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Chapter 3 forensic science
Forensic science final review
Chapter 3 forensic science
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Recommended: Chapter 3 forensic science
Name Bunni Peterson-Haitwas
ID # 860180587
Course Number
Persuasive Formal Outline
03 march 2014
SPECIFIC PURPOSE: I want my audience to feel that the partial bite marks are not a reliable way to identify a suspect.
CLAIM: Partial bite marks should not be entered into evidence.
INTRODUCTION
ATTENTION GETTING DEVICE: Imagine that a person with a similar smile to yours has murdered someone and the only evidence the forensic dentist had was a bite mark on a victim, they also had other than another piece of evidence linking you to the crime scene because it was a place that you frequently visited. Because the only two pieces of evidence they have are the things that link you there, the authorities turn their attention to you and now you are their only suspect. The police say that your dentition is identical to the bite on the victim and they enter the evidence and you are now sent to prison to serve a life sentence. You know you are not guilty but because the dentist was wrong and swore to the courts that the mark belonged to you. What would you do? How could you prove your innocents if they quit looking for the criminal? All because you have a similar smile to another person.
CREDIBILITY: I choose this topic because over the years I have heard of cases where someone was wrongly convicted and I think that there needs to be a set standard for how the evidence is collected and that it should not just be based on an educated guess.
JUSTIFICATION: In researching the possibilities that the bite marks can be falsely identified, I found that the analysis is not always an accurate way to identify the suspect, that being said I think that we should reconsider the partial bite mark being used as evidence.
CLAIM: Partial bite marks should...
... middle of paper ...
...rown was convicted of murder due in part to bite-mark evidence, and freed after DNA testing of the saliva left in the bite wounds matched someone else.[20]
B. The case of Ray Krone, an Arizona man convicted of murder on bite mark evidence left on a woman's breast. DNA evidence later implicated another man and Krone was released from prison
C. Sub-point 3 to support your main point
CONCLUSION “There are just too many variables,” said Dr. C. Michael Bowers, author of “Forensics Dental Evidence: An Investigator’s Handbook,” (Bowers, 2004.)
SUMMARY:
[Brief overview or summary of what you just talked about. Can go main point by main point]
APPEAL:
[Appeal to your audience. Leave a remark or meaningful quote that they can remember, bring your audience back to the introduction story, leave them with something to think about and move them – emotionally and physically!]
According to the Innocence Project (2006), “On September 17, 2001, Chad wrote the Innocence Project in New York, which, in 2003, enlisted pro bono counsel from Holland & Knight to file a motion for DNA testing on Tina’s fingernail scrapings.” The state had tested the DNA that was under Tina’s nail from the first case but at that time it was inadequate and could not be tested. It was not until now that we have the technology capable enough to test it. In June 2004, the test came back negative to matching both Jeremey and Chain Heins but did come from an unknown male. The state argued that it was not enough to overturn the conviction so Chad’s attorney asked the state to do some further testing and to compare the DNA from under the fingernails to the hairs that was found on Tina’s body. It was in 2005 that the Florida Department of Law Enforcement confirmed that there was a match between the DNA under Tina’s nail and the pubic hair. According to LaForgia (2006), “this particular type of DNA, the report stated, was found in only about 8 percent of Caucasian American men.” During this process there was a new piece of evidence that Chad’s attorney had learned about during the appeals process, a fingerprint. There were some accusations that the prosecutors never disclosed this information about this third fingerprint and if they did it was too late. The jurors did not even know about this fingerprint and if they did this could have changed the whole case. This fingerprint was found on several objects that included the smoke detector, a piece of glass, and the bathroom sink. It was soon discovered that this fingerprint matched with the DNA found on the bedsheets that Tina was on. This was finally enough evidence to help Chad Heins become exonerated in
The suspect had a chip tooth and Antonio had A gap that was really the only reason he got convicted. There three other suspects didn’t even get close to how Antonio Beaver had allot of similarity’s like the victim that did that crime. The best way to know if the suspect did the crime is doing allot of deep research instead of just going off a shecht artist.
