Part C: Species Common Name - Peregrine Falcon anatum (Scientific Name: Falco peregrinus anatum) Common Name - Peregrine Falcon tundrius (Scientific Name: Falco peregrinus tundriu) Risk Status: Special Concern Peregrine Falcon status is special concern as this species was affected mainly by DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) and PCBs (poly chlorinated biphenyls). DDT was used in 1950s and 1960s to control populations of insects. PCBs were previously used by industries. The adult Peregrine Falcon had high amount of DDT and PCBs by the process of bioaccumulation (when they eat more and more prey DDT was build up over time) and biomagnification (as falcon is the apex predator /top predator – The concentration of DDT progressively increases in food chains from bottom to top tropic level). Affected birds produced thin shell eggs that usually broke in the nest. This led the Falcons to produce lesser number of young birds than usual. Peregrine Falcon anatum was designated endangered in 1978, threatened in 1999 and 2000), Peregrine Falcon …show more content…
tundrius was designated threatened in 1978 and Special Concern in 1992. In April 2007, Peregrine Falcon anatum/tundrius was designated Special Concern in April 2007. After DDT and PCBS were banned and 524 Peregrine Falcons were released across Ontario, the population of Peregrine Falcon anatum/tundrius has continuously increased since 1970’s. Still the population of Peregrine Falcon anatum/tundrius is lower than the historic numbers. COSEWIC designated this species are in special concern. Niche: Peregrine falcon hunt using a variety of techniques, but usually it spot prey from high above and dives down at mind blowing speed (320km/hr) knocking out prey with its beak, wing or talons damaging it badly; also they do fast pursuit tiring the bird quickly. Peregrine falcon preys mainly on pigeons, starlings, shorebirds, blackbirds, jays, and waterfowl but at times they will eat mammals, insect, or reptiles. Peregrine falcons nest on ledges of rocky cliffs, near water and buildings (in urban areas). Back in the day’s peregrine falcon were often used for falconry (it’s when they train falcons to do hunting for them), this is still being down, but thanks to enforcing laws and fines, there are less falcons used for falconry as there used to be. The population of many types of birds (e.g. perching birds, waterfowl, and shorebirds), bats, rodents and other mammals, Peregrine Falcon feed on, will increase in the ecosystem when the population of Peregrine Falcons decreases. http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=995 http://www.rom.on.ca/ontario/risk.php?doc_type=fact&id=108 http://nwtspeciesatrisk.ca/en/species/peregrine-falcon-anatumtundrius-complex http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=995 Common Name: Whale, Killer (Northeast Pacific southern resident population) Binomial Name: Orcinus orca Risk Status: Endangered. Killer Whales are potentially at risk by human-related activities such as discharging toxic chemicals in ocean, reduction in prey availability – by over fishing, impact by whale watching industry, fishing boat/human interactions, live-capture fisheries, entanglement in fishing gear, collisions with vessels - exposure to oil spills. Natural factors such as mass stranding or entrapments in narrow inlets or ice drastically reduce the numbers of Killer Whales locally. Moreover recovery will take more than one generation as the species’ growth rate is very slow. As the population of Killer Whales is small and declining, and the decline is expected to continue, the species is designated under endangered. Niche: Killer Whales are the apex predator in food chains. They are found in all oceans, not affected by the depth of the ocean, water temperature, or salinity. They spend considerable time in brackish water and at times they come into the rivers! Killer Whales feed on a wide range of prey, including squid, octopus, bony and cartilaginous fish, sea turtles, sea birds, sea and river otters, dugongs, seals, penguins, other cetaceans, and different types of whales. However, individual populations appear to specialize on particular types of prey, this Killer Whale’ population is specialized at hunting minke whales, gray whales, seals, penguins, and sometimes even sperm whales and blue whales)! As Orca is an apex predator in marine biome and are found at all level in ocean, they play a major role keeping their ecosystems in check - ‘trophic dynamics’. A reduction of Orca population results in an increase in the number of next lower tropic level predators (e.g. seals, otters, squids) which cause a decline in prey populations (e.g. fish, krill), - ‘Top Down trophic cascade.’ http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=699 http://www.tgsci.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=141:apex-predators-their-impact-and-importance&catid=42:blog&Itemid=120 Common Name: Redfish, Acadian (Atlantic population) Binomial Name: Sebastes fasciatus Risk Status: Threatened Status Criteria: A2b (threatened) This species met the criteria for endangered, but was chosen to be threatened, because the species is distributed widely, there are several hundred million mature individuals in its population, and population is increasing in some areas, also the species population is stable. The Acadian redfish feeds on several crustaceans such as: mollusks, and smaller fish. It is prey for the halibut, the Atlantic cod, swordfishes and harbor seals. This fish is native to the waters of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean to Virginia, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia, western Greenland and Iceland. It lives deep down varying