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Minorities and the juvenile justice system
Minorities and the juvenile justice system
Minorities and the juvenile justice system
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The Disproportionate Minority Confinement is disproportionate representation of the minority youth in the Juvenile Justice system. DMC became core requirement under the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 1974. Minorities were over presented as perpetrators and underrepresented as victims. The DMC has four components: identify to the cause, asset the problem, to identify the causes, and to develop and help to create a plan to decrease the problem. The Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC) of Youth: An Analysis of State and Federal Efforts to Address the Issue by Michael Leiber gave the readers a background and summary of the DMC report and focused on the effort put forward by the state and federal to decrease the overrepresentation …show more content…
of minorities. Leiber used the case study research method based on the DMC report and analysis the information. This article was interesting and gave insight on the serious problem of overrepresentation of minorities in the criminal justice system. The DMC became a core requirement for the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. DMC was a empirical research study examining the bookings of minority youth. Leiber wanted to further look at how the states and federal intuitions were complying with the rules and regulations. I believe that Leiber used the corrected research method. He used information that was provided to analysis and determine if indeed those responsible for making sure there was a decrease. While using the case study method Leiber was able to gather information to determine the development of the DMC report.
Lieber gave the audience a in depth and detailed examination of the DMC report. The DMC provided funding for juvenile centers if they’re following the rules, which is to decrease the overrepresentation of minorities. Leiber was able to take a look at how the DMC has developed by analyzing the data collected. Lieber examined the compliance with the identification and assessment stages of the DMC requirements. According to Liber, Minority youth overrepresentation was greatest varied by State. Overrepresentation existed for Black and Hispanic youths, with greater overrepresentation among African American youth than among Hispanic …show more content…
youth. The writing style I identified was informal writing style which speaks directly to the audience. Lieber did a great job at giving the entire background to the audience so there’s understanding on the DMC report. It was easier to comprehend the context with all of the details given by the arthour. Lieber has taken what he has gathered to help others know how the DMC is being kept. Lieber found that there were no recent data collected to show the improvement of the DMC report so he’s writing this to inform the audience of the improvement if any. I think Lieber’s writing style was great for this article. The purpose of this article was given from the beginning. In my opinion the purpose of the report was great because the audience knows just about how is the report significant or not and given insight so there’s no confusion for the readers. Although,I understand the purpose of the report that was noted. I think the purpose was the right amount of length for the audience. The setup of the article started off with the background and purpose then we into the analysis of the DMC report from Lieber.
I enjoyed reading this article because of the structure. The setup made it easier to comprehend the dynamics but it was too much information. There could have been an shorter and easier way to create the setup. The article started with the introduction which was good then moved to the DMC requirement. I think that the requirements were repeated in the introduction. The DMC requirement session was too much. The audience was given too much to read. Just a simplified version of the requirements would’ve been great. Then came the system perspective focus to address the primary focus to the DMC report “The Children in Custody data and the research by Huizinga and Elliot and by the pope and Feyerherm set the stage and the agenda for addressing DMC…leading to confinement (Feyerherm, 1995).”
P.5 It was a good idea to give a perspective because of the length the audience could get lost. If the article was shorter with enough information to give the readers so they understand would be better. The setup of the each section was great for the details but not for the amount of information. The article was an interesting read. Overall I enjoyed the information and learned about the DMC, which I knew nothing about before reading this article but it was a lot to read. The background was incredible long, so if I had to change something about the structure I would shorten the background so I could elaborate more on my findings. Lieber gave useful information to help readers understand. I think that Lieber used the correct research method because he had to gather the information from the records to see if there were any improvements or if the requirements were being followed by the states. Lieber found that there wasn’t enough information released that showed how the process was going. Liber used a informational approach to give insight to the audience. I identified the audience as students studying criminal justice, researchers, and those who are involved with the criminal justice as contributors.
In many nation states, it is noticed that there is a disproportionate number of black people especially those youngsters going through the criminal justice system. The overrepresentation is illustrated by related data released by the U.S. Department of Justice and the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. In America, almost 3500 per 100,000 residents of the black male were sent to jail in 2013 which was over seven times more than the ratio their white counterpart had and in England and Wales, 8.5% of young black people aged between 10-17 were arrested during the same period .This essay aims to explore the reasons behind the ethnic overrepresentation in the criminal justice system and believes that the higher rate of offending for some race groups and the existence of systematic racist which partially stems from the contemporary media distortion are attributive to the overrepresentation.
