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Cause and effects of procrastination
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Opportunity cost is simply what you give up in order to do something or more specifically the highest-value opportunity forgone (Maranjian, 2013). Opportunity cost can be anything in our daily lives like: time, money, skill, work, etc. We have the tendency to choose an option without knowing or considering the other alternatives. Opportunity costs are not always noticed sometimes we humans lack in decision making. There are a lot of different examples of opportunity cost in our lives yet we still do not analyze them very well. Informal care is an example of an opportunity cost. Informal carers find it hard to balance their time to their patient’s time because some tasks are time-bound or can be accomplished in a certain time of day. Example …show more content…
Nowadays people are busy or lazy, they tend to procrastinate. Example, when a solicitation for donation is requested people to make an oversight, unconsciously until it is forgotten or done at the last minute. The question is, would longer deadlines or shorter deadlines influence people to donate early and not procrastinate? Field experiments, suggests that charitable giving does not depend on the deadline length (Damgaard & Gravert 2014, cited in Knowles & Servatáka, 2011). Nowadays, people may be more likely to ‘find’ the time to take an action that increases their own consumption but less likely ‘find’ the time to take an action that benefits others (Knowles & Servatáka, 2011). People give up the opportunity to help others just to benefit themselves. We spend money every day without knowing the consequence or the cost. When choosing something, decision making is very important when it comes to money. When we look at what else we could do with our money, or buy thing blindly we don’t consider the opportunities we have lose (Levitt, 2012).When it comes to opportunity cost decision making has as important role. Without it, we would have made the wrong choices and have lost many
Nineteenth century British philosophers, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill sum up their theory of Utilitarianism, or the “principle of utility,” which is defined as, “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness” (Munson, 2012, p. 863). This theory’s main focus is to observe the consequences of an action(s), rather than the action itself. The utility, or usef...
Judith Lichtenberg successfully conveys her moral theory with many questions regarding her topics of abstractness, the sense of futility and ineffectiveness, overestimating our generosity, distance, the relativity of well-being, the power of shame, and the drops in the bucket. Using these practical and philosophical ideas she explains why we as a people should search to discover the obstacles that are preventing us from giving more, rather than the finding our charitable obligations and the amounts we should be giving. She leads us to the ideal of motivation and tells us to pay less attention to obligation, because without X being moved to do an act, does it really matter what the act was if X never induces the action?
Many have tried to use money on several occasions to help or solve a situation, however this has been noted to be not very effective. Often times, people assume that by giving heaping amounts of money to an issue, they will solve it. This is not the case. However, there is an issue with this.
because it gave us something to use for the future to prep us for all of the mistakes that can be easily
In Utilitarianism the aim of our actions is to achieve happiness for the greatest number of people. “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” (Mill, 1971). Utilitarianism directly appeals to human emotions and our reactions to different events. Emotions are a fundamental Way of Knowing and influence both ethical and economical theories. In most cultures there are fundame...
“The value of the next best alternative foregone as the result of making a decision”(Brue, 2005)
The Paradox of Choice has multiple points that can be considered the big take aways. First, choosing is not an easy procedure in daily life. The consumer must learn to be careful and choose strategically. Second, when making decisions, one cannot expect to get maximum results. Sometimes settling for less is necessary. Finally, the decision maker must account for loss, and be prepared to experience negative results from some decisions.
States in the recent years. The purpose of today’s health care is to manage costs while
Thomas, George and C. Daniel Batson. “Effect of Helping Under Normative Pressure on Self-Perceived Altruism.” Social Psychology Quarterly 44.2 (1981): 127-131. Web. 5 Feb. 2012
An 'economic cost-benefit analysis' approach to reasoning sees actions favoured and chosen if the benefit outweighs the cost. Here, the benefits and costs are in the form of economic benefits and costs, such as, monetary loss or profit. One who is motivated by such an approach will deem a course of action preferable if doing so results in an economic profit. Conversely, actions will be avoided if they result in an economic loss (Kelman 1981).
A crucial reason in favour of mental accounting and overconfidence is decision efficiency. Real-life investing scenario changes every moment Time-consuming and systematic thinking process seldom is allowed during the intense decision-making (Stewart Jr et al., 1999, Busenitz and Barney, 1997). Additionally, the ‘small world’ used by the economic theory, which only applied to strict condition, is not necessarily applicable in the practical investment decision. As the assumption in those analysis approach may not conform with real life well and for most of times, cognitive heuristics is more suitable for the uncertainty(Gigerenzer and Gaissmaier, 2011). However, there is also a few argument against them, for it may hinder people from examining their investment choice thoroughly. Research shows that they did not perceive themselves as risk taker, but in fact, they are more likely to take relatively low return alternatives as ‘opportunities’, indicating that they are risk-taking to a great extent(Palich and Ray Bagby, 1995). As a result of the illusion created by such factors, decision makers tend to be narrow-minded in composing strategies and unable to bring enough information into thought(Schwenk, 1988). It was demonstrated by several researches that decisions made by means of biases and heuristics impose
...s have shown that humans are risk averse, and they value loss more than gains from a bet, which means that wealth shows diminishing marginal utility.
The four principles of individual decision- making suggest that people face trade off. People have to give up a thing to acquire some other thing. This includes money, time, resources, and energy. The cost of something is what a person is willing to give up to obtain it. Therefore, the need is to find an alternative and then to compare and contrast the cost and the benefits of the alternative action by making a rational decision. Rational people think at a margin. Rational people purposefully evaluate options and opportunities. The marginal benefit is look at from the viewpoint of the consumers’ end of the equation, whereas, the marginal cost affect the producers. ...
Therefore, to achieve this objective, managers have to make choices in decision-making, which is the process of selecting a course of action from two or more alternatives (Weihrich & Koontz; 1994, 199). A sound decision making requires extensive knowledge of economic theory and the tools of economic analysis, that are directly related in the process of decision-making. Since managerial economics is concerned with such economic theories and tools of analysis, it is very relevant to the managerial decision-making process.
Money provides pleasure for humans, like houses, cars, or things people like in the term of toys. However, those material needs will bring temporary happiness. People can buy the newest toy they want, like iPhone. People feel pleasure when people the get the things they want. However, since it is a technology, other new things will be released and the pleasure from the precious toys will decrease. Telegraph, interviewed an Australian millionaire, Karl Rabeder, who was able to buy 3,455 sq ft villa which worth 1.4 million pound sterling. He was also able to buy 17 hectares farmhouse which worth 613,000 pound sterling in the market. He also collected six gliders, which valued at 350,000 pound sterling, and a luxury Audi A8, worth 44,000 pound sterling. He was also able to have a vacation to Hawaii and enjoy the five stars hotel he stayed at. However, he sold his entire asset and gave it all to charity in Central and Latin America. He realizes that money avoids the happiness to come. Now he feels lighter than ever. Many lottery winners also return their prize to charity. Once there was also an old Chinese man who won 4 million Yuan. The onl...