Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
History of accounting
Forensic accounting research project pdf
Forensic accounting research project pdf
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: History of accounting
Introduction
What is forensic accounting one might ask? It has been on the rise lately and has been talked about for years, but do people really know what it is. Well look no more; you came to the right place. This paper will discuss the ends and outs of forensic accounting. For example, the certifications required to become one, the history of forensic accounting and many different types of crimes that forensic accounts handle.
Forensic accounting is an investigative style of accounting used to verify whether a single or company has occupied with any illegal financial movement (Forensic Accounting Online, 2013). It is used to detect fraudulent activity such as false insurance claims, embezzlement, bribery, tax evasion, etc. Since forensic accounting has grown many companies now have departments specifically for forensic accounts to work. Forensic accounting consists of two areas, litigation and investigation. The litigation support part of a forensic accountant's job involves figuring out the amount lost by parties in a legal dispute while the investigation area of the profession involves combining the abilities of both accountants and detectives (Winters, 2008). This will be discussed more about later in the paper.
History
If it wasn’t for criminals laundering money and shady mob bosses, forensic accounting would not be as popular as it is now. Forensic is derived from the Latin word forensis meaning “related to the courts”. Forensic accounting has been around for many decades. It originated in the 19th century and was used to detect tax evasion amongst businesses that attempted to hide earnings in bank accounts in multiple states. Nowadays, forensic accounting is happening more often because of the increase of fraud, use of t...
... middle of paper ...
...w.ehow.com/about_4614281_enron-forensic-accounting.html
The 10 Worst Accounting Scandals of All Time. (n.d.). Accounting-Degree.org. Retrieved , from http://www.accounting-degree.org/scandals/
Tysiac, Ken (September 24, 2012) Demand strong for forensic accountants in wake of financial crisis American Institute of Certified Public Accounts. http://www.cpa2biz.com/Content/media/PRODUCER_CONTENT/Newsletters/Articles_2012/CPA/SEP/ForensicAccounting.jsp#.U1XuzvTeym4
White-Collar Crime Definition | Investopedia. (n.d.). Investopedia. Retrieved , from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/white-collar-crime.asp
Winters, Adam G. (April 2008). Forensic Accounting. Ezine Articles http://ezinearticles.com/?Forensic-Accounting&id=1127364
Zysman, Alan (April 2014). FORENSIC ACCOUNTING DEMYSTIFIED. FORENSIC ACCOUNTING LITIGATION SUPPORT http://www.forensicaccounting.com/four(5).htm
The analytical procedures is yet another way to detect the fraud. Through analytical procedures the relationship between different figures is develop that support the increase or decrease effect on the balance sheet and the income statement. The following procedures to be performed:
Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities, sometimes with the cooperation of officials in other corporations (Medura 1-3). In response to the increasing number of scandals the US government amended the Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 to mitigate these problems. Sarbanes Oxley has extensive regulations that hold the CEO and top executives responsible for the numbers they report but problems still occur. To ensure proper accounting standards have been used Sarbanes Oxley also requires that public companies be audited by accounting firms (Livingstone). The problem is that the accounting firms are also public companies that also have to look after their bottom line while still remaining objective with the corporations they audit. When an accounting firm is hired the company that hired them has the power in the relationship. When the company has the power they can bully the firm into doing what they tell them to do. The accounting firm then loses its objectivity and independence making their job ineffective and not accomplishing their goal of honest accounting (Gerard). Their have been 379 convictions of fraud to date, and 3 to 6 new cases opening per month. The problem has clearly not been solved (Ulinski).
Forensic science has paved the way to a new world of technological advancements in solving crime, through DNA analysis, new technology such as M-Vac, improving systems such as CODIS and other investigative methods. As forensic science technology advances, the chance of an individual being able to commit a crime and walk away free without leaving any trace of evidence will lessen. While forensic science has its limitations, it can be the only way to provide an accurate account of what actually occurred at some crime scenes.
to seek justice, a Forensic Accountant can be utilized to help with recovering the damages caused
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
... associated to civil disputes. Forensic accountants are also identified as fraud investigators, investigative accountants, forensic auditors or fraud auditors.Forensic accountants are also increasingly playing more proactive risk reduction roles by devising and performing extended procedures as part of the statutory audit, acting as consultants to audit committees fraud deterrence engagements, and aiding in investment analyst research.