Juvenile Justice Reforms in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2011, from Juvenile Transfer to Criminal Courts: http://www.ojjdp.gov
Throughout the semester, we have discussed many different issues that are currently prevalent in the United States, specifically those related to racial discrimination. One specific issue that I have developed interest and research in is that of institutionalized racism, specifically in the form of mass incarceration, and what kinds of effects mass incarceration has on a community. In this paper, I will briefly examine a range of issues surrounding the mass incarceration of black and Latino males, the development of a racial undercaste because of rising incarceration rates, women and children’s involvement and roles they attain in the era of mass incarceration, and the economic importance that the prison system has due to its development.
Correctional agencies do not control the number of minorities who enter their facilities. Therefore, the disparity must come from decisions made earlier in the criminal justice process. Law enforcement, court pre-sentencing policies and procedures, and sentencing all have a direct affect on the overrepresentation of minorities in the correctional population. The prospect of a racially discriminatory process violates the ideals of equal treatment under law under which the system is premised (Kansal, 2005).
This study is about the phenomena of students experiencing a transfer from school straight into juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. Heitzeg (2010, 1) presents how this study attempts to explain how the pipeline emerged with the help of media and youth violence. In addition to media, the process of moving youth toward the pipeline is also due to authority’s tendency to target youth according to racial, social, and economic backgrounds (Heitzeg, 2010). The implementations of zero tolerance policies exhibit a trend among African American and Hispanic/Latino youth. “African-American students are referred for misbehavior that is both less serious and more subjective than white students” (Fowler, 2011, p.17). According to a study done by the Public Policy Research Institute at Texas A&M University (2005), “the single greatest predictor of future involvement in the juvenile system is a history of disciplinary referrals at school.”(Fo...
This research essay discusses racial disparities in the sentencing policies and process, which is one of the major factors contributing to the current overrepresentation of minorities in the judicial system, further threatening the African American and Latino communities. This is also evident from the fact that Blacks are almost 7 times more likely to be incarcerated than are Whites (Kartz, 2000). The argument presented in the essay is that how the laws that have been established for sentencing tend to target the people of color more and therefore their chances of ending up on prison are higher than the whites. The essay further goes on to talk about the judges and the prosecutors who due to different factors, tend to make their decisions
Studies and anecdotes have shown that our modern approach, however, is ill-equipped to reduce crime or deal with chronic delinquents while at the same time protecting their due liberties. We now stand on the precipice of decision: How can we strike an appropriate balance in the juvenile justice system? Should we even retain a separate system for children at all? The answers are usually difficult, sometimes subtle, but always possible to attain.
The historical development of the juvenile justice system in the United States is one that is focused on forming and separating trying juveniles from adult counterparts. One of the most important aspects is focusing on ensuring that there is a level of fairness and equality with respect to the cognitive abilities and processes of juvenile as it relates to committing crime. Some of the most important case legislation that would strengthen the argument in regard to the development of the juvenile justice system is related to the reform of the justice system during the turn of the 19th century. Many juveniles were unfortunately caught in the crosshairs of being tried as adults and ultimately receiving punishments not in line with their ability
Females are increasingly becoming more active in the juvenile justice system and this is said to be happening at alarming rates. It is important to learn more about why and how girls commit crimes so that we may also attempt intervention in an effective manner to prevent potential offenders and rehabilitate the girls who have already committed offenses. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has produced a report that includes a review of how these girls are getting into these situations, how states are dealing with this population of offenders, the national efforts that have taken place to attempt to address the needs of the adolescent female offender including training for individuals who work with these females and a female-based continuum of care model that’s use is recommended in the development of any female program development. This population of offenders requires not special treatment but different treatment than the typical juvenile offender which has been up until recently mostly all male.
Many inequalities exist within the justice system that need to be brought to light and addressed. Statistics show that African American men are arrested more often than females and people of other races. There are some measures that can and need to be taken to reduce the racial disparity in the justice system. Racial disparity in the criminal justice system exists when the proportion of a racial or ethnic group within the control system is higher than the proportion of the group in the general population. The cause of this disparity varies and can include differences in the levels of criminal activity, law enforcements emphasis on particular communities, legislative policies, and/or decision making by one or more persons at some level in the criminal justice system.
