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Representation of women in the Odyssey
Roles of women in Homer
The role of women in Odyssey
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Penelope’s Cleverness In the Odyssey, written by, Homer Penelope seems, at first, to be portrayed as someone constantly weeping for her husband, while being oblivious to the struggles of her kingdom. However, the story actually portrays her as someone who is in control of her surroundings. Penelope is torn at the thought of not seeing her husband again. Back when Penelope was alive it was not proper for a lady to be with more than one man and Penelope knew this. She did not wish to be with more than one man, so she used her weeping to distract her suitors so she would not be looked at with disgrace in her century. After twenty years Penelope is given strength, while pretending to be oblivious, in a categorical way Penelope demonstrates her …show more content…
With confidence, Penelope speaks up “if only Odysseus came back home to on native soil now, he and his son would avenge the outrage of these men—like that!” (17.600-01). In the Quote one is able to notice that Penelope is trying to get a spark out of her son, to see how he would reply to her after having found out that her husband is said to be on the island from the god Theoclymenus. Penelope realizes that her son said that he did not speak to Odysseus but she senses that her son may be lying to her. Moments after Penelope voiced how she wished for her husband to be home her son “shock with a lusty sneeze like a thunderclap resounding up and down the halls” (17.602-03). At this point in the book Penelope has already been told about the arrival of a beggar and she has formed an idea that the beggar may be her husband. Penelope speaks in response to the sneeze, “bring me this stranger now, face –to-face! You hear how my son sealed all I said with a sneeze?” (17.606-07). This response shows that Penelope got what she wanted, which was to get her son to reveal what she believed to be true this whole time. The belief was that the beggar is her husband which is confirmed when she said: “bring me the stranger now” (17.606). Homer portrayed Penelope as oblivious but the sneeze shows that she is able to pick up on the little things …show more content…
Penelope sent the swineherd Eumaeus to get the beggar so she could speak to him, Eumaeus returns alone but she does not take this negatively instead she notes that the stranger is being smart. She Points out that the stranger is “nobody’s fool” (17. 653) and that “he sees how things could go” (17.654). At this moment readers, along with Penelope are able to realize that if the beggar was a true beggar he would have come the instant he was directed but instead the beggar chooses to say no and tells Penelope when they will meet up. For a beggar to say not to Penelope, back in the time of the Odysseus it was unheard of. when a visitor or beggar was instructed to meet with the head of the household they are directed to do so the instant they are asked. The beggar did not do this and Penelope is able to pick up on it. Penelope at this point is intrigued and curious to the possibility that the beggar is her husband, due to what the god Theoclymemus told her. With confidence Penelope uses her words carefully due to not wanting to reveal too much, she says, “surely no men on earth can match that gang for reckless, deadly schemes” (17.654-55). She says that the suitors are the worst men she will face and that the stranger can be no worse than them so she will wait like the stranger instructed. This critique was not portrayed by
Upon hearing of the travels of the beggar, Penelope is very interested to question him as to whether he has ever crossed paths with her husband Odysseus. The story that Odysseus tells her is for the most part untrue. However, he does give specific details as to what clothes he had worn, so that Penelope would believe that the story was truthful. The beggar then goes on to tell her that Odysseus is coming back to Ithaka in the very near future. It is at this point that Penelope first thought that the beggar could actually be her husband Odysseus, as she was overcome with emotions, and began to cry. From this point on ...