This case started on July 25, 1984, with the death of a nine year old girl by the name of Dawn Hamilton. The story plays out as follows: Dawn approached two boys and an adult male that were fishing at a pond in a wooded area near Golden Ring Mall in eastern Baltimore, Maryland. Dawn asked the boys to help her find her cousin, they declined the adult male however agreed to help her look. This was the last time anyone saw Hamilton alive. Hamilton’s body was found to have been raped, strangled and beaten with a rock. The police collected a boot print at the scene and DNA that was found in Hamilton’s underwear. The police also relied on the witness testimonies and line-ups, which in this case was the photo array. With the five eye witness testimonies and a tip the believed to be suspect was found. Kirk Noble Bloodsworth a prior U.S. Marine with no prior criminal record was taken into custody and charged with intentional first degree murder, sexual assault and rape. Bloodsworth was basically convicted on the eye witness testimonies. The state requested the death penalty. Bloodsworth was sentenced to two consecutive life terms. (BLOODSWORTH v. STATE, 1988)
Even though the prosecution presented evidence to the court, the only clear-cut hard fact the prosecution had against Anthony was that she failed to file a report for her missing daughter Caylee and that when she finally did a month after her daughter had gone missing, she proceeded to lie profusely to the authorities on the events that took place. The prosecution focused highly on the forensic evidence of decay located in the trunk of Casey Anthony’s car. The use of a cadaver dog to search the vehicle led investigators to be able to determine that a decomposing body had been stored in the trunk of the car. The forensics department used an air sampling procedure on the trunk of Casey Anthony’s car, also indicating that human decomposition and traces of chloroform were in-fact present. Multiple witnesses described what they considered to be an overwhelming odor that came from inside the trunk as it where the prosecution believes Caylee’s decomposing body was stowed. Several items of evidence were ruled out to be the source of the odor, as experts were able to rule out the garbage bag and two chlorine containers located in the trunk as the source. The prosecution alleged that Casey Anthony used chloroform to subdue her daughter and then used duct-tape to seal the nose and mouth of Caylee shut, inevitably causing her to suffocate. Based off the
Two detectives were assigned to the case: Harry Hanson and Finis Brown. [2] When they and the police arrived at the crime scene, it was already swarming with people, gawkers and reporters. The entire situation was out of hand and crowded, everyone trampling all over any hopes for good evidence. [2] One thing they did report finding was a nearby cement block with watery blood on it, tire tracks and a heel print on the ground. There was dew under the body so they knew it had been set there just after 2 a.m. when temperatures dropped to 38 degrees.
On May 22, 2005, the body of Sara Lynn Wineski, a homeless women, was found underneath a deck at the Ronald McDonald House in St. Petersburg. She was forty-nine years old and appeared to be strangled and raped to death. A resident told authorities that they heard screams around 11 p.m. the night before they found her body. DNA evidence was collected that night and years later, police were able to match the DNA from the scene to Raymond Samuels. Testing confirmed that it was Samuels’ DNA that was collected from the scene and also his DNA was found on the belt used to strangle Wineski. By the time they discovered it was Samuels’ DNA, he was already in prison in Ohio, for robbing and attacking an elderly couple. He was sentenced twenty-nine years.
