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Healthcare reform over the years research paper
How healthcare has changed over the years
Healthcare reform over the years research paper
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The movie “Patch Adams” is based on the true story of the real Patch Adams, a man who thought laughter really was the best medicine. The movie shows how he discovers that humor can make anyone he runs into feel like they have meaning in life. He believed that even towards patients last days of life, laughter is important. Along his long path of becoming a doctor, he hits a bunch of bumps along the way. Some have to deal with legal and ethical issues that today might have been handled a differently than they were handled in the early seventies.
This movie began in 1969, when Hunter Adams admitted himself into a mental institution for severe depression, after trying to commit suicide. After being there a short time, he was able to realize that helping people was his true passion. After befriending some of the patients, he was able to help his roommate, Rudy, overcome his fear of squirrels so he could make it to the rest room. He was also able to better understand the “mad scientist”, Arthur Mendleson, who in turn
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gave Hunter his new nick name, Patch. Within weeks Patch decided that he had overcome his depression, and release himself from the institution, simply by walking out the front door. As the movie goes on Patch enrolls himself into medical school where he meets new friend Truman Shiff. Patch also slowly gains the trust of a pretty girl named Corinne Fisher. He shows them that it is better to treat patients on a personal level rather than referring to them by their disease or room number. They eventually all collaborate to open their own facility, where patients never had to pay and the crew treated patients with love and always having a sense of humor was a big deal. Word got back to Dean Walcott who did not like the idea of his first year medical students running an illegal medical facility. From this point on Dean Walcott was always trying to remove Patch from the medical school. One excuse he used was that Patch just didn’t fit in with the rest of the student body. Another reason was for illegally practicing medicine and opening a medical facility, As Patch fought to keep his facility open and staying enrolled in school, Patch and Corinne develop a romance. One night she tells Patch about her past and how as a child she was molested. Patch assures her that she will always be safe with him, because he loved her so much and would never hurt her. A few weeks prior they had taken on a disturbed patient named Larry, who had called the night of Corinne and Patch’s conversation and said that he needed someone to come to his house, for fear he was going to hurt himself. Corinne decided that she would make the house call on her own, which ended up with Larry murdering her. Patch was so distraught by the loss of his love that he decided to give up on his facility and school. After a short time he returned, after realizing that Corinn would never want him to give up on their dreams. He filed an appeal with the school to keep himself enrolled, and he won. He then graduated as a doctor, and finally had fulfilled his dreams. He was then legally able to run his facility, where still no patient paid for any of their services. There were some ethical issues that could be addressed in this movie. The fact that Dean Walcott tried to expel Patch merely for not “fitting in” with the student body. The Dean had a personal issue with Patch and trued everything in his power to have Patch removed from his campus. Patch also thought it was ethically wrong to address the patients by their disease or room number. He thought they should be known by their name and that doctors should know some kind of personal past of the patients, to develop more than just a patient doctor relationship with each other. Patch made it his goal to get one patient, Mrs. Kennedy her last wish fulfilled, to swim in a pool of noodles. He was also to make a significant breakthrough with the hospitals grumpiest patient and makes him see the brighter side of life during the patients last days. It should also be seen wrong that when a child is in critical condition and is admitted, possibly in their last moments of life, that the parents are stuck filling out paper work. They should be able to spend the last moments with their dying children. Some legal issues could have been dealt with if the setting had taken place in today’s age.
The Health and Accountability Act of 1996, also known as HIPAA is a law that enables the privacy and security of a patient’s medical record. Seeing as the time period of this movie was in the early seventies, not many laws were broken. One example of violation of HIPAA, if the events of this movie occurred today, would be when the nurses gave Patch information about the grumpy cancer patient, or any medical information about other patients. Another example, is the fact that Patch opened his illegal facility and practiced medicine out of it without being a real certified doctor. One last example is with Patch himself, although he was trying to thrive, he broke laws along the way. He stole the hospital’s medical supplies for his own facility, and that he took it upon himself to have contact with Dean Walcott’s patients before being in his third year of medical
school. Overall, the movie was very inspirational and a great way to show future doctors and nurses to see the do’s and don’ts of how to handle patients. It’s always better to treat patients like family, like they have some kind of meaning to this world. No one knows how long the patient will have, so why not treat them with compassion and respect. As Patch Adams would say, “Humor is an antidote to all ills.”
The Texas Medical Institute of Technology, through programs such as Chasing Zero, is bringing a public voice to the issue of healthcare harm. The documentary is a stirring example of the quality issues facing the healthcare system. In 2003, the NQF first introduced the 30 Safe Practices for Better Healthcare, which it hoped all hospitals would adopt (National Quality Forum, 2010). Today the list has grown to 34, yet the number of preventable healthcare harm events continues to rise. The lack of standardization and mandates which require the reporting of events contributes to the absence of meaningful improvement. Perhaps through initiatives such as those developed by TMIT and the vivid and arresting patient stories such as Chasing Zero, change will soon be at hand.
