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Surveillance technology and privacy issues
Surveillance technology
Surveillance relates to science, technology and society
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You are alone in a dark cell. You are fearful because you know that you are being watched, but you do not know who is watching you or when you are being watched. You are suddenly conscious of every move you make because you are aware that someone is monitoring every inhale, every exhale, and every little aspect of your life. This is the concept of Jeremy Bentham’s “Panopticon.”
Created by Jeremy Bentham, the Panopticon is a structure consisting of a central watchtower surrounded by dozens of prison cells arranged in a circle. The watchman in the watchtower is able to clearly see the activity of everyone in every prison cell, but the prisoners are unable to see the watchman, causing all of the prisoners to assume that they are under constant
Although they claim that the mass surveillance will make America safer due to the potential prevention of terrorism, it does not have the power to entirely prevent all acts of terrorism. The issue is much more complex than simply tracking phone calls and Internet communications to prevent terrorism, and the National Security Agency has never successfully intercepted any major terrorist attack on the U.S. For example, during World War II, the U.S. government placed Japanese-Americans in internment camps in order to protect the American people. The only “crime” was that the people placed in the camps were of Japanese ancestry, even though they were American citizens, many of whom had never even been to Japan. Life in the internment camps was very harsh, and the government continued to have control over these innocent people, as any attempt to escape the camp would result in being shot. These camps acted as a control mechanism to “protect the people,” much like the Panopticon, and showed that the liberty of the people was determined by the
Mere “suspicion” is enough evidence for the government to add a person to the No Fly List, and the List also has many mistakes, leading many innocent people to be wrongly accused of being a terrorist. Although it is unknown just how many innocent people are on this List, it is easy to get on the List and extremely difficult and time-consuming to get off of the List, especially for minorities. Therefore, with very little evidence or none at all, the government can swiftly confiscate the liberty of an innocent person, causing nearly impossible obstacles for them to travel or purchase a gun for self-defense
Adam Penenberg’s “The Surveillance Society” reminds Americans of the tragic events of September 11, 2001 and the instant effects the that attacks on the World Trade Center had on security in the United States. Penenberg discusses how the airports were shut down and federal officials began to plot a military response. Although those were necessary actions, they were not as long lasting as some of the other safety precautions that were taken. The Patriot Act, which makes it easier for the government to access cell phones and pagers and monitor email and web browsing, was proposed. Politicians agreed that during a war civil liberties are treated differently. From there, Penenberg explains that for years before September 11th, Americans were comfortable with cameras monitoring them doing everyday activities.
Perhaps no other event in modern history has left us so perplexed and dumbfounded than the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany, an entire population was simply robbed of their existence. In “Our Secret,” Susan Griffin tries to explain what could possibly lead an individual to execute such inhumane acts to a large group of people. She delves into Heinrich Himmler’s life and investigates all the events leading up to him joining the Nazi party. In“Panopticism,” Michel Foucault argues that modern society has been shaped by disciplinary mechanisms deriving from the plague as well as Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon, a structure with a tower in the middle meant for surveillance. Susan Griffin tries to explain what happened in Germany through Himmler’s childhood while Foucault better explains these events by describing how society as a whole operates.
The theory of Panopticon by Foucault can be applied in this poem. According to Foucault, there is a cultural shift from the old traditional discipline of inmates to a European disciplinary system (314). In this new disciplinary model, the prisoners always assume that they are under constant watch by the guards and they start policing themselves. Panopticon is the process of inducing inmates to a state of conscious and ...
In “Panopticism” Foucault states, “the major effect of the Panopticon: to induce in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power” (Foucault, pg. 201). The function of the Panopticon is to keep the prisoners orderly by instilling fear inside of them, this fear forces them to stay in their cells, and to remain compliant. The Panopticon is a building designed for surveillance.
While this act made legislative changes that increased surveillance and the investigative powers of law enforcement agencies to protect America from further terrorist acts, the passing of the USA Patriot Act has reduced the privacy rights of Americans and also does not provide for a system of checks and balances that safeguard civil liberties. Terrorism is a serious matter that should not be handled lightly, but the act has gone over the top in trying to stop terrorism. The USA Patriot Act, enacted for protecting America from further attacks, not only does little if anything to protect Americans, but rather undermines their civil rights. The Patriot Act targets not only terrorists, but also the American people which it intended to protect.
Jeremy Bentham proposal for round-the-clock observations for prisoners but the prisoners could not see the person observing is called Panopticon. Panopticon was designed to have an outer building for the prison cells and in the middle, was the observation tower. With this kind of design, it allowed light from the outside to pass through the cell but not through the observation tower. Since the light could not get to the observation tower this made it difficult for inmates to see if they are being watched or not and in turn hopefully creating this false sense that they need to behave better since they are being observed 24/7. When this idea was proposed I think it would have been an innovative idea but with today's problem of overcrowding in
Hence, gun control is a frequently discussed controversial topic in American politics. Although the Second Amendment prevents the federal government from completely banning guns in America, limited restrictions are allowed on the distribution and possession of firearms. Certain groups of people such as criminals, the mentally unstable, and soldiers dishonorably discharged from the military are prohibited from possessing or interacting with firearms (Flynn). These restrictions are enforced by background checks in some states, on both a state and federal level. However, gun laws vary from state to state and are often not thorough enough; the background checks are flawed due to lack of information and misinformation, and guns can easily end up in the hands of criminals and malevolent individuals.
