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Parenting styles and how they affect children
Effects of good and bad parenting styles
Factors affecting parenting style
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Parenting Styles And The Conditioned Mind One of the most important determining aspects of children 's outcome is the parenting style under which s/he was raised. Because the baby has not established any knowledge about the world or how to interact within it, the parent can be considered the first teacher in developing multiple habits, social techniques and roles, identity, and communication skills. Every step an individual takes, every word one speaks, they learn to control and monitor from the beginning of their life. Behavior is something that is learned, conditioned, and adjusted as needed during the evolution of the learning phase, where the parent holds a great weight in introducing and reinforcing the foundational beliefs a child will …show more content…
Authoritarian parents expect their children to accept their judgments and expectations with no questions asked, parents with authoritative parenting styles are direct and demanding, but responsive to their children. They are more willing to explain and elaborate on certain decisions and explain why an individual should “do or do not” in a given situation. Most would find this parenting choice unusual, but again, over the years it has taught many children great discipline and control. Parents with authoritative styles may find it has taught their children social leadership skills and communication etiquette. Parenting style has been found to predict child well-being in the domains of social competence, academic performance, psychosocial development, and problem behavior. Research based on parent interviews, child reports, and parent observations consistently finds: Children and adolescents whose parents are authoritative rate themselves and are rated by objective measures as more socially and instrumentally competent than those whose parents are non-authoritative (Baumrind, 1991; Weiss & Schwarz, 1996; Miller et al., 1993). By authoritative parents pursuing and continuing an authoritative and direct parenting style, it …show more content…
The child may feel the need to perform and excel in every area of their life in order to get recognition. Not only does the child then appreciate recognition when a goal or accomplishment is achieved, but sometimes they feel the need to control the outcome of their accomplishment by continuously seeking new ways to earn recognition. Continuous extrinsic motivations such as these may result in the child feeling that by enhancing their performance and getting recognition from their actions and accomplishments they can control what people think of them. In simplest terms, the danger of becoming a people pleaser is put into play. While an authoritative parent monitors and would most likely intervene to change this developing belief system, unfortunately, a non-authoritative parent may not be the first to take this initiative in their child’s life. This parenting style typically leads to behaviors in the child where they may perform well in school to please their teachers, however they may also feel anxious, withdrawn, and have a general unhappiness. They most likely will have trouble dealing with the frustrations in life, will generally follow traditional roles of social expectations, and will enter into adulthood with a general lack of the warmth, unconditional love and nurturance that children require as they
Authoritarian parenting tends to have a negative relation with their children’s cognitive performance on developmental tests and academic self-conceptions. The authoritarian parents’ beliefs about children have been found to directly correlate with low cognitive performance in the children because of the pressure they place on the child (Camp et al., 1982; Miller, 1988; Steinberg, Lamborn, Darling, & Mounts, 1994). Where authoritative parenting has been linked to different cognitive outcomes. The positive parental emotional support that is associated with the authoritative parenting style has been found to positively impact the overall cognitive functioning of children (Bretherton, 1985; Estrada, Arsenio, Hess, & Holloway, 1987; Mattanah, 2005).Thus leading the child to become more capable in abilities that are linked to cognitive achievements. Furthermore, positive parent-child relationships are linked to more responsiveness, which correlated with appropriate tutoring and scaffolding techniques, leading to better cognitive outcomes, when compared to children of authoritarian parents (Pratt et al.,
"When my kids become wild and unruly, I use a nice, safe playpen. When they’re finished, I climb out.” – Erma Bombeck. Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. Although individual children develop at their own pace, all children progress through an identifiable sequence of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. A child who is ready for school has a combination of positive characteristics: he or she is socially and emotionally healthy, confident and friendly; has good peer relationships; tackles challenging tasks and persists with them; has good language skills and communicates well; and listens to instructions and is attentive (World Bank 1). The interactive influences of genes and experience literally shape the architecture of the developing brain and the most important ingredient is the nature of a child’s engagement in the relationship with his or her parents (Bales 1). The parenting style of a mother or father has a strong and direct impact on the sequence of development through which the child progresses on the way to becoming a physically, mentally and emotionally healthy individual.
“Categorizing parents according to whether they are high or low on parental demanding and responsiveness creates a typology of four parenting styles: indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative, and uninvolved” (Darling, 1999). Each style is based on different
A parent is not only the loving mother who holds you close to her for nine months and then many years, or the dad who plays baseball with you and intimidates his daughter’s dates. It is someone who is there for you from the start, guiding you to the right path of knowledge and teaching you how to stay on the right path independently. A parent does not need to have any biological associations to the child in order to be a parent to them. A parent must have certain characteristics to be rightfully called a parent. For many years psychologists have defined ways to correctly support a child to adulthood for parents all over the world. Some people conclude their practice of parenting their children after the child reaches the age of 18, and some have the duty as a lifelong job. As years pass so do generations and media changes very constantly and plays a factor in how children act and respond to certain stimuli. There was a study done in 2009 and people in Poughkeepsie had answered a poll that revealed overall every age group finds it harder to raise a child in today’s day and age than it had been in previous generations, but the older the parent is, the longer the generation gap would be and that factors in the difficulty of understanding how media works with a child’s psychological set up. What a child watches on a television screen is what the child will imitate through behavior. However, parenting is not a book written by a doctor, parenting is having a family, and creating memories, also ensuring that your children live in a nourishing environment for their emotional, mental, and physical health. The accepted goal of a parent is to ensure that their child or children grow to be mature and able to both support themselves and a f...