This shows the aspect of humor because, he wants to show he can do the impossible and become a world renowned scientist for solving one of man- kinds many ailments. Such as skin ailment and /or paralysis among other aliments he thinks of. He also develops a life under the use and abuse of drugs, crystal meth. He identifies himself with drugs, falling to the drug addict status, which impacts his life on a different setting, further explaining that he felt down after his dealer in drugs fly’s out of the country.
In the short stories “A Drug Called Tradition,” “The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor,” and “The Only Traffic Signal on the Reservation Doesn’t Flash Red Anymore” collected in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, author Sherman Alexie uses humor to reflect the life on the Spokane Reservation. In “A Drug Called Tradition,” the story starts with a joke by having Thomas sit down inside a refrigerator in response to Junior’s comment as to why the refrigerator is empty. The Indians are having a party hosted by Thomas, who gets a lot of money from a corporation for leasing some of his land. Alexie’s three second selves, Victor, Junior, and Thomas, later go to the Benjamin Lake and use the drug that Victor brings with him. In “The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor,” Jimmy Many Horses, who suffers from terminal cancer, humorously describes his tumors to his wife, Norma, who cannot bear Jimmy’s humor and leaves him. At the end, Norma comes back to Jimmy because the person she lives with is too serious. In “The Only Traffic Signal on the Reservation Doesn’t Flash Red Anymore,” Victor and Adrian talk about the basketball stars on the reservation, hoping that someone on the reservation can resist alcohol and develop his or her basketball skills to be a successful ballplayer. The function of Alexie’s humor shifts throughout his stories. In “A Drug Called Tradition,” Alexie’s humor effectively accomplishes one of his goals by obliging readers to reconsider their concepts, while his humor helps his characters improve their situations in “The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor.” In “The Only Traffic Signal on the Reservation Doesn’t Flash Red Anymore,” humor mitigates the characters’ pain and despair. One common function hum...
Since the formed President Bill Clinton signed HIPAA policy in to law, it has been a driving for the healthcare facilities though out the United State. This law has been shaping the healthcare facilities better conditions. HIPAA policy has causes the healthcare facilities to have document in place when a patient is admitted to the hospital seeing physician at clinic or all confidentiality document must be sign up on a admitted. When these documents signed, the patient and the others person who authorized to view any of the documents, for example: Medical records of the patient medication, diseases, tests results, etc.
According to the report provided by the consultant, the employees at this facility were not taking precautions in safeguarding the patient’s health information. Therefore, the employees at this facility were in violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). It is important for employees to understand the form of technology being used and the precautions they must take to safeguard patient information.
This case presents a very delicate situation that presents many legal and ethical questions. Do you tell your brother his partner has HIV? I would tell my brother, but the how and when, may vary based on circumstance. From a professional ethical standpoint, it would be unethical to disclose the patient’s HIV status without consent. It would violate the patient’s right to confidentiality, as it is the patient’s choice whom information may be shared with (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 50). It could also be argued that it is a violation of the principle of nonmaleficence. By providing the patient’s HIV status to people unbound by HIPAA, you are putting the patient at risk of discrimination. This could cause mental anguish or psychological issues, therefore, in essence, inflicting harm on the patient. The most valued application of nonmaleficence is, “One ought to not inflict harm” (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 42). This would outweigh the ethical argument that you are also preventing harm to your brother, another less important application of nonmaleficence (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 42). There is one professional ethical principle that I would argue was being applied. This being the principle of paternalism, stating that healthcare providers should do what they deem best for the patient according to their ability and judgment (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 47). If the patient had a sexual encounter with the brother, and did not inform him of her HIV status, she may be arrested for reckless endangerment according to Pennsylvania law. A case where an HIV-positive person did not disclose their status to their sexual partner was brought before the Pennsylvania Superior Court. According to Pennsylvania law, “Disclosure of HIV status is a defense ag...
