she was not receiving the same data she did during the initial testing and after what seemed to be just an accidental mix up Peter realized that Sally might have fabricated the blood test data ruining the entire experiment. The problem Peter is having is whether or not he should add Sally’s data to the published research case. The case of Peter Hogan and Sally Wheeler is one that is complicated due to previous bias before the experiment had ever taken place since Peter already did not approve of Sally’s work ethics. If the data was fabricated though then …show more content…
Larson are that research conducted by graduate students is correct and by no means fabricated or altered to fit their hypotheses. This is meaning that the procedure written up by Sally should be able to be replicated and that who ever is rerunning the experiment should get the same data. As stated in this case Sally did not have a proper procedure written for her second test in order to verify what she had initially done meaning that those expectations are in fact already met. It is also expected that if there were a mix up in the lab that the researcher under the head researcher should have listened to their instructions and kept the remaining blood for further testing in order to avoid this scenario at all. Expectations set by first-rate postdoctoral programs and publishers are similar to that of the University and Dr. Larson but also that the data would not be submitted until it could be replicated by any one who was interested in doing so and that all information was verified and correct to the best of all researchers
In the eighteenth century, the process of choosing a husband and marrying was not always beneficial to the woman. A myriad of factors prevented women from marrying a man that she herself loved. Additionally, the man that women in the eighteenth century did end up with certainly had the potential to be abusive. The attitudes of Charlotte Lennox and Anna Williams toward women’s desire for male companionship, as well as the politics of sexuality are very different. Although both Charlotte Lennox and Anna Williams express a desire for men in their poetry, Charlotte Lennox views the implications of this desire differently than Anna Williams. While Anna Williams views escaping the confines of marriage as a desirable thing, Charlotte Lennox’s greatest lament, as expressed by her poem “A Song,” is merely to have the freedom to love who she pleases. Although Charlotte Lennox has a more romantic view of men and love than Anna Williams, neither woman denies that need for companionship.
The definition of an outlaw is “One that is unconventional or rebellious”. Billy the Kid and Jesse James were two notorious outlaws, both icons of the Wild West. Billy the kid, a hard headed criminal with no mercy, a ruthless killer that so many men and women were afraid of became a problem that the law could not put up with. On the other hand Jesse James became an organized crime boss that tried to strike it rich by rebelling against the North. Jesse James also became a large problem to the law. Both men had a story to tell, two different stories that when compared, are not very different at all.
Up until and during the mid -1800’s, women were stereotyped and not given the same rights that men had. Women were not allowed to vote, speak publically, stand for office and had no influence in public affairs. They received poorer education than men did and there was not one church, except for the Quakers, that allowed women to have a say in church affairs. Women also did not have any legal rights and were not permitted to own property. Overall, people believed that a woman only belonged in the home and that the only rule she may ever obtain was over her children. However, during the pre- Civil war era, woman began to stand up for what they believed in and to change the way that people viewed society (Lerner, 1971). Two of the most famous pioneers in the women’s rights movement, as well as abolition, were two sisters from South Carolina: Sarah and Angelina Grimké.
It is well known that Native American cultures have been rich in oral traditions. Storytelling is but one aspect of that. Yet amongst the Native American poets covered in class there seem to be differing views of storytelling. Sherman Alexie looks at storytelling in "How To Write the Great American Novel" as that which has been stereotyped and mainstreamed into the dominant culture, while Joy Harjo seems to view storytelling in "Deer Dancer" as vital to the survival of culture. This essay will examine the storytelling aspects of both works.
In 1637, Anne Hutchinson stood trial before the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During her examination, she confessed that she had experienced an “immediate revelation” from God. She described hearing “the voice of his own spirit to my soul.” After discussion with authorities, John Winthrop concluded that “…this is the thing that hath been the root of all the mischief.” She was found guilty and banished from the colony.
Nonetheless, any information released should clearly state that the data displayed was performed by German doctors during the Nazi experimentation, researchers who decide to utilize the medical information, must display some aspect of respect regarding the victims who suffered from the experiments, so that the victim still receives respect while constantly informing the public about the violations that took place.
