History of Paddling Throughout history paddling has been characterized by the various situational opportunities presented in that day, in time. Recreation, Transportation, Traveling, Competition, Exercise, and Fishing are just some of the ways paddling has been seen throughout history. Along with the activities that go on with paddling, different types of canoes and kayaks had to be made to keep up-to-date with these activities evolvement. Beginning more traditional with a dugout canoe and ending more advanced with the numerous racing canoes, our world has in fact grown to new developments. Kayaks on the other hand are similar in the way that they have progressed through history, however, the boats are all based on the idea of measurements, …show more content…
speed, maneuverability, and stability. This paper will take a look at the increasing amounts of uses for canoes and kayaks, while relating them to the day in time they were made, and what they were made for. First of all, to understand the history of paddling, we must first understand the basic diagram of the canoe and kayak. The kayak and canoe both have a stern and bow. The bow is in the front, while the stern is in the back. They also both have a hull, which is on the side of the craft., and decks that make platforms on the front and back of the craft. The canoe has two seats in the boat, one person in the stern, and one person in the bow. Also the yoke, which is the center of the boat, typically having a handle, and the thwart, which is the horizontal bar closer to the stern. Contrasting, kayaks(single person) have a cockpit, where you sit, bordered by the cockpit rim with cockpit edges. Then there are grab loops that are on each side, stern and bow, that help for rescue and even moving the kayak. This is the basic diagram of both the kayaks(solo) and canoe in modern day, however this took some time to evolve. Canoes are defined in the dictionary as, “any of various slender, open boats, tapering to a point at both ends, propelled by paddles or sometimes sails and traditionally formed of light framework covered with bark, skins, or canvas, or formed from a dug-out or burned-out log or logs, and now usually made of aluminum, fiberglass, etc.” Canoes all started with the development of the Dugout. The dugout canoe is a boat made by digging out the wood of a tree’s trunk. The process of this is, “It’s typically made in cycle of burning the log with a controlled fire and then scraping and chopping out the charred and softened wood with a variety of tools as diverse as shells, stone, adzes, and wooden scrapers” (Pennsylvania Heritage magazine article). This development has been traced back to the Neolithic Stone Age, some 8,000 years ago, made by the indigenous people of the Caribbean. These people used this to get from island to island without loosing transporting materials and getting them wet. Since the dugout was, basically, a tree trunk, it was very heavy. Since the dugout canoe was so heavy this caused these canoes to be burnt or deserted by the destination traveled to. Therefore, when the indigenous people wanted to transport again, they would have to take into account the time that would be needed to make a new dugout canoe. This creation worked for thousand of years, but people always wanted better. Dugouts attracted large amounts of water inside, when not done one hundred percent properly.
This made a change from dugouts to the use of birch bark. Birch Bark canoes started in the 1800’s in Canada. Various people such as, Native Americans, missionaries, and trappers, would use this type of canoe for travel through the North American waterways (Winkler). The bark itself would be strong enough to carry large loads that normally dugouts could not hold, as well as, be light enough to be carried across land and used again. Continuing, the canoe was completely waterproof, causing a smooth flowing canoe, therefore, the people paddling would not have to worry about their items getting wet when being transported. These canoes could also be fixed easily, because of the material being used was so available, therefore, even if this canoe broke a little, it can be prepared fast and easy. Birch bark canoes started a new form of transportation in the way that they could run all sorts of water flows. From rapids to slow moving backwaters, this canoe could adapt it’s function. When European explorers came over, they immediately found an interest to the birch bark canoes and decided to bring them back over to Europe. Expansion of the birch bark canoe, soon developed all over the world. Transportation, was in fact, made easier through the use of the birch bark canoe, due to it’s easy accessibility and it being …show more content…
waterproof. Expanding the uses of canoe has flourished from generation to generation.
The voyageur canoe was invented that could carry thousand of pounds of cargo, as well as, 12-20 people. This canoe was built in demand of the fur trade business, but has been used for other uses as well. When thinking of Voyageurs, we think of travelers, and this is exactly what this canoe was developed for. These types of people were typically french Canadian indentured servants that were ready to transport fur when needed. The voyageurs would be on this voyageur canoe, ready to work as a team to get to the location needed for
trade.
fish would move back to deeper waters that their canoes were not suited for and shellfish were
Farmers who lived west of the Appalachian Mountains shipped all their surplus produce by boat down rivers that flowed into the Gulf of Mexico. In a treaty of 1795, Spain agreed to give Americans the "right of deposit" at New Orleans. This right allowed Americans to store in New Orleans, duty-free, goods shipped for export. Arks and flatboats transported a great variety of products, including flour, tobacco, pork bacon, lard, feathers, cider, butter, cheese, hemp, p...
When the country was founded, the geography was a bigger obstacle than it is today. Before the Industrial Revolution, the primary way to move anything was on water. Rivers and Oceans were the original roads and the fastest and least expensive way to move goods. Most of the population "[was] located either at tidewater or along broad, navigable streams that could not be used to produce much water power" (Nye 44). These geographic features made it possible to move items to areas further away from the coast. Moving things one of the three modes of land transport, "by foot, on a horse, or in a wheeled vehicle" (Cowan 94) were too expensive and difficult with no developed roads. People began to look for ways to make this travel more affordable by creating waterways like the Eire canal to connect places. However, most were unsuccessful and the idea passed. Steam engines also made river travel more feasible. It was not difficult to take a barge full of goods down river; however, it would take months to pole the boat back upriver and usually was not even attempted.