She controlled every movement and every person’s actions and thoughts. She made the doctors so miserable when they did not follow her instructions, that they begged to be transferred out if. “I'm disappointed in you. Even if one hadn't read his history all one should need to do is pay attention to his behavior on the ward to realize how absurd the suggestion is. This man is not only very very sick, but I believe he is definitely a Potential Assaultive” (). This quote from the book illustrated how Nurse Ratched controlled her ward. She manipulated people into siding with her regardless of whether it was the right decision. This was malpractice by Nurse Ratched because she did not allow the doctor, who was trained to diagnose patients, to do his job properly. Instead, she manipulated the doctor to diagnose the patients incorrectly in order to benefit her interests rather than those of the
“The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 made it illegal to gain access to personal medical information for any reasons other than health care delivery, operations, and reimbursements” (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 166). “HIPAA legislation mandated strict controls on the transfer of personally identifiable health data between two entities, provisions for disclosure of protected information, and criminal penalties for violation” (Clayton 2001). “HIPAA also has privacy requirements that govern disclosure of patient protected health information (PHI) placed in the medical record by physicians, nurses, and other health care providers” (Buck, 2011). Always remember conversations about a patient’s health care or treatment is a violation of HIPAA. “All PHI is included in the privacy requirements for example: the patient’s past, present or future physical or mental health or condition; the provision of health care to the individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual” (Buck, 2011). Other identifiable health information would be the patient’s name, address, birth date and Social Security Number (Keomouangchanh, 2011). (Word count 197)
The movie entitled “Awakenings” is a visualization of Dr. Sack’s autobiographical account of his efforts in treating people afflicted with a neurological disease in hopes of regaining proper brain function. In its very essence the story circulates around the unyielding compassion of a doctor who
Agenda setting is the process that determines appropriate solutions to a certain problem of a given field (Kingdon, 3). The process itself consists of three streams: problems, policies, and politics (Kingdon, 16). These separate streams interact when windows of opportunity are open – solutions are fitted with problems, and the impetus for this relationship is amenable political forces (Kingdon, 20). Prominent agendas are determined by the problem or political streams, while solutions are crafted in in the policy stream (Kingdon, 20). In the field of health care, the agenda setting is based upon the high number of uninsured citizens, the rising cost of medical care, the development of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in response to this issue, and the key players that debate whether governmental involvement is the correct approach in the issue of universal healthcare.
... with an annual maximum of $1.5 million. For a more severe violation, such as a HIPAA violation due to willful neglect and is not corrected, the minimum penalty is $50,000 per violation, with an annual maximum of $1.5 million. In other words, there are civil penalties of $100 per violation, but if there are multiple violations with respect to a single individual then the penalties can be “stacked”. The maximum civil penalties are $25,000 per year, per person, per standard. If two standards were violated with respect to one person, the potential penalties could mount to as much as $50,000. Criminal penalties (up to a $250,000 fine and ten years in prison) may be imposed for "knowingly and improperly" disclosing information or obtaining information under "false pretenses", with higher penalties reserved for violations designed for financial gain or "malicious harm".
When confidential patient information is disclosed without consent it is a violation of the HIPAA Title II Security Rule. This rule was enacted in response to private information being leaked to the news and emails containing privileged information were read by unauthorized people. Identity theft is a real concern so patient privacy should be taken seriously. This is a rule can easily be broken without the offender feeling any malice towards the victim for example gossip and curiosity. Gossip in a medical office can have devastating effects on a health care facility’s reputation. Employees engaging in idle chatter to pass the time can inadvertently be overheard by patients or family members. Simply not using the patient’s name may not be enough if the person overhearing the conversation sees the resemblance. Professional behavior should be exercised at all times and juvenile behavior such as spreading gossip, has no place in a business that relies on its credibility. This rule will impact the way patient medical records are handled because we know the seriousness of it. Hospitals that don’t enforce HIPAA rules will have negative repercussions. The patient can have irreversible damage done to their view on the medical field and that hospital if their information is not treated with care. They may even feel so violated that they bring litigation against the hospital.
This paper will take into account the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Law and how all three branches of government are involved with the creation and analyze issues associated with the ACA. Subsequently the paper will describe the role of public opinion and lobbying groups. Thirdly this paper will evaluate the concepts of equity, efficiency, and effectiveness showcasing their role in the law and its passage. This paper will take into consideration the anticipated effects on cost, quality, and access, including discussing the balance of markets and the government. In closing this paper will highlight the anticipated effects on Medicare and aging as well as Medicaid and the poor. The ACA was signed on March 23, 2010 with the intention to offer all U.S. Citizens and residents a qualifying health care coverage plan. The law’s focus is to expand coverage, control health care cost, and improve health care delivery system.
Due to the affordable Care Act, the middle class will not have the finances to support the everyday cost of living in Indiana. Americans have a hard enough time surviving in the recovering economy. Now they have to deal with higher premiums and increased penalties if they do not sign up for the Affordable Care Act.
The sixth ethical issue arises when the client is denied access to his medical chart. Currently, HIPPA (2006) grants clients access to their medical records. An exception to this is if the information contained within the medical records is “reasonably likely” to cause harm to the client (HIPPA, 2006; APA, 2002). The records were unlikely to cause harm to the patient and, therefore, the client should have had access to them.