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Elements of Applied Behavior Analysis
Elements of Applied Behavior Analysis
Workplace violence research paper
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Although the event unfolded quickly, I took some time to self-reflect about what happened. First, while the other therapist and I were attempting to use the translator services with Greg, I perceived him as simply being anxious about recently being admitted to an unfamiliar inpatient unit. In addition, I thought that he may have had a poor interaction with staff during the previous night or early the same morning, and I did not take his violent accusations very seriously. Later, when I was helping the other patient who stated Greg was threatening everyone, I remember feeling the same way. I thought this may have been fairly typical behavior upon arriving to the unit, and I did not feel myself becoming nervous or getting on edge. However, …show more content…
They stated that they had been watching Greg throughout the night and morning, as he had been slowly escalating since his arrival. Moreover, they were keeping a close eye on him because they believed that he would eventually act out. When he moved close to the point of acting out, staff was ready and kept him isolated from everyone else until the police arrived. Staff believed that the reason for his escalation and maladaptive behavior was due to the internal stimuli he was likely responding to. Therefore, it appeared that staff also attributed his maladaptive behaviors to dispositional …show more content…
For example, if an individual exhibits highly competitive behavior one may wonder if he/she always acts that way or only acts that way under competitive circumstances (Kelley, 1973). Therefore, Kelly (1967) found that individuals use three factors to explain others’ behavior: a) consistency, b) distinctiveness, and c) consensus. Consistency referred to how consistent someone’s behavior is for a given situation (Kelley 1973). Explaining behavior through distinctiveness was attributing the behavior to situational factors. Finally, explaining behavior through consensus looked at whether other individuals acted similarly in the same
The most basic concept in social psychology is conformity. Conformity is the idea that behaviour or a belief is changed in order to follow, or conform, to what is considered the “norm.” One of the oldest experiments to support this notion was conducted in 1935 by Muzafer Sherif (Song, Ma, Wu, Li, 2012 p. 1366). There are two different types of
...ription of his foster parents, his foster siblings, are less than objective. I anticipate finding that his symptoms of anxiety attacks, fear of accomplishment, panic over being successful, fear of abandonment, can be interpreted as outward manifestations of unconscious conflicts that have their origins in childhood experiences and defensive reactions to these experienced that were necessary to him as a child.
Case introduction: A 19 year-old gentlemen, SS, presented to station 20N through the emergency department, following what was described by friends and family as “bizarre behavior.” SS had recently begun college at a local liberal arts school. He had done well during the first semester, but began to struggle academically during the second semester. Family attributed the decline in academic success to an increase in class size, which made SS uncomfortable. Several weeks prior to hospital admission, SS became increasingly isolated, spending the majority of his time in the dorm room and less time in class. Friends and roommates reported that SS was exhibiting bizarre behavior, often confiding in friends that he was being “spied on” by others and that people around him could “read his thoughts.” SS also endorsed a strange delusion in which those around him would blink simultaneously as a form of communication. All of the aforementioned events became overly distressing to SS and his family, so they sought medical help. SS had a limited psychiatric history for which he had seen a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist had put him on an anti-psychotic medication some months prior, but SS self-discontinued the medication after just a several week trial. As a result of the above, and a lack of explanation regarding the past psychiatric referral, the events were described as “first-episode psychosis.” Discussion regarding the diagnostic work-up followed.
There are some human phenomena, which seem to be the result of individual actions and personal decisions. Yet, these phenomena are often - on closer inspection – as much a result of social factors as of psychological ones.