Hiroshi Sugimoto is a Japanese photographer born in Tokyo in 1948. Upon graduating from Saint Paul’s University in Tokyo with a degree in Sociology and Politics and moved to Los Angeles in 1970 and attended the Art Centre College of Design. He moved to New York in 1974 after receiving his Bachelors degree and now lives in Tokyo and in New York. He divides his work into photographic series, each representing a certain theme. He is most famous for his seascapes, movie theaters, natural history dioramas and portraits, and waxworks series. He explores the idea of photography and time, and uses photography as a way to record science and history alongside the idea of indescribable human nature. His aim when creating portraits is to make them as lifelike as possible so the viewer reconsiders what it is to be alive.
The following article analysis review by Team B illustrates and identifies several examples of statistics abuse in the practical world as a result of flawed research. The following examples demonstrate how a manger could and in many examples, does make erroneous decisions due to inaccurate statistics. The team has compiled the results by detailing the respective articles.
Several factors can affect the actual results of an experiment. Among them are experimental and subject bias. Experimental bias concerns anything that misconstrues the experimenter's comprehension of the relationship between the dependent and independent variable (Feldman, 1999). Subject bias is the tendency of the subject to behave atypically. The double-blind procedure evades experimental and subject bias as the experimenter evaluates results unbiased as the experimenter is uninformed about whether the subject has received the actual treatment or the placebo and the subject will behave normally as they do not know if they have received the actual treatment or the pseudotreatment, the placebo. Therefore, the results and any distinctions among the control and experimental groups are clearly based on the independent variable and has to be the effect of the treatment. For example, in an experiment to evaluate a drug that encourages engagement in conversations, after administering the drugs to the experimental group and the placebo to the control group, the experimenters talk with participants and evaluate the conversation's degree of excellence which are not easy to assess. Thus, the experimenter might be biased and unintentionally give the participants in the experimental group better evaluations because they know that this group has been administered the real drug (Carlson & Buskit, 1997).
“How all occasions do inform against me” is a line from act IIII, scene IIII of
A researcher uses an experiment to scientifically test out a hypothesis. In an experiment there are many different factors that are involved. There is the independent variable, which is the cause, it is the one that is being manipulated, and the dependent variable, which is the effect, is the response. When conducting a experiment it is important to make sure that the only thing than can affect the dependent variable is the independent variable. This is known as internal validity. Using random assignment to separate the participants into groups helps eliminate any outside factors, and creates an equal chance for all participants to be apart of the experimental conditions. There are many pros and cons to this type of method. The experimental method creates a strong control of the variables involved in the experiment, which allows an easier determination on cause and effect. If needed, it is fairly easy to replicate an experiment and is less time consuming than other research methods. However there are many downfalls as well. When conducting an experiment the setting of where the experiment is taking place is more artificial which may cause certain behaviors that wouldn’t occur in real life. This is known as external validity, which is the measure of how much the results of a study can be generalized and used in different situations, and people. To improve external validity cover stories are created when conducting experiments so the participants are not aware of what is really going on, or experiments are done in a natural setting as opposed to in a laboratory. However, this creates less control over confounding variables that can affect the experiment, which can create bias results (Aronson,
the article could be also aimed at people who are in a bit of a hurry
However on the other hand, for all advantages; there are disadvantages. In some instances when people utilize and manipulate data, they may knowingly falsify data so that it may adhere to ones beliefs or theories. In addition there are people who may deliberately tamper with information as well. When collecting information, there must be neutrality when assessing and collecting data. In addition, professional competence and integrity must be superior and finally, all research subjects or respondents must be safeguarded from potential harm and sabotage.
... tested in the same manner for a specified purpose in order to maintain consistency and validity within results.
When you test out something, you want to know what will happen. In some cases, scientists do not tell the patient all of the side effects that may happen. Some of the effects may cause severe harm, so the scientists might leave out those details-but when something bad happens, who is at fault?