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Medicine in the american civil war paper
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Medicine in the american civil war paper
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Papyrus Ebers (1500 BC) The Ebers Papyrus is one of the first known medical texts accurately documenting descriptions of the circulatory system including the heart and blood vessels. Additionally, the text contains several formulas and remedies meant to cure a wide variety of everyday ailments2. Andrew Craigie (1754-1819) At the age of twenty-one, Andrew Craigie was appointed apothecary of the Massachusetts army. He began his career supplying the Continental Army with medicines and medical supplies, and was eventually appointed Apothecary General in 17771. William Procter, Jr. (1817-1874) William Procter, Jr. is revered as the “Father of Pharmacy”. He worked in a drug store beginning at the age of fourteen. He spent his free time studying chemistry and pharmacy, and eventually opened his own pharmacy. In addition to being hired as a professor of pharmacy, he was also one of the founders of the …show more content…
Navy ships, E. R. Squibb persuaded the Navy to manufacture their own drugs instead of contracting them from a third party. He also established a laboratory at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital where he made anesthetic ether, chloroform, bismuth salts, and other preparations. By the year 1883, his laboratory was responsible for manufacturing and distributing over three hundred products around the world8. Albert Ethelbert Ebert (1840-1906) Albert Ethelbert Eber is a former American Pharmacists Association (APhA) president who is also the namesake for the Ebert Prize. The Ebert Prize is presented every year by the APhA Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science. This award is the oldest pharmacy award in the United States3. Joseph Price Remington (1847-1918) The Remington textbook has been an ultimate textbook for many aspects of pharmacy. This textbook was first published in 1886 by Joseph Price Remington. Remington was a professor and Dean at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy7. Zada Mary Cooper
Medicine has been developed and discovered for thousands of years; however, the 1920’s was the first decade that fashioned a pathway for new developments and discoveries. Medical professionals have taken a huge hit for their fight in finding new inventions that can save patients from death’s hands. In the 1920’s, medicine has also taken a tremendous leap in controlling fatal diseases such as diabetes (Pendergast 110). Medicine in the 1920’s has altered the way medicine is shaped today; furthermore, the development and discovery of the iron lung, penicillin, and insulin were the first pertinent breakthroughs in medical history (“Iron” par. 7; Grimsley par. 15; “Banting” par. 13).
The drug manufacturing industry is concerned with the development, production and marketing of drugs which are to be used as medication. This is one of the oldest industries in the world. The first drug stores date back to the middle Ages. Some of today’s pharmaceutical companies have been founded in the beginning of the previous century. Important discoveries have been made in the early 20th century such as insulin and penicillin who became mass produced. More drugs were developed during the 1950s-1960s such as contraceptives and heart drugs. During that time numerous organizations and declarations were established in order to regulate the industry. Until the 1970s the drug manufacturing industry remained relatively small, and then it began expanding quickly. With the development of technologies and the internet research, manufacturing, marketing and sales of drugs became a lot easier.
“Pure Food and Drug Act 1906.” 34 U.S. Stats. 768, quoted in Medicine in the Americas, Bethesda, Maryland: National Library of Medicine, 2004. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22116/.
This book covers different types of anesthetics. I used it for information before the discovery and the history of the discovery. It was useful.
Massie, Samuel (1982). Cited in Barry Meier "Why There are So Few Black Chemists." Industrial Chemical News 3:1-6
Grabowski, Henry and John Vernon. 1986. “Longer Patents For Lower Imitation Barriers: The 1984 Drug Act”, The American Economic Review. Pages 196-198.
Kalliolias, George D., Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, and Gerasimos P. Sykiotis. "Pharmacogenetic principles in the hippocratic writings." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 45.11 (2005): 1218+. Academic OneFile. Web. 30 Apr. 2014
In 1938 amongst a team of scientist working for Sandoz Pharmaceuticals in Basil, Switzerland was University of Zurich graduate, Dr. Albert Hoffman. Hoffman was working in a chemical research laboratory at a time when pharmaceutical companies were deeply...
Since my early schooling days, science and mathematics have always fascinated me given that all components of the world are explained on the basis of these disciplines. In this regard, Pharmacy which is based on Chemistry and Mathematics has interested me a great deal as it has direct impacts on our daily lives. The more I have become familiar with the chemistry and mathematics knowledge involved in pharmacy, the more I have appreciated its significance in improving the lives of people in the community. Out of the many careers that one would opt to pursue, Pharmacy has stood out as the career that will enable me serve the society more directly and have a real impact in the quality of peoples’ lives by touching their health. In addition, I love a career that is challenging and one that I will be involved in even in old age. In this case, Pharmacy offers me this opportunity. My interest in Pharmacy has also developed from my personal health experiences and becoming aware of its expansiveness. Every time I have had to take medicine to cure an illness, I have become more interested to know how drugs are made and how the drug components work in the human body to alleviate pain and restore health. I desire to pursue a career in Pharmacy so as to gain practical experience in these aspects of research.
Epidamnus. Epidamnus was originally an Illyrian stronghold built by the sea (Ceka, 2005; Wilkes, 1992). However, the marine harbor on the shore of the Adriatic Sea became a joint flourishing center of commerce for Corinth and its colonial city Corcyra. This tactical location enabled the Greeks to bring the southern Italian trade under their control (Ceka, 2005:66-67; Stallo, 2007; Wilkes, 1992; Wright, 2014). The port city of Epidamnus also allowed the Greeks to secured control over silver deposits from mines located in Illyria’s interior (Ceka, 2005:66; Hammond, 1992; Stallo, 2007; Wilkes, 1992:110; Wright, 2014).
Discovery and Development of Penicillin. (2014, April 4). Retrieved from American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html
Although writing affected more than just medicine, “The most important Mesopotamian [and Egyptian] sources are medical texts describing treatments and remedies for different problems”. The medical texts were so important that they are still recognized today. Out of all the things writing was used for the greatest impact was the medical texts. Most decisions made by doctors in ancient Egypt revolved around documented information from papyri. Over time, physicians recordings of symptoms and physical notes such as temperature, skin condition, pulse, swelling, etc. became more and more relevant. Once a large amount of notes were accumulated and broken down into common categories, these medical texts became “the basis of treatments and prescriptions”. The use of papyrus became so popular that it began to be a very effective way to diagnose and treat patients. Medical records were so important that they had a major influence on the way doctors went about
...his day. These men have made an enormous amount of discovery to get medicine to where it is today.
"Papyrus Papyrus was the most important writing material in the ancient world. Our word ""paper"" derives from the word ""papyrus,"" an Egyptian word that originally meant ""that which belongs to the house"" (the bureaucracy of ancient Egypt). Papyrus is a triangular reed that used to grow along the banks of the Nile, and at an early stage of their history the Egyptians developed a kind of writing material made out of the pith within the stem of the papyrus plant. At the same time they developed a script that ultimately provided the model for the two most common alphabets in the world, the Roman and the Arabic. . The task of the papyrologist is not only to decipher, transcribe and edit what is preserved, but also to reconstruct what is lost between fragments and reconstruct the whole.