between 70 and 500m! http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/searchdetail_e.cfm?id=699&StartRow=1&boxStatus=3&boxTaxonomic=5&location=All&change=All&board=All&commonName=&scienceName=&returnFlag=0&Page=1 Redfish Deepwater As with other members of the family Sebastidae, this species is long-lived (maximum age about 75 yr), late-maturing (generation time 16-18 yr), and highly vulnerable to mortality from human activities. Recruitment is episodic, with strong year-classes only occurring every 5-12 years. Abundance of mature individuals has declined 99% in areas of highest historical abundance over about two generations. However, since the 1990’s, there has been no long-term trend in one area, and trends have been stable or increasing in other areas where large declines have been previously observed. Directed fishing and incidental harvest in fisheries for other species (bycatch) are the main known threats. Fisheries in parts of the range of this designatable unit (DU) are currently closed, but remain open in other areas. Bycatch in shrimp fisheries has been substantially reduced since the 1990s by use of separator grates in trawls, but could still be frequent enough to affect population recovery. http://archive.nafo.int/open/sc/1997/scr-97-092.pdf Bibliography Bateman, R. (2007). Peregrine Falcon and Pygmy Falcon. In C. Jackson & I. Romain (Eds.), Birds of Prey An Introduction (pp. 22-23). Toronto, Canada: Scholastic Canada. Blake, L., Mazza, M., Mills, A., Mustoe, F., Ross, J., Stiff, T., ... R.Robinson, B. (2009). Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow (1.2 The Biosphere and Energy). In M. Anderson, K. Hamilton, B. Robinson, G. Von Euer, C. Shortt, L. Jenkins, et al. (Eds.), ON Science 9 (p. 26). Whitby, Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. COSEWIC Species Database: Falcon pealei subspecies, Peregrine. (2002, January 21). Retrieved September 27, 2014. (Should I show website)
http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/searchdetail_e.cfm?id=138&StartRow=1&boxStatus=2&boxTaxonomic=All&location=All&change=All&board=All&commonName=&scienceName=&returnFlag=0&Page=1 http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct0/assessment_process_e.cfm http://cooperbeauchesne.com/upload/images/publications_1165812887.pdf http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/searchdetail_e.cfm?id=995&StartRow=1&boxStatus=All&boxTaxonomic=All&location=All&change=All&board=All&commonName=&scienceName=Falco%20peregrinus&returnFlag=0&Page=1 http://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/factsheets/pdf/Falco_peregrinus.pdf http://novascotia.ca/natr/wildlife/biodiversity/pdf/statusreports/sr_PeregrineFalcon.pdf http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/wildlife/endangeredspecies/sr_boreal_felt_lichen_e.pdf http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/e/ecological_niche.htm Part D: Reflection Disturbing the nature is like cutting the branch that our future generation sits on. The endangered species have a big impact on the environment and they affect people and other animals globally.The issue of endangered species is not only made by natural disaster (e.g. Killer whale population reduces during winter-ice periodically by stranding or entrapments in narrow inlets) but also by human activities. Habitat destruction is the single greatest threat to world biodiversity. Overexploitation (e.g. unsustainable hunting), pollution (e.g. discharging toxic chemical in the environment), invasive species (threatens many local species with extinction), climate changes (global warming) are also increasing the loss of biodiversity. The increasing loss of biodiversity will likely have much more devastating effects on other species extinctions – ecological cascade effect. Disturbing the nature is like cutting the branch that our future generation sits on. The government and organizations should take more serious actions to restores the sustainable: implement strict sustainable forestry practices; restore the soil by bioremediation (use of living organism to clean up the polluted soil naturally), bioaugmentation (the use of organism to add essential nutrient to not fertile soil); prevent the introduction of invasive species; protect the endangered species (e.g. Man-Made Habitat - ex-situ conservation, Native Habitats - in-situ conservation by establishing ‘Protected Areas’); Industries and Individual should use resources in a more sustainable way. Change of human habits will help to restore the sustainable environment one day: reduce toxic emission; sustainable agriculture, construction, and business practices; individual self-vigilante about the environment (e.g. reduce, reuse, recycle habit; use energy wisely, plant and eat locally produced food). Collaboratively, the Government, organizations, industries and individuals should take actions to correct the damage made by human to ecosystem. Humans also contribute to global warming and deforestation, which puts animals endanger as well Knowing about endangered species is very important because the more we know, the more we can do to help the animals that are in danger of extinction The endangered species have a big impact on the environment and they affect people and other animals globally. http://emmamendangeredspecies.weebly.com/personal-reflection.html
In the novel The Wings of a Falcon, the author Cynthia Voigt uses the structure of an adventure tale to tell the story of courage and bravery. Oriel, an orphan boy with his friend Griff, encounter many hardships to earn the title of the Earl. In this story, the author uses the literary devices of setting, characterization, and symbol, which all make the book an interesting one to read.