There was kind of ambiguity when the Odyssey and Penelope started to talk to each other’s after the maid had wash his feet. When Penelope described her dream as she said about the eagle who came and killed all the suiters whom she would not like to marry with and talked to her with a human voice, telling her that he is her husband. I also found Odysseus responds tricky a little bit, because sometimes he is about to say that he is Odysseus and sometimes his responds are just like a new story to Penelope. The poor Penelope did not recognize her beloved husband Odysseus, because she is certain that he died many years ago. However, she held her hope like a woman holding a candle in the middle of the dark. She could not forget her husband and it
She could have moved on after a little while, but she didn’t marry any of the suitors that were trying to court her; instead she was hopeful and believed that Odysseus could come back after 20 years. In the story, while Odysseus is gone, many suitors have come to try to court his wife, Penelope. But, Penelope doesn’t want to marry any of the suitors, she wants to marry Odysseus. When Odysseus, described as a beggar, comes to his house, Penelope immediately wanted her maid to “go get that man…[because]he may have heard rumors about Odysseus,” (Homer 1282-1285). The quotation proves that Penelope is an optimist because you can infer that when new people come, the first thing Penelope does is ask them whether they have seen or known Odysseus, because she doesn’t know anything about the beggar that makes him special to ask him about Odysseus, which shows that Odysseus is in her thoughts, and that she has hope that he can come home. Penelope is an optimist because she kept hope that Odysseus would come home
When Eurycleia is told by Penelope to wash the beggar, she notices a scar on his leg that is strikingly similar to the one her master had before he left for war. Immediately, she recognizes Odysseus but is sworn to secrecy as to not inform anyone of his arrival home. Obeying her beloved master, Eurycleia overcomes the instinct to run to Penelope and tell her that her husband is finally home. Not only does this event show how loyal Eurycleia is to Odysseus but “The incident also prepares for the importance of Eurycleia in the coming Homilia: she is more dangerous right now than the suitors” (Scodel 6-7). Illustrating the importance of Eurycleia in the final half of the epic, she is vital to Odysseus’s plan and has the power to easily ruin it with three words: Odysseus is home. If she says those three words to any other person in Ithaca, word will spread to everyone else like wildfire. Surely, then, the Suitors will be informed of Odysseus’s presence and instantly plan to murder him before he is able to regain his
In book XXIII of Homer’s The Odyssey, Penelope is informed that her husband Odysseus is alive and present by her “loyal nurse”. The nurse Eurycleia tells Penelope that the scar on the beggar’s, knee matches Odysseus’ but she believes that she has gone mad. She has slept through the entire bloodshed so she is unbelieving and must go see for herself. When she sees him with her own eyes she is still overcome with disbelief. Penelope is very cautious and believes that a trick is being played on her by a god. She tells the nurse Eurycleia to move her bridal bed “Nurse, bring the bed out from the master bedroom, the bedstead he made himself, and spread it for him […]”(184). This really upsets Odysseus and he says that it “cuts
The beggar assures Penelope that he has really spent some time with her husband in Amnisus because there was a terrible storm and, 'Then on the thirteenth day the wind died down and they set sail for Troy (Homer 397, 19.233-234).'; There are two statements that reassure Penelope that the beggar does know Odysseus. 'So I took Odysseus back to my own house, gave him a hero's welcome, treated him in style....';(Homer 396, 19.222-223) and 'A dozen days they stayed with me there.... (Homer 397, 19.228-229).'; By giving Penelope this information about her husband, it gives her hope that he is still alive and on his way home.
Such a society obviously places severe restrictions on the position of women and what is considered to be acceptable behaviour for women”. (Whittaker 39) Penelope is forced to step out of the typical Homeric Greek woman role in order to make sure Odysseus has a success homecoming. She does this by proving to be clever, like her husband, when she tricks the suitors, claiming that she will choose one once she finishes a burial shroud for Laertes. Every night she undoes the weaving she has done for the day. This works until some of her house servants catch her. Another example of this trickery, is her promise to marry any suitor that can string and shoot Odysseus 's bow. Penelope knew no one but Odysseus could do this. There are many different interpretations of Penelope 's role as a woman in this moment of the epic. Homer has Penelope show a role that isn’t what you would normally see in a Homeric Greek woman. She depicts that she can be just as manipulative as a man can
Firstly, Penelope who plays Odysseus’s wife is alone tending to her city Ithica until her husband returns. Meanwhile Odysseus is out fighting in the Trojan War and against many of the Greek God’s who are trying to make his trip back home as eventful and hard as possible; “…work out his journey home so Odysseus can return” (Homer 276). While King Odysseus is away Penelope is to deal with a bunch of suitors who are eating and trashing out Ithica, “…if those suitors have truly paid in blood for all their reckless outrage” (559). In order for Penelope to keep peace until Odysseus returns she has to come up with a clever plan to keep the suitors from completely taking over. For almost 2 years Penelope was able to keep the suitors from getting out of hand by saying she will find someone to marry and replace Odysseus after she is d...
