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Overdiagnosis of adhd essay
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1. Summary
Pearson Education Inc. is a company that strives to provide education to everyone in the world. They have created many tools, products and services in order to ease the process of learning. Pearson has a hand in almost every form of education, ranging from grade school to university, and even professional learning. I have personally been exposed to the tools Pearson creates throughout my educational life. From developmental reading assessments in grade school, to just a few weeks ago a Pearson Mechanical Amplitude test for a company I was looking to work for. More specifically, Pearson creates clinical assessments that are meant to perform activities such as ADHD diagnosis, working memory training, and monitoring children’s mental development (“Patent Notice”). They have done extensive research and obtained many patents while creating these clinical assessments. The warning letter to be discussed in this paper is over the Quotient ADHD System, a tool used to aid in the clinical assessment of ADHD. Pearson Education’s mission is to allow people to progress through learning, which is reflected in each product they develop.
2. FDA Interactions While Pearson Education develops a wide range of products, serval being classified as clinical
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The company was deceiving the public in order to promote the product, likely to increase profits. According to Chilakamarri ADHA is commonly over diagnosed, which can result in usage of unnecessary medication (“Chilakamarri”). Therefore, by overly promoting a product’s accuracy, the health of the public could be jeopardized. Altogether, Pearson violated fundamental canon number one and three of Vallero’s Appendix 1. These cannons state that engineers must hold paramount the health and wellbeing of the public, and must issue public statements truthfully,
...sic motives, but this need can be as primal and compelling as any of the others.”(Fowles, 147). Readers are curious to know if the product is known or not harmful for their bodies. Advertisers are including informations, but at the same time they’re trying to catch the readers’ attention by “the need to satisfy curiosity”.
Thomas Jefferson was a man who believed that all American citizens need to be educated so that they may exercise their rights. He saw public education as essential to a democracy. One proposal he made for public education would guarantee that all children could attend public schools for three years. However, much like other early school reforms, this proposal received much rejection and was never brought into being. Despite this rejection, Jefferson still believed that America needed public education. Eventually, he opened the University of Virginia. Even though his bills and proposals to benefit public education never saw the light of day, he still made many contributions to public education by providing the foundation on how a democracy should handle educating its
In the study of The Way Schools Work we learned to question the ideals of meritocracy and the American dream. However, Conflict Theories challenge the system of meritocracy, in which people are sorted and selected on the basis of talent and ability. On the contrary, “Conflict Theories, on the other hand, imply a system of inheritance in which people’s life chances are largely determined by their starting point within an existing structure of inequality” (McNamee and Miller Jr. 2014, 11). According to these theorists mentioned in The Way Schools Work (Boudin 1974; Bowles and Gintis 1976; Carnoy 1972; Carnoy and Levin 1985; Persell 1977), they speak about how schools reproduce status in several ways. First, they use formal language, and hold
ADHD and other disorders. In this paper I will prove that ADHD is over diagnosed
The internet is widely used with massive amounts of information at the tips of ones fingers. Kids Health is a website that has been around for almost twenty years. Having four sites in one, with sections for parents, kids, teens, and educators ensures them an audience of all ages and backgrounds. Kids Health, dedicated to providing the audience with wide prospective, factual advice, and comfort on a wide range of physical, emotional, and behavioral issues affecting children and teens (Health, 2012). Kids Health’s knowledge about ADHD is what will be under review seeing as how it is a growing concern in our young people. With such an extensive audience and an emotional topic, this website needs to be current, accurate, objective, extensively covered, and use proper authority with the information given.
