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Essays on cultural heritage
Essays on cultural heritage
Essays on cultural heritage
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In 1991, the body of a 5,000-year-old murder victim was discovered in melting ice at a rock-gully crime scene high in the Italian Otzal Alps. Nicknamed “Otzi“, the estimated 45-year-old man and his possessions were well persevered in ice. His skin, hair, bones, and organs were cryopreserved in time, allowing archeological researchers a phenomenal insight into human life in the Copper Age.
The frozen corpse also gave modern science the opportunity to forensically investigate and positively determine how Otzi the Iceman was killed.
The story began on a sunny September day, when two hikers were traversing a mountain pass at the 3210-meter (10,530 foot) level and saw a brown, leathery shape protruding from the ice amidst running melt-water. Examining closely, they found a human body which they thought might be the victim of a past mountaineering accident.
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A scientific team was assembled and, over a three-day period, the remains were extracted and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck.
Such an incredibly valuable find soon led to a jurisdictional argument between the Austrian and Italian governments and an immediate border survey was done, finding Otzi had been lying ninety-two meters inside of Italian territory. Italy gained legal possession of the body and artifacts, however in the interests of science and history, everything was kept at Innsbruck until a proper, climate-controlled facility was built at the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, Italy, where Otzi the Iceman now rests.
Many questions arose. Who was he? Where did he come from? How long ago did he live? And, of course, what caused his
One of the major task that needs to be taken care of before anything could proceed was to get a consent from the family of the individuals that were missing or had been considered dead. Since in some of the cultures it is considered very disrespectful to dig up the burial ground even if it is to find out the truth about what had happened. When and if the bodies are found the anthropologists try to the best of their ability to be careful and respectful of the remains that they found.
“Mask of Agamemnon” and shaft graves are other important discoveries for Heinrich Schliemann. After leaving Turkey, Schliemann started digging in M...
Two detectives were assigned to the case: Harry Hanson and Finis Brown. [2] When they and the police arrived at the crime scene, it was already swarming with people, gawkers and reporters. The entire situation was out of hand and crowded, everyone trampling all over any hopes for good evidence. [2] One thing they did report finding was a nearby cement block with watery blood on it, tire tracks and a heel print on the ground. There was dew under the body so they knew it had been set there just after 2 a.m. when temperatures dropped to 38 degrees.
Even though inartistic proofs can be questioned, because of the conflicting reports it is obvious someone made an error at some point. The reader does not have to click on a link to view these inartistic proofs, they are embedded right in the website. Documents within the website include: The Valdosta-Lowndes Regional Crime Laboratory, the Official Report done by the Division of Forensic Sciences of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, and the second autopsy report done by the Forensic Dimension in Florida.
He grew his beard out, which was a deep black color and extended up to his eyes. It was luxuriously thick and he would light matches within it to have a fiery look upon which he gazed at his enemies. It was terrifying for those who met him in person and he was described as a
One scientist was able to tell what a person had done his or her entire life, be it sitting at a desk twenty-four seven or playing professional tennis. The way forensic anthropology is used in an investigation is when a body is found that is beyond recognition, whether it be burned or decomposed. These scientists will clean the bones after a forensic pathologist has looked at the body to see if there are any noticeable differences in the organs or tissues. Once that is done, they will do a facial reconstruction on the skull. Most of the time, this is done to get a positive identification on the body. Then, they will examine the entire skeletal remains, looking for nicks, broken bones, anything that could help identify how the victim was killed. All of these processes take a lot of time to complete, but once they are done, the rewards are worth
Chamberlain, Andrew, and Pearson Michael Parker. Earthly Remains: The History and Science of Preserved Human Bodies. New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print.
results of the forensic anthropology. For instance, if a crime is committed at a certain scene,
When a suspicious body appears in the morgue, the forensics team goes to work. The body, if still covered in tissue goes to the forensic pathologist who will study the tissue extensively. If a conclusion is unable to be reached through this process, the pathologist will remove the tissue from the bone and send the skeleton to the forensic anthropologist. In other cases, the victim is found with no to little tissue on the bone, making it nearly impossible for a layman to discover any identifying characteristics about the person. The forensic anthropologist’s first job is to determine the sex, age and race of the victim (Sauer, 1998).
The next story is of Colby Coombs, a 25 year old, who was vacationing in Alaska. He and his two climbing friends were caught up in an avalanche in Mt. Foraker. They were knocked 800 feet down the mountain. Coombs was knocked unconscious and woke up 6 hours later dangling from his rope. He had sustained a fractured ankle, a broken collar bone and two broken vertebrae in his neck. His 2 friends did not survive the avalanche. The next four days he struggled to climb down to their base camp and then traversed another five miles to cross a glacier before being rescued.
Otzi had various clothes and hand tools, which helped archaeologists figure out what his life may have been like. A cooper ax for chopping firewood, a six-foot bow with 14 arrows for hunting game, a woven grass cape for extra warmth, a deerskin coat for protection from the cold, a flint knife with a leather case for cutting, and leather pants of animal skins and leather boots insulated with grass to keep the legs and feet warm. These are the reasons Otzi was considered a significant artifact of this time period. Cave paintings also helped improve our understanding of what life was like for early man in the Paleolithic Age. On September 12, 1940, in the Lascaux cave (in Lascaux, France), 4 teenagers discovered a collection of prehistoric paintings (over 600). According to archaeologists, the Paleolithic people found a way to express themselves through their artwork. It was the first art in global history. In addition, the paint came from iron dust, sand, clay, crushed rocks, fruits, charcoal, and blood. Their artwork conveys different messages. The moving animals shows that they were
his life. I hope to change this flaw in the history books by telling you as
A blast of adrenaline charges throughout my body as I experience the initial drop. My body's weight shifts mechanically, cutting the snow in a practiced rhythm. The trail curves abruptly and I advance toward a shaded region of the mountain. Suddenly, my legs chatter violently, scraping against the concealed ice patches that pepper the trail. After overcompensating from a nearly disastrous slip, balance fails and my knees buckle helplessly. In a storm of powder snow and ski equipment, body parts collide with nature. My left hand plows forcefully into ice, cracking painfully at the wrist. For an eternity of 30 seconds, my body somersaults downward, moguls of ice toy with my head and further agonize my broken wrist. Ultimately veering into underbrush and pine trees, my cheeks burn, my broken wrist surging with pain. Standing up confused, I attempt climbing the mountain but lose another 20 feet to the force of gravity.
Within this chapter, five main objectives of forensic anthropologists will be discussed. (1) When visual inspection is not possible, forensic specialists attempt to determine ancestry (i.e. race or ethnic group), sex, age, and living height from the skeleton. (2) When traumatic evidences are seen, forensic specialists attempt to identify the nature of traumas and their causative agents at the same time gathering information about the cause and manner of death. (3) Forensic specialists determine the amount of time that has passed since persons have died. (4) Forensic specialists can assist in locating and recovering buried or surface remains wherein all relevant evidences are collected. (5) Forensic specialists can provide information useful in obtaining positive identifications of deceased persons.