Then out of the blue a new piece of evidence was found that opened up his case . According to Hans Sherrer “On April 4, 2002, the DNA test results were released. They excluded Krone as the perpetrator. The tests, however, did implicate Kenneth Phillips, then imprisoned in Arizona for sexually assaulting and choking a 7-year-old girl. At the time of Ancona’s murder Phillips” (Hans Sherrer). This had meant that the someone had tampered with evidence in Kim’s murder.This had open a lot of questions about the police ,investigators,and detectives about how did they let an innocent person fall for a crime that he did not do.This exactly proves my point that in Mr.Krons case he had police that was abusing their power to balim him for something creedence and gives him life in prison . According to Hans Sherrer “During the lawsuit’s discovery process Krone learned that before his second trial Maricopa County’s prosecuting attorney was personally told by two of the country’s most respected dental forensic experts that there was “no way” the teeth marks on Ancona’s body were made by Krone. They experts asserted the prosecution’s dental expert was absolutely wrong to identify Krone as the source of the bite marks.”(Hans Sherrer).They are all in fault of letting a man go to jail for twelve years . They were framing Ray for a murder and kidnapping. It unbelievable what his
Therefore, the criminal justice system relies on other nonscientific means that are not accepted or clear. Many of forensic methods have implemented in research when looking for evidence, but the methods that are not scientific and have little or anything to do with science. The result of false evidence by other means leads to false testimony by a forensic analyst. Another issue with forensic errors is that it is a challenge to find a defense expert (Giannelli, 2011). Defense experts are required to help the defense attorneys defend and breakdown all of the doubts in the prosecutors scientific findings in criminal cases. Scientific information is integral in a criminal prosecution, and a defense attorney needs to have an expert to assist he/she in discrediting the prosecution (Giannelli,
was a forensic odontology case. This case involved tracking individuals from bite marks as well
Based on a bite mark evidence, Robert Lee Stinson was convicted for a crime which he did not commit and served a 23 year sentence. However, when a DNA test was brought into the evidence, it set him free.
In U.S. v. Havvard, numerous scientific findings challenged the validity and accuracy of the latent fingerprint matching technique. The technique involves using special procedures to uncover finger print residues that are invisible to the naked eye, and studies find that it can vary significantly in its quality and correctness. The court, nevertheless, referred to latent finger print matching as the “archetype” of reliable expert testimony by asserting that it “[has] been used in ‘adversarial testing for roughly 100 years,’ which offered a greater sense of the reliability of fingerprint comparisons than could the mere publication of an article.” Though many studies point out that finger print collection and examination can be highly inaccurate if done without rigor, fingerprinting methods such as latent print matching have not suffered a sustained challenge in federal court in nearly 100 years. In addition to latent print matching, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Commission on Forensic Science, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science, and Technology and the Texas Forensic Science Commission have found that many well-known and admitted forensic science techniques such as bite-mark analysis, microscopic hair comparison, and arson evidence are questioned by independent
This experiment challenged the reliability of eyewitness testimony and validity of their memory while introducing what is known as the misinformation effect. Continuously, evidence has shown that mistaken eyewitness testimonies have lead to hundreds of wrongful convictions causing individuals to spend years in prison or even receive the death penalty for something they did not do. Most of the cases with a major false identification impact are ones where DNA was not used or the technology to identify individuals using DNA was not yet made. Inaccurate eyewitness accounts have been connected to about 73% of all DNA exonerations and freed hundreds of innocent people (Garrett, 2011). A famous incident of a wrongfully convicted person is the 1984 conviction of a former Marine, Kirk Bloodsworth. He is the first person to have been sentenced to death and later exonerated due to DNA evidence. Kirk was just 22-years-old when he was wrongfully convicted of the rape and murder of a nine-year-old girl. His conviction was largely based on the testimony of five individuals who claimed to have witnessed Kirk Bloodsworth committing the
The purpose of this research is to critically analyze the various components of forensic anthropology and odontology in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the overall reliability of these disciplines. Research obtained from various sources including, textbook, peer reviewed articles and the National Academy of Sciences Report are examined in an attempt to explain how the field of forensic odontology, more specifically the discipline of bite mark analysis is not considered to be a reliable or creditable source in the criminal justice system.
I requested to speak to the head of forensics. CSI Mavis Jones said that she would be glad to assist me. I really wanted to know the process of analyzing and investigating the evidence. Jones stated the gum that was found could provide us with an abundance of information. She said gum could provide dental information of the perp. We most likely would be able to determine the sex of the perp. This technique would be based on the sizes of the teeth. Enamel protein is different in women and
Gaensslen, R. E., Harris, H A., & Lee, H. (2008). Introduction to Forensic Science and Criminalistics. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. .