Thesis Statement: Mary Aprarico Castrejon’s essay “The Fighter Bird” reveals her family’s poor living situation and the grit which members of her family, like herself and her papi, have despite of their situation.
By the name of “superspecies” we try to change the world feature and control the nature with science. With science, a lot of technology has been invented to support people demand for products. Without anticipation about the bad consequences, sometime the invention is causing more damaged than it provide in later on. In 1930, DDT that use for killing insect was discovered by Paul Mueller, working for the chemical company Geigy in Switzerland. For this reason, the benefits of using DDT became immediately obvious (65). Years letter, the unbelievable side effect of using DDT was found. While Biologists investigated the decline of eagles and hawks, they discovered the hitherto phenomenon of “biomagnification”, which compounds gather as they are ingested up the food chain (67). DDT phenomenon proves that thinking like science is only to understand the world in separate pieces. It is lack of understanding the rhythms, patterns and cycles of the nature. Therefore, we need to think beyond the science to see the connections between us and nature because in the reality this world is the world of
The pesticide DDT banned in 1987 was a detrimental to the environment leading to it to be banned in 1987. DDT remains in the soils for a long period of time. The chemicals affect the ecology of the soil and water run off causing contamination of livestock and native animals and aquatic species. Studies indicated a range of human health impacts from DDT including cancers, infertility, miscarriage and nervous system impairment. The social and economic impact of DDT use in viticulture was significant.
In Dashiell Hammet’s The Maltese Falcon, the "black bird" serves as a crucial link connecting Sam Spade and Brigid O’ Shaughnessy. The black bird functions as the structural bond of Spade and Brigid’s relationship because it represents their greed and desire for wealth. Hammet points out that the Brigid’s greed for the bird causes her to utilize detective Spade as a tool: "Help me, Mr. Spade. Help me because I need help so badly, and because if you don’t where will I find anyone who can, no matter how willing?" (Hammet 35). This quotation illustrates Brigid’s submissiveness and dependency on Mr. Spade to help her. But later she becomes the dominant figure when she utilizes her monetary wealth to her advantage: “She opened handbag with nervous fingers and put two hundred-dollar bills on Spade’s desk” (Hammett 9). Spade admits his greed when he says, he only “believed [Brigid’s] two hundred dollars” (Hammett 33) and not her story. The narrator illustrates how Spade views money as an adequate payment for his time. Spade and Brigid represent both the real black bird and the fake black bird because of their faulty façade, which cover up their true personalities.
Early in history DDT was a very effective chemical that killed many parasites and stopped the mass spread of malaria. But the reward is not worth the damage that it does to the environment, especially in modern day where we have other ways to prevent parasite and diseases from getting to us. "Top of the Food Chain" by T. Coraghessan Boyle, is a story about the absolute absurdity of things that human beings do to their world and to their fellow living beings. Set during a Senate hearing by a chemical company executive on the defensive about the effects of DDT in Borneo. Basically, poison was used to get rid of mosquitoes. Didn't work. So they brought in geckos, that died from the poison. Cats ate dead geckos, and cats died. This brought on rat infestation. So they brought in more cats and cycle started over again. He is arguing that humans are wrong for destroying their planet with pesticides and other harmful things; this satirical piece effectively supports his argument.
In 1782, the bald eagle was elected as the national symbol of the United States of America, yet by the early 1960’s, it was nearly extinct in the Continental United States. A combination of many dangers, with the main danger being the pesticide DDT, the bald eagle was on the verge of extinction. Yet, through conservation measure applied by the United States government the bald eagle cam back from the brink and was taken off of the endangered species list in 2007.