The first steamboats were demonstrated in1787. They were used on the river ways to bring cargo, cotton, sugar, and people to their destinations. The steamboat played a major part in the population growth. The steamboats were usually made of wood and were all kinds of sizes. They looked like giant floating houses with large smokestacks and paddlewheels. They were used for carrying people and supplies up and down the river.
TheVikings have been sailing for thousands of years (Steel 1). The Vikings traveled for 2 years this was called a Vikings trial (Steel 1). They would go out in search for land and new wonders in life. They would build their own boats out of wood and hides of animals. They were known as the best sailors of their time.
The Vikings in their time were the best shipbuilders and sailors in the world. Their ships were very strong as they were made out of a very long-lasting type of wood, which was oak wood. They thought of many creative ways to make their ships more durable, such as dipping sheep?s wool in tar and then filling in the ships gaps to make it waterproof. The Vikings had long voyages, passing many parts of Europe and simultaneously speeding at least glimpses of their amazing technology skills to the people who saw there ships. For example many people from Ireland and Brittan must have seen their ships as they travelled from their homeland Scandinavia to France in the year 798. But their amazing technology skills would have not been spread throughout the world with out the help of navigation.
On both the old "Clinton's Ditch" and in the early years of the Enlarged Erie Canal, both passenger boats (called "packets" or "packet boats"), usually horse-drawn, and working boats (also called "line boats" or "freighters"), drawn by either horses or mules, were common. Originally intended as a more comfortable alternative to the bone-jarring stagecoach, the packet boat fell out of favor as railroad travel improved, and basically disappeared by the latter half of the 1800s. On the current Erie (Barge) Canal, there being no towpath, line boats were replaced by tugboats ("tugs" or towing boats) with their attached barges, as well as motorized freighters. Today, the most common boats are recreational boats, although commercial traffic still
Roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads lowered the cost and shortened the time of travel. By making these improvements, products could be shipped into other areas for profit (Roark, 260). Steamboats set off a huge industry and by 1830, more than 700 steamboats were operating up and down the Ohio and Mississippi River (Roark, 261). Steamboats also had some flaws, due to the fact of deforesting the paths along the rivers. Wood was needed to refuel the power to the boat.
*Wipeout- to fall off your board, usually being engulfed by the wave afterward and thrown around the ocean floor by the swells.
Pirates are sea robbers who prey on other ships and rob them of their goods and sometimes capture the ship itself for their own purposes. Piracy began over 2000 years ago in Ancient Greece, when sea robbers threatened the trading routes of the Greek Empire. Since then, this threat has continued amongst seafaring nations until the birth of regular navies. Roman ships were attacked by pirates who seized their cargoes of grain, and olive oil. The Vikings (which means sea-raider) were renowned for attacking shipping and coastal settlements. However, piracy really flourished between 1620 and 1720, and this period is known as the golden age of piracy. Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, there have been different types of pirates, these being, privateers, buccaneers, and corsairs.
Thousands of Americans started selling off their land in the Midwest and using the money to buy things such as ox and wagons to travel west. They also bought things such as cows, horses, chickens, and pigs to use as food and labor. Americans had to be careful with what they chose to bring of their journey to Oregon since they could only carry so much in a covered wagon. Mainly people chose to bring the necessities and brought few keepsakes with them on their journey.
The best known type is probably the longship. This term means exactly what it sounds like! They were characterized as a long and graceful wooden boat. Owing to fact that they were narrow, longships were intended above all for warfare, exploration of new lands and trade with others countries. This light boat was designed for speed and agility, and that’s why it was equipped with oars along almost the
So you wanted to unwind the wave to the beginning of surfing. Surfing has a long history in every culture that has been by an ocean. It has shaped the government's of ancient Hawaiians. It has now formed into a multi billion dollar industry that dominates the gear needed to surf along with the competitions. It has become a family pastime that started in the fifties and that is still thriving still today.
The needs of the United States Coast Guard has grown invariably since its establishment in 1790 by Alexander Hamilton. One major which seeks to meet the needs of the Coast Guard is Operations Research and Computer Analysis (ORCA). LT Dougherty, an instructor in the math department of the Coast Guard Academy describes ORCA as a “scientific way of making decisions” to take the best course of action, whether that includes improving efficiency, optimizing resources, or maximizing profit (Dougherty). Classes such as Probability Theory and Optimization teach cadets important theories which they can apply in the operational Coast Guard for it to run efficiently as possible under constraints of resources, such as money, time, or inventory (Dougherty).
Boat Building- Caribs’ canoes might have been up to 6 metres long. It was made out of tree trunks. The trunk was charred then hollowed with stone axes and left to season, after which it was buried in moist sand. Bars were placed across the opening to the force out the sides and it was left in place until wood had dried and hardened. Then triangular boards were wedged at the bow and stern so that the water could not enter the boat, and the sides were raised by fastening sticks bound with fibres and coated with gum to the upper edges.