The difference that authoritative parenting has over every other parenting style is that it has both responsiveness and structure. Parents that typically show this type of parenting act as teacher or counselors guiding their children on the right path. They are warm and approachable but still enforce structure and have high expectations for their children. These parents give their children opportunities to earn freedoms and are more trust based. These parents are typically involved in their children’s lives, but not overly involved because they know there is a difference between parent and child. Children that grow up in the authoritative parenting lifestyle are more successful in school, have a higher self-esteem, good social skills and overall researchers have found these kids to be happier and more productive than in any other product from parenting styles. These families are supportive and loving. I feel that my family is a good example of authoritative parenting because they always pushed me to perform my best in my grades and soccer and that got me at a wonderful school playing on a soccer scholarship. My parents allowed me freedom by earning their trust. They have guided and molded me into the person I am today by being loving, nurturing and pushing me to be my best so I can have a life different from theirs and
Researches have concluded that “Authoritarian parenting styles generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem” (Cherry)....
Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s development as well as academic achievement and psychological well-being. Children reared by authoritative parents are stated to have the highest levels of academic achievement, self-esteem, emotional adjustment and well-being according to Baumrind’s category of styles (Dwairy, 2004). However, these three categories are based on Western samples and have been said to describe parenting styles mainly in the West and question its limitations in describing parenting across cultures, as each style’s defining patterns may have different meanings across cultures.
Would you have come out different if your parents used a different parenting style? If you are considered “cool” now could you have come out a nerd if your parents would have used a different parenting style? “Parenting style is one of the primary determinants of your child’s outcome whether he succeeds, achieves, meets the challenges, flounders, gives up, or runs from or fails in handling life.” (6) The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes, processes, labor, and techniques of parenting in a psychological point of view. Parenting styles are defined as the “manner in which parents express their beliefs on how to be a good or bad parent.” (4) Each parenting style has its weaknesses and strengths. All parents incorporate love and limit in their style of parenting. There are four different types of parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, democratic, and uninvolved parents.
With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another.
Parenting styles are as diverse as parents themselves. Parenting is one of the most challenging and difficult responsibilities a person can face. The way a family is structured is called the parenting style. Parenting styles are collections of parental attitudes, practices, and non-verbal expressions that characterize the nature of parent-child relationships. Because individuals learn how to parent from many different examples including their own parents, role models, society and life experiences. Parenting techniques can vary greatly from household to household, however, experts believe that parenting styles can be broken down into four main categories which include permissive,authoritarian,authoritative,and neglectful.
Authoritarian parents, show very little acceptance, have very high expectations of their children and are extremely controlling. These parents are strict, and use a prohibitive and punishment method. According to a research done by Kimberly Kopko from Cornell University, it “reveals that adolescents of authoritarian parents learn that following parental rules and adherence to strict discipline is valued over independent behavior. As a result, adolescents may become rebellious or dependent” (2). The adolescents who come to be rebellious may showcase hostile behaviors, while those who are passive are likely to stay relying on their parents (2).
Diana Baurmind and Alfred Adler have similar categories of parenting styles. Authoritative parenting can be compared to democratic and encouraging. Both of these styles offer love and security of the child. They express the parent is in control, but the parent also respect their child with explaining parental actions in a positive way. Permissive parenting can be compared to over-submissive parenting style. The child is rude, and demanding. The parent usually accepts the child’s behavior. In my opinion, the parent does not want to upset the child, or bother with correcting the behavior, so they will give in by rewarding the child in order to correct the child’s behavior. Authoritarian parenting can be compared to over-coercive parenting. These parents are very strict with children. My father can be compared to this parenting style. There was no reasoning, no communication, and his actions were final. This kind of parenting reminds me of being in the military. Finally, uninvolved parenting can be compared to neglecting parenting. I almost wanted to compare uninvolved to rejecting, but I cannot necessarily say the parent has denied acceptance. The parent is selfish, and does not even provide the bare minimum for their child’s necessities. I can compare this type of parenting from a 16 year old mother from the show Teen Mom’s. Jenelle had her son Andrew at a very young age. After his birth, she was distance and cared more about partying. Her
Children and adolescents of authoritative parents are consistently described as most pro-social, academically and socially competent, and least symptomatic. Children whose parents are described as authoritarian, permissive and disengaged show significantly worse outcomes, with children of authoritarian parents showing typically the most disturbed adjustment of the four parenting
Young child are constantly learning when they are growing and they look to others for referencing. Early on the child’s psychosocial development is formed when the fetus responds to the mother’s voice. Then later parents and peers also form bonds and attachments with the child that will impact them throughout the rest of their lives. In early childhood, children are learning emotions, gender identity develops, and self-control increases. As the child grows older, self-concept is more complex and peers assume central importance of the child’s life.
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).