Introduction
One health is a concept of bringing together human, animal, and environmental health. That is a further step of the control of infectious disease. Over three decades, epidemic of new infectious diseases has occurred more often. Many unknown diseases such as Lyme disease, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Nipah virus disease, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were not isolated before 1982. Moreover, growth rate of antibiotic resistance and re-emerging infectious diseases such as rabies and food-borne diseases are occurring nowadays. Where do these diseases come from? How can they be detected early? The answers are in the One Health which is a prevention strategy. In this report, it will be highlighted a brief explanation
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In the past, it was mainly about the interdependence of human, animal and environmental health. Then, it has included other aspects such as food security and poverty because these have effects on health. According to Miller et al (in Hasler et al., 2014), “One Health is a concept that addresses complex challenges to promote the health and well-being of all species through the integration of relevant sciences at the systems level.” As Bidaisee and Macpherson (2013) report, zoonotic diseases account for about 75 percent of new emerging infectious disease in human population. That means these diseases might be transmitted to human population from their natural hosts. Over 30 years, they have mutated crosses the species barrier to humans as a result of the increasing interconnection of humans on animals and animal products. Atlas and his colleagues (2014) also point out that human demographic, international travel, economic development and land-use, climate change and contact between human, domestic animals and wildlife contribute zoonotic diseases to transmit to humans. Therefore, a disease occurrence in animal population can be a sentinel event warning human health (Rabinowitz and Conti 2010). For example, HIV is the one of related viruses that has crossed into humans from animals. According to Alcamo (2003), HIV has biochemical similarities to simian immunodeficiency virus in the African green …show more content…
First of all, investigation into the diseases is to understand their transmission. According to Atlas et al (2014), after zoonotic organisms cross the species barrier to infect humans, there are several possible modes of transmission. Firstly, no further transmission means that an infected human is an endpoint of diseases such as rabies and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Secondly, nonsustained human-to-human transmission is a common way of influenza A (H5N1) and human monkeypox that are transmitted by close contact. Thirdly, sustained human-to-human transmission is the transmission from infected animals to humans. Fourthly, sustained transmission results in endemicity. The mutation of zoonotic organisms crossing the species barrier results from several factors which are from both hosts and organisms. In term of host, land use change, food and agricultural systems, human behaviour and environmental systems are main factors of the mutation, while organism’s biology and genetics play a significant role. In addition, they also state that the investigation assists to estimate the risk to human and the risk of transmission to humans. Moreover, it uses to determine a range of emergency response measures including surveillance, contact tracing, isolation, social distancing, available vaccination or medicines. For example, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARA) was caused by an animal
The medical field is a vast land of beauty but with great beauty comes immense horror. There are many deadly viruses and diseases found in the medical field. In the novel, The Hot Zone by Richard Preston, the author discusses the many deadly viruses found in the field. The viruses are widespread due to the errors that occur when the viruses are in the presence of human beings. The effects of the errors performed by the human race include a decrease in population and wildlife. The viruses are spread in many different ways in the novel, but all are due to human mistakes.
Exotic animals carry diseases and infections that can be potentially harmful or fatal to humans, jeopardizing the safety of the community. These diseases range in severity from common ringworm infections from African pygmy hedgehogs to lyssaviruses in p...
2.3 Explain how the health and social care practitioner own values, beliefs and experiences can influence delivery of care.
Healthy People 2020 is a program for the promotion of health and the prevention of diseases, launched by the Department of Health and Human Services in December 2010. According to healthypeople.gov, this program has four overarching goals which are first to achieve healthy, longer lives free of preventable diseases, injuries, and premature deaths; to achieve health fairness, eliminate differences, and improve all groups’ health; also to produce social and physical environments that encourage good health; and last but not least to promote life’s quality, healthy development, and healthy behaviors through all life stages. This program has a vision of a community where people live long, healthy lives. Healthy People 2020 offers a comprehensive set of 10 years of nationwide goals and objectives that is meant to improve the health of the American population. Healthy People 2020 covers 42 topic areas with approximately 600 objectives, which include 1,200 measures. A smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives, has been designated to communicate high-priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them, this objectives are called Leading Health Indicators. The program goes above and beyond these health indicators in order to provide the best care for the people of this country. These indictors cover from the access of health service, nutrition, physical activity, and obesity to substance abuse, environmental quality, injury and violence.
The rapid pace of vaccine development convinces people that they are safe from the infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the anthrax outbreak in 2001, having killed five people, reveals the vulnerability of the public health, suggesting that further research on contagious epidemics should be developed abruptly. In response to this issue, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) granted Boston University a $128 million funding for the construction of a new leading facility known as the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL or BU Biolab), which would be sited on the Boston University Medical Campus, to battle against contagious ailments. Besides conducting research on infectious diseases, the BU Biolab will also perform research to prepare for bioterrorism (Le Duc). According to the Center for Disease Control, there are four levels of increasing of containment for research on infections ranging from Biosafety Levels 1 through 4 (BSL-1 to BSL-4). While much of the research on epidemics is done in laboratories with BSL-2 to BSL-3, the BU Biolab, with the highest level of precaution, BSL-4, will conduct research on rare contagious epidemics including anthrax, ebola, and plague, which are usually life threatening.