Forensic evidence can provide just outcomes in criminal matters. However, it is not yet an exact science as it can be flawed. It can be misrepresented through the reliability of the evidence, through nonstandard guidelines, and through public perception. Forensic science can be dangerously faulty without focus on the ‘science’ aspect. It can at times be just matching patterns based on an individual’s interpretations. This can lead to a miscarriage of justice and forever alter a person’s life due to a perceived “grey area” (Merritt C, 2010) resulting in a loss of confidence in the reliability of forensic evidence.
In today’s day and age, there is a lot of news that is related to corporate accounting fraud as companies intentionally manipulate their financial statements to show a better picture of their financial health. The objective of financial reporting is to provide financial information about a company to its various stakeholders such as investors and creditors so that these stakeholders can make decisions accordingly. Companies can show a better image of their financial well being by providing misleading information. This can be done by omitting material information from the books or deceitful appropriation of assets such as inventory theft, payroll fraud, check forgery or embezzlement. Fraudulent financial reporting will have an effect on the This includes but is not limited to; check forgery, inventory theft, cash or check theft, payroll fraud or service theft.
The collection, custody and preservation of forensic evidence is a vital aspect of evidence integrity, without proper adherence to these procedures, crucial evidence that could potentially have great impact on a court case could be rendered useless. In the case of criminal proceedings, a skilled defence lawyer will look to scrutinise every step taken by forensic practitioners’ involved within the case in regards to the continuity of the evidence, in doing this they attempt to undermine the practitioner’s ability to properly carry out strict evidence collection, protection and preservation procedures and also look to find fault in the techniques they used to carry out these procedures.
Accounting ethics has been difficult to control as accountants and auditors must keep in mind the interest of the public while that they remain employed by the company they are auditing. The accountants should take into account how to best apply accounting standards when company faces issues related financial loss. The role of accountant is crucial to society. They serve as financial reporters to owe their primary constraint to public interest. The information provided is critical in aiding managers, investors and others in making crucial economic decisions. An accountant is responsible for any fraudulent financial reporting. Some examples of fraudulent reporting are:
When I hear the word ‘Forensic’ the idea and image of a homicide investigation in which evidence gathered is analyzed at a laboratory to determine ‘who done it’. Shows like CSI, Bones, Law and Order depicts the forensic aspect in their broadcast. Being a registered nurse, another thought comes to mind when hearing the term ‘forensic’. I like to watch Dr. G medical examiner on the Discovery channel. That is a reality show regarding investigative research on how a person died. This is done by performing an autopsy and analyzing the pathological reason for a death to determine if foul play was involved. However, I rarely placed the thought that accounting can have a forensic aspect, too. I was always under the impression that auditors were the forensic accountants. Internal Revenue Agents to audit income tax filings to make sure all income are reported, and deductions have receipts as supporting evidence. Certified Internal Auditors to look at business operations and financial statements within a corporation to make sure internal controls are in place, financial statements are properly recorded, and government regulations have been met. External auditors perform audits for SEC compliance and to attest that the company is in good standings to ensure protection of the public interest. These auditors, in essence, would be able to detect fraud in their job when reviewing audit trails and documentations. Needless to say, I my conception have been construed. There is a whole new field of accounting that is on the rise, which specifically deals with fraud detection. This is called Forensic Accounting. This area sparked my interest.
ABSTRACT: The quantity of accounting fraud cases keeps on rising. Fraud is a consistent thing that will reliably be around, and in a bigger number of routes than just a single. An extensive apportionment of organizations out there fighting fraud, either from within the organization, or from outside the organization. Knowing how to manage this is essential for an organization to be productive over an extended period of time. The investigation regarding the matter of accounting fraud will utilize sources from the web and the DeVry School Library.
No matter auditors work with technology or not, the most important thing in process of auditing is evidence. The basic framework for the auditor understands of evidence and its use to support the auditor's opinion on the financial statement. In reaching an opinion on the financial statements, the evidence gathered from the audit procedure is used to determine the fairness of the financial statements and the type of audit report to be issued. The characters of paper audit evidence are:
The term ‘forensic’ actually means ‘relating to law and science’. In this lesson, we'll review different types of forensic evidence. We will also look at real world cases where forensic evidence was used to solve crimes. !!! Hidden Evidence
Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete audit. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. Computers played an important role of changing the way audits were performed and also brought along some difficulties.