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Issues in juvenile justice
Juvenile justice system problems
Issues in juvenile justice
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Thoughts on the Parental Responsibility Act
Eighteen cases, in 1990, resulted in a parent serving time in jail for crimes committed by his or her child. In my opinion, I feel that parents should not be held responsible if his or her child commits a crime. There are a couple of reasons why I feel this is not a good law. First, I believe no parent can keep track of their son or daughter 24 hours a day. In a real world parents have far more to do than to monitor their child every minute of the day to make sure he or she is not breaking the law of some sort. Parents are an important role in a child’s life but they also have to meet the demands of going to work, attending the house, and to have a free moments of relaxation. Besides this a adolescent does not want a nagging parent to know every detail and thought of what they are doing, with whom, why, when and where.
Secondly I feel that by setting the law that parents serve the time for their child’s actions goes against a valuable lesson that is taught to a youngster from when they were young. When I was growing up, I remember to this day that you are suppose to take responsibility for your actions. The parental responsibility law, goes against this valuable teaching. This law does not teach the adolescent that as becoming a adult they have to accept certain responsibilities. Instead, it shows that the blam...
The system of crime and law enforcement had hardly changed in Britain since the medieval times. Justices of the Peace or JPs were appointed by the Crown since 1361. Before the night watchmen and parish constables were introduced a primitive police force was introduced and the JPs were assisted by constables who only worked part time and were very unreliable as the pay was really bad. The early stages of the force consisted of a night watchmen and parish constables, who were prior to the creation of the main police force. Watchmen were groups of men, usually authorised by a state, government, or society, to deter criminal activity and provide law enforcement. Constables were required to apprehend anyone accused of a felony and bring criminals to a justice of the peace. They also had a general responsibility to keep the peace. There was no expectation that they would investigate and prosecute crimes because of limited responsibility and training. Night watchmen patrolled the streets between 9 or 10pm until sunrise and were expected to examine all suspicious characters. In the City of London, the City Marshall and the Beadles (Parish wardens) conducted daytime patrols. Similar to the night watchmen, primary responsibilities were to patrol and deter, drunkenness, beggars, vagrants and prostitutes and to act as a deterrent against more serious offences. Over the course of this period, the arrangements by which men served as constables and watchmen changed significantly, to incorporate how felons were detected and apprehended.
In the United States today more than one-half of all marriages end in divorce. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reason why women have typically received custody of the children far more often than the fathers. In order to better understand child custody one must first examine how fathers have often times been left out of the picture, and conversely why mothers have had such hard times raising children on their own. This paper will first examine the perspective of a father who has lost custody of his children.
This essay will first address the statute used and interpretation of the threshold test by the courts, and then focus on cases involving vulnerable children to assess whether the statute in The Children Act 1989 is sufficient in protecting these children from harm. I will look at the argument in favour of the current approach taken by the courts, and the counter-argument in favour of changing the current approach. The arguments are delicately balanced and the law is always developing, so it will be interesting to see how the Supreme Court resolves this issue in future.
How can a child make the decision for the life of another child by themselves? In this paper I will outline the mental, physical, and safety issues of minors (age 18 and under) having an abortion and why it is so important that they need to get parental consent before making this life long decision.
The one exception to asking questions without warning is if there is some type of danger to the public, which allows officers to engage in questioning. The government cannot force citizens to tes...
...ith proper arrest procedures with strict accountability rules and have the police officer act in a mock-situation.
Women that push for an abortion do not always have a partner that agrees and supports their decision for terminating the pregnancy. If the father is willing to support and care for the fetus, it is wrong for a woman to go against his wishes and follow through with an abortion. For a father to want to be involved in the fetus’s life means he is willing to take on the responsibilities of having a child so he should have a say if his fetus should be terminated or not. The Becoming A Father/Refusing Fatherhood article states, “To be a father-as-progenitor a man simply has to provide the sperm that leads to conception, whereas to be a father-as-carer a man has to take on a variety of social roles. The roles associated with the father-as-carer included disciplinarian, breadwinner/provider, guardian, moral compass, sex role model, guide and friend” (Ives 78). To have a father-as-carer in an offspring’s life gives a woman no reason to get an abortion. The woman is consciously aware of the outcomes of intercourse when willingly performing in such an act. In the Rethinking Roe V. Wade article it states, “if a woman concedes to voluntary sexual intercourse, she has incurred a responsibility to care for the fetus, since she is responsible for its existence and subsequent dependence on her body for sustenance. Consequently, she has a moral obligation to sustain it until birth, an obligation that ought to be legally enforced by proscribing abortions” (Manninen 41). The female is aware of the consequences when engaging in sexual acts so it should be her responsibility to carry the fetus to term. The presence of a partner that is willing to stay by the women’s side and support her during the pregnancy does not give her a reason to obtain an abort...