My sister, Caitlyn Passaretti, was an RA her sophomore year at Boston College. As a resident assistant Caitlyn had to have an open door policy and help her residents through anything that they went through. Most of her residents used her as a source of strength to help them get through the challenging adaptation to college life; however, there were a few students who did not. Some of the ones that did not like to speak with her were simply shy or thoroughly adjusted to living on their own in a college environment. However, there was one boy (we will call him Greg) who suffered from antisocial personality disorder. Greg was a challenge for everyone in the hall and even the entire dorm some nights. He would often drink extreme amounts, putting himself and everyone around him at risk, and he never seemed to be bothered by that fact. Caitlyn did not know that he had antisocial personality disorder until several unfortunate circumstances led her to put two and two together. Greg’s roommate (we will call him Max) came to Caitlyn, as his RA was at class, and informed her that he was seriously concerned
The astute reader may notice that this review does not include any papers that did not find a false consensus effect. The reason for this is not that this paper is not representative of the literature, but rather, that it is. The uniformity of the literature suggests that the phenomenon is fairly common. Some interesting arguments as to why this is are motivational or cognitive in nature. The motivational premise is based in the idea that people are motivated to believe that they have a place in their social environment. This argument is a based in self-justification, in that if many people share a given belief or behavior, it makes it easier to justify that this attitude or behavior is either right, or not as bad as it might seem.
There were often some cases where my patient became very agitated and was verbally aggressive. Mr Grey also refused to have any treatment and began to refuse to have his observations done regularly which became a huge concern for the team and I as we previously knew
Further Reading Mullen, B., Atkins, J. L., Champion, D. S., Edwards, C., Hardy, D., Story, J. E., & Vanderlok, M. (1985). The false consensus effect: A meta-analysis of 115 hypothesis tests. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 262-283. Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The false consensus phenomenon: An attributional bias in self-perception and social perception processes.
suggests as the therapist acts like an animal when she opens the door. Acting irrationally by
The second motive that explains why people conform according to Deutsch and Gerard, (1955) is based on informational social influence. According to Festinger, (1950, 1954 in Hogg & Vaughan 2007) this type of influence is associated with uncertainty. Here individuals are uncertain and lack knowledge as to how to behave in certain situations. Festinger referred to this as social comparison in which individuals are not fully confident about their beliefs, attitudes and opinions and therefore yield to majority in order to be correct. This occurs particularly under ambiguous conditions and is clearly demonstrated in Asch’s (1956 in Hogg and Vaughan 2007) and Sherif’s (1936 in Hogg and Vaughan 2007) studies in which participants converged on similar answers particularly when the tasks became extremely difficult for them to be able to rely on their own judgments (in Bailey et al.
However, each of the behaviors can be used individually or collectively as different situations call for different behaviors (Whitener, 2007). Follower characteristics describe how an individual will interpret ...
The first theory is the fundamental attribution error. This theory argues that people tend over estimate the role of dispositional factors and underestimate the situational factors. Psychologists argue that this is such a common error because humans tend to think of themselves as flexible, and ever changing. People do not like to think of themselves as a “type” of person. When a person does not have enough information to make a balanced decision they attribute behavior to disposition. In Western culture placing the blame on the individual is a common practice. An important study to investigate fundamental attribution is Lee et al. (1977). The aim of his experiment was to see if students would make the fundamental attribution error even when they knew that all the actors were just playing a role. In the study, Lee assigned students a role. They were assigned as either a game s...
After completing the assessment exercise I have been able to carefully my personality. The exercise consisted of an evaluation of four areas: Locus of Control, Personality Type, Stress Reactions, and Learning Styles.
I began my journey as a Talonette my freshman year with the sole purpose of my sister trying out. I made a last minute decision to tryout for the team the day of the audition meeting. It was one of the best decisions I have made in my life. Once I found out I made the team I was so excited! I knew I would be making lots of friends and great memories.
Growing up in my family,(mom, dad , brothers) was/ is pretty rough. My dad and oldest brother got into drugs when I was younger, and that made a big impact on me and everyone else. It started with my dad, acting like a dumbass around the family, and my brother somehow followed. My dad, I have no idea when he started using but, my brother started using around seventeen or eight teen. My dad was always mad that he was going to end up like him, so he would try to talk to him but they were both disrespectful and the always ended up fighting.