She is loyal, having waited for Odysseus for twenty years, not remarrying, though she thought he was gone for good. She also plays a much more active role in the marriage she has with Odysseus. Perhaps the most defining characteristics attributed to Penelope involve her role as a woman, in marriage and as a presumed “widow”. First, there seems to be a double standard, like described in Calypso’s case, between the loyalty of Penelope and the loyalty of Odysseus. Penelope is physically and emotionally loyal to Odysseus, while Odysseus is only emotionally loyal, meaning he has had sexual relations with other women within the twenty years he has been gone. During this time period in Greek culture, this was not frowned upon and was quite normal, suggesting that women were held to a different standard than men. In addition, as Penelope is presumed to be a widow, at least by the suitors, she is prized solely for her beauty. The suitors speak only of her beauty and none of her intelligence or of her personality or soul. This suggests that marriage was not always about love, and that women were judged and valued merely for their beauty. This idea further proves the act of sexualizing women during this
In the ending chapters of The Odyssey Homer bring about many interesting points in which would bring us to believe that in fact Penelope had helped to slay the suitors. Penelope did not physically help to slay the suitors when Odysseus had been in the room killing them. It was Penelope’s actions leading up to this scene that may have helped Odysseus in his successful killing spree of the suitors. For the case of the argument we will discuss points in which it is believed that she had recognized him disguised as the old man, which gave her the ability to help Odysseus. On the other hand, the argument that she may have not recognized Odysseus would contribute us into believing that she did not help Odysseus to slay the suitors but that things
...lyphemus knows who blinded him so Odysseus calls back to the Cyclops to tell him that his name is Odysseus despite his men begging him not to. Because of his arrogance Poseidon punished Odysseus and his men and delayed their journey back home and caused a storm that made Odysseus shipwrecked. His arrogance also portrayed by Homer when he decided to listen to the Sirens instead of putting wax in his ears. He took a risky decision and his decision could have put him and his men in harms way. In contrast, throughout the story, Penelope appears to be humble. Instead of acting like Odysseus, Penelope never intends to make her name well known throughout the suitors. Instead she stays calm and encourages the suitors to stay home and make them think that they are welcome. Of course she hate the suitors but she never tells them to leave. This behavior contrast with Odysseus.
The tone in the beginning of this book is very frantic; it starts out with Eurycleia rushing through the hallways and into Penelope’s room to inform her of the good news. The old nurse tells Penelope that Odysseus is indeed back home to Ithaca. At first Penelope couldn’t believe it but when she was reassured she cry tears of joy. The tone then shifts to a calmer one, even a little harsh. When Penelope sees Odysseus in person she seems to show no emotion at all. The reason for all this is because she fears the Gods are playing a trick on her or maybe Odysseus is no longer the man he used to be. With these assumptions she keeps a distance from her husband. But then Odysseus proves himself to his wife by describing their bedstead in deep detail, with this Penelope is reassure that Odysseus has not changed after all these years. The tone then changes to a more happy and joyful one to go along with their reunion as husband and wife.
However, his journey isn’t over yet. This last leg of Odysseus’s journey is perhaps the most important and crucial. Odysseus’s nurse and maidservant, Eurycleia is the first woman in Ithaca to know that Odysseus is back after she recognizes the scar on his leg while she is washing him. Eurycleia vows to keep his identity a secret. Odysseus’s wife, Penelope has stayed faithful to Odysseus for all the years that he was gone. Penelope was consistently unweaving her web to the delay the suitors. The reader even grows sympathetic for Penelope as “we see her struggle to make the virtuous choice about her marriage, despite pressures from her suitors, her son’s endangered situation, and her own uncertainty about Odysseus’s survival” (Foley ). Finally, Odysseus reveals his identity and Penelope is bewildered, but quickly embraces her husband after he tells her the secret of their immovable bed. It is the faithfulness of Penelope and nurse Eurycleia that insures Odysseus’s survival to the very end.
The chief suitor, Antinoos, uses the word cunning to describe the queen after she had been able to deceive them (Homer 2.97). Penelope did this, firstly, by stalling her weaving, a task which she has insisted she must finish before she would be prepared to marry any of the suitors. However, Penelope never intended to complete her project, for “ ‘every night by torchlight she unwove it; / and so for three years she deceived the Akhaians.’ ” (2. 113-124). By unweaving the burial shroud - which she had been crafting for Odysseus’ father, Laertes - each night it was left incomplete, until an unfaithful maid told the suitors her secret. Despite having been discovered, Penelope’s ruse had successfully stalled the suitors for three - almost four - years. This would not be the last time she used her guile to delude the advances of her suitors. Nearing the end of the work Penelope proposes a challenge to these men, that who ever had the ability to string
She went upstairs to her room and her women And wept for Odysseus, her beloved husband, Until grey-eyed Athena cast sleep on her eyelids.” Also, she often weeps day and night for husband Odysseus’s return until the goddess Athena cast her to sleep. Moreover, in Book 1, Penelope becomes saddened by the music Phenemius was playing. Throughout Odysseus’ journey, Homer assures us that he loves Penelope regardless of the fact that he has episodes of cheating and being away from home.