The US Justice Department statistics 2003 and onwards demonstrates significant disproportion in the incarceration rate of minority African American and Hispanic men between the ages of 25 and 29 years as compared to the rate associated with White men of the same age. Bell (2007), proposes that as minority groups grow in numbers within the dominant group they will experience greater equality. However, rate of incarceration among minority males remains alarmingly high and as compared to their White counterparts. As with health care there are racial disparities that will influence outcomes when an individual is brought before the criminal courts. Additionally, there is significant correlation between a person’s level of education and the likelihood of his involvement in criminal activities. Studies and statistics have shown that among male high school dropouts there is high incidence of unemployment, low income and rate of illicit drug use as compared to men with degrees from four year colleges. Further to this, although the rate of school dropout and even arrest is not significantly different across the race lines, literature alludes that African American men have a higher rate of conviction for the same crime committed.
When our thoughts turn to the criminal justice system it is only a natural instinct to assume everyone associated with policing, courts, and corrections will have to deal with juveniles sometime in their career. Young people in today’s society can be so easily influenced by social situations, peer pressure, and family members. The courts in the United States are faced with difficult decisions on a daily basis. Sentencing juveniles to adult facilities for their crimes is becoming a common trend in the justice system today; however it is not a deterrent whatsoever. “The current policies of juvenile bind over to adult criminal court and severe sentencing have been unsuccessful
Juvenile delinquency is a problem these days, despite a recent drop in arrests. Roughly 2.5 million juveniles are arrested every year for different crimes in America. About 100,000 of those are violent crimes, however those statistics are slightly inaccurate since only half of juvenile crimes are reported (Juvenile Justice Basic Statistics, 2011). Creating interventions to assist at-risk youth means preventing them from starting on a path to crime is a priority. Juvenile justice system researchers and professionals must gain a better understanding of the contributing elements that cause delinquent behavior.
In the wake of President Obama’s election, the United States seems to be progressing towards a post-racial society. However, the rates of mass incarceration of black males in America deem this to be otherwise. Understanding mass incarceration as a modern racial caste system will reveal the role of the criminal justice system in creating and perpetuating racial hierarchy America. The history of social control in the United States dates back to the first racial caste systems: slavery and the Jim Crow Laws. Although these caste systems were outlawed by the 13th amendment and Civil Rights Act respectively, they are given new life and tailored to the needs of the time.In other words, racial caste in America has not ended but has merely been redesigned in the shape of mass incarceration. Once again, the fact that more than half of the young black men in many large American cities are under the control of the criminal justice system show evidence of a new racial caste system at work. The structure of the criminal justice system brings a disproportionate number of young black males into prisons, relegating them to a permanent second-class status, and ensuring there chances of freedom are slim. Even when minorities are released from prisons, they are discriminated against and most usually end up back in prisons . The role of race in criminal justice system is set up to discriminate, arrest, and imprison a mass number of minority men. From stopping, searching, and arresting, to plea bargaining and sentencing it is apparent that in every phases of the criminal justice system race plays a huge factor. Race and structure of Criminal Justice System, also, inhibit the integration of ex offenders into society and instead of freedom, relea...
There is ongoing debate as to what should be done with juvenile courts. Should juvenile courts be abolished or just reformed? There are a number of reasons offered for each viewpoint, and the ultimate goal is trying to figure out which option would be most beneficial for juveniles. Juvenile delinquency is a continuous problem in the United States. It is also considered an issue that all of society needs to take part in trying to solve or at least diminish. Despite the number of social controls that can aid in dealing with delinquency much of the burden is placed on the juvenile justice system. It is well understood that the juvenile courts have a lot of imperfections. These imperfections are what caused the calls for reform or abolishment. There are a number of recommendations that Barry C. Feld offered that could serve as reforms. Some of his recommendations pertain to rehabilitation, welfare, resources and rights. Despite these recommendations Feld still prefers abolishment or more specifically creating an integrated system. Before discussing whether abolishment or reform is a better option it is important to address the recommendations Feld suggested as areas of the juvenile court system that need reform.