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Women's role in ancient societies
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Women in ancient times
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Although some women had power, most women were in patriarchy because society was run by men who had more power and were educated in an agricultural civilization. In Mesopotamia, men ruled over all women. Patriarchy may differ in different class as most women who were educated and literate could be free from their household. Women who worked under administration were likely to have more power over ones that work under agriculture or housings. Yet, women who had power were still having to go back home to see their husband and family. Women who were living with their family, or are single are more likely to be under patriarchy. Under patriarchy all women were looked upon as objects. They were properties you can buy, sell, or exchange. Women’s
Patriarchies ruled the world. It’s an almost in-arguable fact. That cannot be clearer than the example of Tang and Song China. Their views on women and why they were below were influenced by two main factors, religion, and social influences. The more powerful of the two is religion. Religion unites people, it controls their daily lives, it changes what people do. It also sets laws and boundaries. Therefore, leading to divisions in gender in some cases like that of Confucianism. There were also the influences of society the ‘status quo’ as so to say. This is what other people think about a way to do something one way or another so as to fit in. It also had a daily impact on the lives of people living in Song and Tang China. They were particularly influenced by views of marriage and beauty, for example, it was deemed not beautiful for a woman to have large feet in Song China. These factors of religion and societal influences continue to affect
Throughout history, women have been mistreated as the weaker gender. It has been evident throughout the epic of Sunjata, the history of Greek society as well as Indian society. It is evident today with the social classes we have formed that there are predominant gender roles in our society; history as we know tends to repeat itself.
Throughout the history of our society, women have gained a certain respect and certain rights over time. Such simple aspects of life such as getting a job, voting, and even choosing who they would like to marry are things that women have fought for, for many years. At one point, these were all things that women in America and parts of Europe had no right to. Men as a whole had suppressed women and taken control of the society. Despite mass oppression in history, women have risen in society and now posses these natural rights.
Roman, Greek, Persian, and Han women all had certain limits on what they could or could not do in each society. In all societies dating back from 600 B.C.E to 600 C.E. women were considered inferior to men but that doesn’t mean women did not have rights and roles they played in the community. Women’s roles in society throughout each civilization was different ranging from, their purpose being only to bear children to being commanders in war.
In many cultures, patriarchy is embedded in customs. Head of state, head of the family, leading positions would usually fall on a man, and woman would have the privilege to support them as implied second-class citizen. As Walter Lee said to Beneatha: “Who the hell told you-you had to be a doctor? If you so crazy ‘bout messing ‘round with sick people then go be a
Henrik Ibsen once said, “A woman cannot be herself in the society of the present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view.”(Notable Quotes) Ibsen’s statement exemplifies what life was like for women during ancient times. In many of the organized ancient civilizations, it was very common to find a primarily patriarchal civilization in government as well as in society. The causing factors can be attributed to different reasons, the main being the Neolithic Revolution and the new found dependence on manpower it caused. As a result of this, a woman found herself to be placed into an entirely different view in the eye of society. In comparison to the early Paleolithic matriarchal societies, the kinds of changes that came about for women due to the introduction of agriculture are shocking. Since the beginnings of the Neolithic era, the role and rights of women in many ancient civilizations began to become limited and discriminatory as a result of their gender.
Throughout Western history it was known to have this Patriarchal system in which the men are the head of the family, and community, during which these spheres between the male and female were divided, each having their own set of roles: the male in the public view and the women in the private view. The men worry about what is going on outside the home like politics, money, control over property while the women take care of what happens on the inside of the home doing things like taking care of the children and doing the house work. With these roles set in place the women have had a hard time being respected because of this Patriarchy.
The world is constantly changing and evolving. In every society across the world, men and women have specific roles that they each carry out. During ancient times, in most western cultures, women were inferior to men. Women’s status seemed to change in a pattern that repeated it self from one time period to another. Gradually, the status of women did change from political standpoints of the societies.