The recent terrorists attacks of 9/11 has brought security to an all-time high, and more importantly brought the NSA to the limelight. Facts don 't change however, terrorist attacks are not common as history has shown. So what has domestic surveillance actually protected? There are no records to date that they have stopped any harm from being caused. If it is well known by every American that they are being watched, then why would a terrorist with the intention of harming use these devices to talk about their heinous acts? The real criminals are smarter than this, and it has shown with every attack in our history. Petty acts of crime are not what domestic surveillance should be used for. Terrorism has been happening for decades before any electronics were introduced, and even in third world countries where electronics are not accessible. The government needs a different way to locate these terrorists, rather than spy on every innocent human being. Andrew Bacevich states in his article The Cult of National Security: What Happened to Check and Balances? that until Americans set free the idea of national security, empowering presidents will continue to treat us improperly, causing a persistent risk to independence at home. Complete and total security will never happen as long as there is malicious intent in the mind of a criminal, and sacrificing freedoms for the false sense of safety should not be
Michel Foucault’s essay, “Panopticism”, links to the idea of “policing yourself” or many call it panopticon. The panopticon is a prison which is shaped like a circle with a watchtower in the middle. The main purpose of the panopticon was to monitor a large group of prisoners with only few guards in the key spot. From that key spot, whatever the prisoners do they can be monitored, and they would be constantly watched from the key spot inside the tower. The arrangement of panopticon is done in excellent manner that the tower’s wide windows, which opened to the outside and kept every cell in 360-degree view. The cells were designed so it makes impossible for the prisoners to glances towards the center. In short, none of the prisoners were able to see into the tower. The arrangement of cells guaranteed that the prisoner would be under constant surveillance. This is the beauty of the panopticon that anyone can glance at the cells from the tower but no prisoners can see the tower. The prisoners may feel like someone is watching, and know the he or she is powerless to escape its watch, but the same time, the guard in the tower may not be looking at the prisoners. Just because the prisoners think that someone is watching them, they will behave properly.
The word “Panopticon” literally means “observe all”, which is what the architectural. conceptually allowed a singular figure to do. Bentham aimed for psychological control over the inmates within the Panopticon by inducing “a state of consciousness and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power”. To be successful in this the inmate would be constantly aware of the possibility of being watched, through the visibility of the large central tower, however the inmate must never be certain of this, and must only be certain of the fact that there is never a moment that could not be observed. If successful, after a time the power would have become internalised and the transition from.
The panopticon according to Foucault, is a guard tower in the center of the prison that has the ability to oversee all the prisoners at once conveying constant surveillance. For instance, “Due to the central location of the guard tower, inmates could not always be sure whether or not they indeed were the objects of observation. Therefore Foucault notes that the target of social control is not so much the inmate’s body, but the inmates mind, in that constant surveillance creates a permanent presence in the mind (similar to the effects of surveillance cameras today)” (Welch 2011 pg. 44). In Society today, it is evident that crime is at an all-time low due to the increase in surveillance around the globe. This practice of evolving the panopticon to other tactics has proven to be an effective deterrent. Being a criminal today is much harder today than it was in the
A panopticism is a concept of one person being able to watch many other people. There is authority over the individuals being watched. The person can watch all the people in an area they are in. This helps discipline the individuals because they are being watched and they can’t doing about it and they feel uncomfortable. Panopticism helps people make the right decisions which would reduce the amount of crimes that happen in life. This is kind of a good way to keep people from committing crimes and less people will get hurt. This might be an effective system for society, But the people will feel very uncomfortable being watched all the time and having no freedom.
During the late 18th century, English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham designed a circular prison with cells arranged around a central tower, from which prisoners could at all times be observed. In today’s society, there are many examples of real life panopticons. “Is it surprising that prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons” (Merquior 96)? Whether you see it or not, a vast majority of the buildings you enter display characteristics of the panopticon. From cameras to glass walls to an open second floor, the high school I attended in Conway, Arkansas presents itself as an example of a real life panopticon. Although it is not a perfect
In the previous paper, I mentioned about the Panopticon’s advantages and disadvantages and how does it impact our daily life. As time flies, Panopticon is no longer to have one form only, prison, but transformed into many different forms surrounding our lives gradually. This time I will talk about one of its forms in daily lives, in detail to tell you the functions of it and the horror of its power.
Throughout Shakespeare’s play “Hamlet” there was many episodes of spying. It made the play quite interesting because majority if the characters were doing this. As you read the play, you can find scenarios where Michael Foucault panopticon theory ties in. The Panopticon theory is “seeing the unseen” , can be best described using the circle diagram. A circle where a person is in the middle and can see what everyone is doing around them, while nobody can see they are doing. This was a measure of social control knowing that your watch can keep you in control.