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Overview and Analysis of the Napoleonic Wars
Europe has had a long history of conflicts. Before the Napoleonic Wars that occurred between the years of 1799 and 1815, there were other conflicts in the 18th century such as The Great Northern War, The Seven Years’ War, Pugachev's Rebellion, and the French Revolutionary Wars. Under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte, France was fighting numerous European nations with speed to repeatedly defeat Austrian, Prussian and Russian armies under the series of conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars. The War of the First Coalition that started in 1793 and ended a few years before Napoleon took charge had all the European nations and some nations in Egypt, America and South America having issues. The first campaign of the Napoleonic wars was the War of the Second Coalition. This coalition containing the nations in Europe of Russia, Great Britain, Austria, Portugal, and the Ottoman Empire formed against the French, Napoleon’s nation, in 1798. The nations did not have success because they did not share the same goals and in this time in history, countries were not determined to take power over France. To start this expedition was something Napoleon was very excited for as he was already involved in the east and despised Britain as well. Bonaparte shows this while not being in Egypt part of the war because he was fighting the British. The Russians were under the authority of General Aleksandr Suvorov with the fighting happening mainly in Northern Italy and Switzerland . General Aleksandr Suvorov was off to a good start by fixing some damage that Napoleon had done in Italy. Napoleon was so powerful that his French nation ultimately defeated the Russians. In 1800, he defeated the Austria...
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...in France. Laws all across the world have been impacted because of the Napoleonic code. This set of laws helped establish a democracy of economic stability because what it does is establishes a new law that can eliminate the old custom laws of the rule of the monarchy. We now have constitutions today because of his political ideology. Immediate impacts follow the list of military education, civil law, and military organization.
Works Cited
Dwyer, Philip G. "'It Still Makes Me Shudder': Memories Of Massacres And Atrocities During The Revolutionary And Napoleonic Wars." War In History (2009).
Kagan, Frederick W. “The End of the Old Order: Napoleon and Europe, 1801-1805.”(2006).
McKay, John P. “A History of World Societies. Ninth ed.” (2012).
Unknown Author. "Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)" http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_napoleonic.html (5 Apr. 2014).
The three narratives “Home Soil” by Irene Zabytko, “Song of Napalm” by Bruce Weigl, and “Dulce et Decorum Est” by Wilfred Owen all have the same feelings of war and memory, although not everyone experiences the same war. Zabytko, Weigl, and Owen used shifting beats, dramatic descriptions, and intense, painful images, to convince us that the horror of war far outweighs the devoted awareness of those who fantasize war and the memories that support it.
Bibliography D. M. G. Sutherland, France 1789-1815 Revolution and Counterrevolution (London 1985). Tom Holmberg, “Napoleon and the French Revolution”, 1998, www.napoleonbonaparte.nl/html/body_nap_and_revolution.html. www.chesco.com/artman/napoleonbonaparte.html (Quotes by Napoleon Bonaparte). George Orwell, Animal Farm, Middlesex, England 1945. Colin Jones, The Longman Companion to the French Revolution, (New York, 1988).
Napoleon Bonaparte, an unparalleled military commander who conquered most of Europe around the early 1800’s, invaded Russia in 1812, who was under the rule of Tsar Alexander at the time, lost three quarters of his Grande Armee which was composed of soldiers from all over Europe totaling 600,000 soldiers. This part of history is the most talked about and studied military campaign even today by scholars and military school alike. Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812 was a extraordinary expedition that shocked the French Empire to its foundation and led to its eventual collapse just a year later. This Historiographic comparative
In 1754-1763 The French and Indian war was fought between France and Great Britain. The war began when the British wanted to settle in the Ohio River Valley in order to trade with the Native Americans but the french had already developed forts to protect their trade with the natives, The British was defeated and so they declared war on France. The conflicts of the French and Indian war altered the relationship of Great Britain and its American colonies from at first growing together as one to then separating because of conflicts of Independence.
But in 1812, the seemingly invincible Napoleon made the fateful decision to invade Russia. He advanced deep into that vast country, eventually reaching Moscow in September. He found Moscow had been burned by the Russians and could not support the hungry French Army over the long winter. Thus Napoleon was forced to begin a long retreat, and saw his army decimated to a mere 20,000 men by the severe Russian winter and chaos in the ranks.
Kreis, Steven. “Europe and the Superior Being: Napoleon.” The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. 13 May. 2004. 6 Dec. 2004.
War can destroy a man both in body and mind for the rest of his life. In “The Sniper,” Liam O’Flaherty suggests the horror of war not only by presenting its physical dangers, but also by showing its psychological effects. We are left to wonder which has the longer lasting effect—the visible physical scars or the ones on the inside?
White, Matthew. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres, and Atrocites Before the 20th Century. 1999-2010. Document. 30 October 2013.
Kreis, S. (2001). The History Guide. Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: The Code Napoleon. 15 July, 2010, http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/code_nap.html
Napoleon to the French Nation, 15 Dec 1799, Howard, John Letters and Documents of Napoleon (London, 1961) p.428.
During the Napoleonic reign, the biggest reform appeared to be the loss of hereditary rights of the upper class citizens. Before Napoleon became a king, a lot of jobs were inherited. The purchase of the offices was rather common and skills were not required. Revolution believed in equality. Napoleon established that equality by granting everyone equal right to attempt the job. Now the positions were given out based on merit only. This change created fairness and limited the rights of the nobles at the same time. France was not the only country that felt the influence of the Napoleonic reform. Italian and German aristocrats were overthrown as well, and the weakening of the Spanish nobility even led to the revolt.
Within Europe, imperialism occurred at the height of industrialization. As European countries were discovering more about the sciences and mass production benefits via industrialization, a demand and competition for more land and produce was developing, and this would create the tension needed to begin the First World War. Germany and Great Britain were two powerful European countries that had been trying to establish control in Africa and Asia, two countries that were not as strong as them, and relatively vulnerable. Due to rebellions of the native people and interferences by each other and other countries, they were not entirely successful. This lack of cooperation between European countries in the attempt to govern and control weaker states so as to use their products for trade caused tension, and finally after it built up to a certain point, war was the only option left.
Two authors, General Carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. " A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will instantly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy." pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia.
They resisted the continental system ? the system Napoleon set up ? based on Roman government, because it was cutting off their supply?s as it was aimed as destroying the British economy. Conflict broke out and Portugal violated the blockade against the British trade and Spain revolted against Napoleon?s brother?s rule. These small revolts resulted in guerrilla warfare ? small bands of troops that attack in short bursts. Napoleons worst battle was in Russia and it led to his downfall. Napoleon amassed a huge army when Czar Alexander I refused to suppress British trade, and marched on Russia in 1812. Napoleon wanted to fight the Russians in one big battle but the Russians, seeing that they were vastly outnumbered, withdrew and went back to Russia to build a better army. As they went back to Russia the instituted a ?scorched earth policy?, meaning, that they burned everythi...
Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the famous figures in French history by the importance of his internal reforms. However, he remains primarily in global memory as one of the greatest military commanders in history. Indeed, Napoleon Bonaparte delivered more battles than Alexander the Great, Hannibal, or Caesar. His campaigns covered all Europe from Spain to Russia, without forgetting the East with Egypt and Syria. The French Emperor entered in the prestigious capitals of Europe, Milan, Vienna (twice), Berlin, Madrid and Moscow. Napoleon has greatly influenced the Western way of war, not only by the new organization of armies, but also by the optimization of different capabilities and the combination between leadership and creativity in the battlefields.