Some aspects of the lifestyle ancient civilizations lived almost seem appalling or intolerable when compared to the very developed and carefully shaped the world inhabited today. One of these characteristics of previous societies that prove to be rather challenging to conceive in current times consists of the lack of rights, privileges, and equity women had. Society maintained this assumption of a man’s superiority up until the women’s rights movement of the early twentieth century; yet with the two sexes essentially equal in America today, imagining a restricted life as a female proves unfathomable. Looking back at the history of human kind, men almost always subdued women and treated them as property. When focusing on the first civilizations appearing thousands of years ago, particularly in the west, the differences between men and women in most cultures remained accentuated, strict, and very structured. However, each different society allotted different regulations pertaining to women for their citizens to abide by. One of these ancient cultures consisted of Babylon. With the evidence provided by Hammurabi’s Law Code, it remains clear that ancient Babylonian women exercised little rights and privileges, forced to mainly maintain the structural unit of family and the home.
It is difficult to fully understand the role of women in ancient Egyptian society because the understandings of the society and government are still incomplete. There are also two other major problems, those being that there is very little source material on women, and the material that has been found was biased by the ideas and minds of previous Egyptologists. The only source material that has survived from great kingdoms of Egypt is material that has been either found in tombs on the walls and sarcophaguses, or carved on major government and religious document. None of the writings on papyrus and other delicate materials survived. This material, which has survived, is the writings of the Egyptian literate male elite. In their writings the also did not show any emotions or feelings, this was not the style of the Egyptian people, writings were purely a record keeping device. Because of these limitations, “It is essential to avoid the temptation to extrapolate from the particular to the general, a process which can only too easily introduce error.”
Throughout history we see many factors that lead to the inequality of woman and to hierarchal governments dominated by men. Because there were many patriarchal society’s in history; legal inequalities, customs and religions were passed down through historical periods that imposed upon women based on the fact that women are biologically weaker than men physically and mentally. During the 1800s the theory that the weaker sex should be subordinate politically and socially to the stronger sex was quite common. This lead many to question whether patriarchy is inevitable biologically due to the fact that it favors men physically, or whether it is unnatural because it forms discriminations and inequalities based on power relations between the males and females John steward Mills essay the subordination of women helps us to understand the controversial perspective of patriarchy and the social theories based on societal opinions in the 1860s.
When a person says “Patriarchy” we tend to think of male dominance. This idea that men rule the word and women are just there to stand by them and do what they say. Before there were women's rights, women were seen as property to their husbands and they had total dependency on them. This was called coverture and it was the law in the 1900’s, “The status of a married woman considered as under the protection and authority of her husband”(dictionary). However in 21st century America things have come a long way for women than how they used to be. Women can vote, own property, write wills, make a higher income than men, all things that they could not do in the 19th century. If that dates too far back, it is still safe to say that things have come a long way in as little as 50 years. In Bell Hooks essay, Understanding Patriarchy, many of her ideas are outdated and refer back to a time when men had more control over women. As we move toward a future with more equal rights for everyone, women are starting to get the upper hand on men in all aspects.
Kandiyoti begins her analysis with a description of the multiple instances where the term patriarchy has been used in relation to the Middle East, before she goes on to define it for her own purposes. Radical feminists used the term as a means to explain the degrading placement of value on women, while marxists saw the male “superiority” of a patriarchal system as another classist, and thereby evil, category for the separation of people. By describing the changes in purpose that the term patriarchy has undergone, Kandiyoti begins to shape her own definition of patriarchy. By her meaning, patriarchy is the historical and social, inequality between the genders, in favor of males, that has an influence in multiple aspects of everyday life, including but not limited to; sustaining the family unit or the women’s roles in the social order. “Classic Patriarchy”, as Kandiyoti believes it to be, describes the male-lead households, that focus on the
Research Historically women have had strict limitations placed upon them, they have been considered inferior to men. The primary location for women was a domestic setting. They occupied their
Patriarchy is a social system in which families and societies are dominated by males as primary authority figures. Due to patriarchy, females have been disadvantaged in many aspects of life including employment, family life, crime, health, education and media. This has led sociologists to try and find out what causes gender inequality. Feminists would agree that patriarchy is the main cause of gender inequality, however, there are different strands of feminism and these different strands have different views. There are also other theorists, such as functionalists, Weberians and postmodernists who offer different views as to the causes of gender inequality.