There is much debate on what constitutes as a family today. However, Ball (2002) states, “The concept of the traditional family…is not an immutable one. It is a social construct that varies from culture to culture and, over time, the definition changes within a culture” (p. 68). There is a growing diversity of families today including the commonality of sole-parenting. In order to explore aspects of sole-parenthood objectively, I need to reflect and put aside my personal experience of growing up in sole-parent household. Furthermore, this essay will explore the historical origins, cultural aspects discussing the influences and implications of gender identity, and social structures of sole-parent families, as well as consider the implications in midwifery by applying the sociological imagination. Mills (2000/1959) describes the sociological imagination as “…a quality of mind that seems most dramatically to promise an understanding of the intimate realities of ourselves in connection with larger social realities” (p.15). In other words, the sociological imagination involves the ability to consider the relationships between personal experiences and those within society as a whole.
The answer to the question of whether parents invest more resources in their male or female offspring is a topic that is likely to vary from one culture to another. It is very common for adults (parent or caregivers) to have a favorite child in the family. Often, the favorite child may be less effective at school and have no extraordinary skills to be proud of for parents. Good parenting requires all children to be loved to the same extent (Lee & Lee, 2011). However, parents tend to love and favor certain children because of their school performances, their social activities, or even their gender. Parents seem to favor the boy child and, in most cases, he gets all the best things as compared to what the girl gets (Barber, 2008). Some are even taken to better schools, while girls always come as the second choice (Deaton, 1989). At the same time, the fact that allocation of commodities in the household may be gender-oriented in some ethnic groups makes girls less favored (Deaton, 1989, p. 1). Categorically, a study on parental investment with a balance between male and female offsprings conducted in a different location would have different results. Research hypothesis of the current research focuses on whether parents tend to invest more resources in offspring of male gender; whether parents favor boys over girls; and whether favoritism results in gender-oriented allocation of commodities in the household or not.
Domestic violence has a long historical presence in our society. Initially, it was viewed strictly as a family matter. It was an acceptable means for men to discipline their wives and children, who were regarded as little more than man’s property. There was a lack of, if any, legal ramifications for the abuser and, in fact, domestic violence had been previously sanctioned by English Common law (The National Center for Victims of Crime). As the issue infiltrated public consciousness, advocacy groups rose to the forefront and championed for the rights of abused victims. They demanded change, not only to the laws, but to the way victims and abusers are treated by law enforcement and legal institutions. As a result of these efforts, many changes have been successfully implemented.
There are many styles of parent involvement and parenting styles. Parental involvement includes attending school functions, helping with homework, or simply showing interest in what is occurring in school. Parental involvement is also both social aspects and intellectually stimulating activities beyond schoolwork. Parental involvement has different components including: parent-child relationship, aspirations and expectations a parent has for their child, and parental involvement within the school. (Hoang)
Family Law (Law Express) 2th edition, by Jonathon Herring, published by Pearson Education Limited 2009
According to the Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, current laws in the United States of America indicate that minors under the age of eighteen, unless medically emancipated, must have the medical consent of their parent or parents before any health care decision can be made (Boonstra & Nash, 2000). These laws do not include health sensitive medical care like prescriptions for contraception, abortion of fetus, pregnancy care or drug addiction rehabilitation. Pediatric nurses are in a unique position that serves as the facilitator of patient care and patient care decision-making between the pediatric patient and the patient’s parents. In this position, pediatric nurses become immersed in the concept of family-centered care, and because of this, they often find themselves in situations fraught with ethical dilemmas. In health care, there are often times when the medical team and the patient disagree on the plan of care, but in pediatric health care, this becomes even more complex. This is because there are times where the decision made by the parents is deemed inappropriate by the health care team. What do you do if, as the caregiver, you do not agree with the decisions made for your patient by their surrogate decision-maker? It can be assumed that in most cases, parents only want what is best for their children. Research demonstrates, however, that parents do not always serve as the best voice for their child who is suffering, especially when the child is nearing the end of life. Is it ethical for the health care team to assume the role of decision-maker when disagreement ensues over the pediatric patient’s treatment course?
All of the research to date has reached the same unequivocal conclusion about gay parenting: the children of lesbian and gay parents grow up as successfully as the children of heterosexual parents. In fact, not a single study has found the children of lesbian or gay parents to be disadvantaged because of their parents' sexual orientation. Other key findings include:
Abortion is wrong, where are the baby’s rights? Some would say, abort the baby, you have been raped. Why not have the baby and give it up for adoption? Ever since the early 1970’s, unwed women were pregnant, and regardless their circumstances, they would have the baby, or raise it. In my opinion, abortion is not the answer; the baby should have the right to live by giving it up for adoption.