The Maltese Falcon, was not only a detective film, but a film that displayed many different aspects of the female and the male character in the movie. The film was more than a story, but a story that explored the ideas of the detective genre and the different characteristics of femininity and masculinity. It also brought forth subjects of sexual desires and the greediness of money. The characters and the visual motifs in the film contributed to the developing of the plot and assisted in creating a more detective and gender oriented film. In the film, The Maltese Falcon, the role of men and women are portrayed in different ways in the film to show the distinct functions of masculinity and femininity between the characters.
Evidence provided to support these claims of human and wildlife harm is largely from laboratory studies in which large doses are fed to test animals, usually rats or mice, and field studies of wildlife species that have been exposed to the chemicals mentioned above. In laboratory studies, high doses are required to give weak hormone activity. These doses are not likely to be encountered in the environment. However the process of bioaccumulation can result in top-level predators such as humans to have contaminants at levels many million times greater than the environmental background levels (Guilette 1994). In field studies, toxicity caused by endocrine disruption has been associated with the presence of certain pollutants. Findings from such studies include: reproductive disruption in starfish due to PCBs, bird eggshell thinning due to DDT, reproductive failure in mink, small penises in alligators due to DDT and dicofol (Guillette 1994, Colburn et al 1996). In addition, a variety of reproductive problems in many other species are claimed to be associated with environmental contamination although the specific causative agents have not been determined. One recent discovery that complicates the situation is that there are many naturally occurring "phytoestrogens", or chemicals of plant origin that exhibit weak estrogenic properties.
Avianna was born to a prestigious family in the supernatural community as well as one of the first families of vampire hunters in Poland. While they may have been respected among other hunters the people of their village seen them as eccentric and did their best to keep distance between the Baran's and themselves as possible. While they didn't live in the village, favoring the solitude of the mountains over the village, when they did venture down for supplies it was obvious from the looks they received that they were all thought to be crazy. She was never given the chance to speak to the other villagers as her mother always kept her close, clinging onto her hand like something was going to swoop in and steal her away. From a very young age, her mother preached to her about never trusting anyone because they very well could be one of the monsters they had pledged their lives to hunt.
once trained by kings to hunt and bring back kills. This sport, called Falconry, is still
Chemical exposure is yet another serious concern for the Florida panther. Mercury and pesticides are some of the most common chemicals that affect the animal’s population. Florida panthers are carnivores, and their diet mostly consists of wild animals like raccoons and deer (Florida Panther). Mercury, which is found in rain water can transform into harmful bacteria. This bacteria is consumed by wild fish coming in contact with the rain water. Some wild animals, like raccoons, then eat fish from rivers or lakes and, in turn, are hunted by Florida panthers (Handbook). Exposure to this chemical can cause the Florida panther to have severe problems, like liver damage, due to the poisoning effects of mercury. Pesticide residues are another way that the Florida panther is exposed to chemicals in its ever decreasing environment (Handbook). Pesticides which humans have applied to wild grass and plants are
The Gulf of Mexico oil spill has had an extremely negative effect on the surrounding wildlife and ecosystem. The oil spread across the gulf contaminating any living organism that came into direct or indirect contact with it. The oil cuts off the ability of oxygen from the air to move into the water which directly harms fish and other marine wildlife that require that oxygen. The dispersant that the BP is using to try and break up the oil moves the slick into the entire water column which contaminates the ocean floor which would most likely not have seen any damage if it wasn’t for the use of these dispersants. More than 400 species that live in the Gulf Islands and marshlands are at risk and as of November 2 s...
From a man’s perspective the only way to a girls heart is through fame and fortune. Women would deny this fact at all costs, but they are still sitting silently for a pricey ring to be placed on their finger so the guy can prove his true love. Is it true that money is the only way to show that you love someone? Could money be the reason that you actually fall in love with someone? This is a commonly argued question throughout society and history. I personally think that money does not really control the situation for a girl unless you are like many people say, a gold digger. Within Federigo 's Falcon there are three main messages that are being conveyed; the author attacks the common patriarchy, the author questions whether or not you should
Using DDT will have a serious, negative impact within the environment. Back in the 1940s, DDT was used for agricultural and domestic purposes. While its effectiveness was off killing mosquitos at a rapid rate, the mosquito population was not the only one declining. Populations of animals in areas treated with DDT started dropping