There are thing that make people more susceptible to contracting zoonotic diseases. Either it’s knowingly or unknowingly, humans are prone to the dangers of being direct targets of zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are transmittable in various ways weather through ingestion or direct contact. There are countless numbers of zoonotic diseases some more commonly known than others but all equally important. Preventing the contraction or spread of zoonotic diseases is easily manageable with medication and vaccines along with following small tips that not only protect humans but the animal population as well.
Health promotion is the process of improving health status of a person and prevention of disease by enabling the person to take control of their health. It is not just the absence of disease (Maben, & Clark, 1995). Health promotion is commonly used term in health care world, and in current society the promotion of health has greater significance, especially with the rise in consumerism. Health promotion is a vital concept for nursing, symbolizing notions that nursing is related today. Nurses are being urged to take a health promotion role, and are deemed by others as an ideal role for them. It is therefore crucial that nurses cognize the meaning of health promotion and also what is expected from them by undertaking this
Historically, the nursing profession has been actively involved in the health promotion and disease prevention among the general public. However, while caring for others, nurses often neglect their personal safety, which ultimately results in the high level of work-related injuries. Failure to timely address risk factors for nursing can have dire consequences for patient outcomes, since it is often associated with increased medication errors and patient falls, poor quality of care, and permanent disability of the nursing staff (Stokowski, 2014).
In the 1960s, doctors in the United States predicted that infectious diseases were in decline. US surgeon Dr. William H. Stewart told the nation that it had already seen most of the frontiers in the field of contagious disease. Epidemiology seemed destined to become a scientific backwater (Karlen 1995, 3). Although people thought that this particular field was gradually dying, it wasn’t. A lot more of it was destined to come. By the late 1980s, it became clear that people’s initial belief of infectious diseases declining needed to be qualified, as a host of new diseases emerged to infect human beings (Smallman & Brown, 2011).With the current trends, the epidemics and pandemics we have faced have created a very chaotic and unreliable future for mankind. As of today, it has really been difficult to prevent global epidemics and pandemics. Although the cases may be different from one state to another, the challenges we all face are all interconnected in this globalized world.
When thinking of my overall health, a few aspects stand out that I think I could definitely improve on. When I think my current personal wellness I think it is fairly decent. There are definitely people out there far worse than myself. It could be better because there is always room for improvement. I’m a big fan of personal growth. To me if a person decides to stop growing or wanting to better themselves either mentally, physically or emotiontally. Then whats the real purpose for living? I am a fairly active person. I love to hike, stay fit and eat healthy. Living a healthy lifestyle isn’t hard for me which I think definitely contributes to a wellness.
Western culture stresses ultimate dedication in the workplace, often at the expense of an employee’s mental well-being. Individuals will work holidays, arrive early and leave late, and attend all outside work functions in hopes of finding themselves in opportunities for advancement more often than others. After centuries of being slaves to the desks and nine-to-five workday, the new millennial culture has begun to reconsider the life sentence of work before personal lives. In this paper, I investigate what exactly has led to holistic health, alternative medicines, and preventative care take a place in society as a profitable part of our culture in the following: by detailing the increase of healthcare costs; the impact of the recent definition
Immunisation is the process where an animal or person becomes protected against a virus or disease through an enhancement of their immune system. Vaccination against a specific disease not only reduces the incidence of that disease, it reduces the social and economic burden of the disease on communities. Very high immunisation coverage can lead to complete blocking of transmission for many vaccine preventable diseases. The world-wide eradication of smallpox and the near eradication of polio from many countries provide excellent examples of the role of immunisation in disease control.
I have always been intrigued by the field of science and that is the reason I pursued the field of Biochemistry for my undergraduate studies. How The Human body works and the different determinants that can affect one's health or a community as a whole have always been captivating to me. I wanted to emerge in a profession that is beneficial for me, my community, and the world I live in. I came to realize through various science courses and health care experiences that a career in health care was the best path for me to outreach my community and the world.
There are numerous public health problems that can be addressed in my Southside of Chicago community. Among the several public health problems facing my Southside of Chicago community there are two that are more urgent. Health education or one might say lack thereof is a problem that needs to be addressed. My community is plagued with many of the residents suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes, and the killer virus known as HIV. In most cases these conditions can be prevented with healthier lifestyles and access to nutritious organic foods. In addition, environmental health is another urgent problem my community is facing. Access to clean, safe water and air is supposed to be a fundamental human right aimed at a healthy environment. Yet, my community consists a waste contaminated beach, numerous deteriorated building that are still occupied, and a countless number of restaurant and stores supplying our residents with services that are endangering their health.
I have learned a lot about my health and wellness thorough out this semester it is truly amazing. The impact these seven different dimensions have on our health they are, physical, intellectual, psychological, spiritual, social, environmental, and occupational all play a role in our health. All in so many different ways working together to make a brighter and happier healthier us. These seven dimensions make up whom we are and how we live our life is all based upon how we balance these dimensions.