While the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association) put forth a list of behaviors which predominantly fall in the category of ADD and/or ADHD, many researchers still maintain that there is no set way to diagnosis or develop a treatment program to these disorders which will be guaranteed to work. At the same time there is another set of researchers who maintain that these disorders actually do not exist at all. However, in the real world, parents and educators still continue to struggle with the task of coping with children who are hyperactive and who have very low attention span and whose behavior often interferes with schooling and family life. [Armstrong, 1997]
ADHD is an exceedingly real diagnosis for many children in the United States. Are we over diagnosing our little ones just to keep from dealing with unpleasant behavior? “ On average 1 of every 10 to 15 children in the United States has been diagnosed with the disorder, and 1 in every 20 to 25 uses a stimulant medication” (Mayes, Bagwell, & Erkulwater, 2008). Several believe that virtually all ADHD diagnoses are retractable with appropriate discipline of children instead of being so hasty in medicating them. The material found on the CDC website describes facts about ADHD, it clarifies the signs, symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis tools, and treatment forms of ADHD. What the article neglects to go into is the reality that there is a considerable amount of controversy surrounding ADHD. The CDCs usage of ethos, pathos, and logos and by what method the website manipulates them to affect the reader will be the basis of this paper.
The CDC informs of the viewer of that there are a several steps to take for a diagnosis. Pointing out that there serval steps will aid the health care professional to determine if the child does indeed have ADHD and not misdiagnose the patent. Additionally, taking the all the steps in the diagnosis process can confirm or rule out that the patent does have ADHD. The web site informs the potential for other issues such as learning disability, anxiety or even depression (CDC website http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html). The CDC and other medical facilities are conducting continues research for ADHD. Additional research could mean better diagnosis, earlier intervention to treat ADHD. It is important to remember that the CDC is only giving information based research that has been conducted. A correct diagnosis must come from a qualified health care professional and not just reading it from a web
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This behaviour stops ADHD sufferers from focussing deliberately on organising and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy, learning new skills or information is proved to be impossible. An example of such behaviour is recognised by the report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behaviour. Such behaviour can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem. (National Institute of Mental Health 1999) There are also secondary symptoms which are associated with ADHD, such as learning disorders, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, tic disorders, and conduct disorders. (Spencer, Biederman, and Wilens 1999 in Monastra V, Monastra D, George, 2002)
ADHD is a disorder that has been on the rise for several years now. The disorder is one that can cause many impairments to a child’s attention span, making it difficult to concentrate and to keep on task, especially on schoolwork. (Graham, 2007) The statistics have been growing ...
Chandler, C. (2011). The Science of ADHD: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. New York:
Although American culture has changed over the years, parents today still want what is best for their children. Why then, are parents allowing their children to be put on medications that may have an adverse effect on their children? Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have increasingly been diagnosed among young children today. Parents should become more informed about the over diagnosing, side effects, results of the medication and all other pertinent information before they allow their children to become treated. In this research paper we are first going to look at why ADD and ADHD diagnosing has become so widespread. Then we will look into the side effects of Ritalin; the number one drug prescribed for ADD and ADHD. Finally, we will consider the results of the treatment.
Posner (2004, p. 36) discusses the importance of understanding the situational factors that lead to the development of a particular curriculum. This curriculum has been created as a response to the problem of technology skills and resources being typically isolated as a separate curriculum, rather than being integrated into the broader curricular areas. This leads to curricula that are often devoid of 21st century skills needed by students to ensure future success (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2004). The goal of the curriculum, therefore, is to focus on specific technology skills that can be readily integrated into other curricular areas without sacrificing critical objectives within those curricula and, in fact, enhancing the relevance and levels of engagement in those areas.
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that can affect any person’s behavior and way of life. In their book, Special Education, J.Ysseldyke and B. Algozzine state that no area has experienced as much growth as learning disabilities. It is by far the largest of all special education categories. Enormous changes in the last century have changed the way society treats children with disabilities. Psychologist William Lee Heward affirms that in the 1800’s there were few public provisions dealing with adults or children with special needs. Psychologists researched in order to discover the characteristics of a person with ADHD and the effects it has on human behavior. Teachers, parents, and other people have an important role in dealing with a person who has the condition. Special education today is an area of growing interest and of continuing controversies.
When it comes to implementing a curriculum everyone has an opinion. Whether it is the organization of the curriculum or the evaluation of the curriculum, everyone from administers, teachers, and parents will have their opinions on the new curriculum. The curriculum development group has many difficult decisions to make. They have to decide when and how to implement, who will be in charge, what data will be collected, and how will the curriculum be evaluated.