“Improving Security of Oil Pipeline SCADA Systems Using Service-Oriented Architectures” is an article written by Nary Subramanian in 2008. The article introduces a new computer system that will improve a current computer system that runs oil pipelines. The purpose of this article was to convince the audience that the new computer system will improve the security and enhance the feasibility of the oil pipeline management. This essay analyzes rhetorical concepts the author used to convey his idea through navigation by organization and presentation, understanding through audience and research, and credibility through author. By analyzing this rhetorical concepts, the author will see whether these concepts where effective at conveying the purpose of the article.
The article’s organization is a rhetorical method for navigation that are effective at showing purpose. For organization the author follows a rough IMRAD format, excluding methods and results. Each paragraph has a heading that is numbered;
…show more content…
giving the article a scientific format. To guide his audience, the author includes a statement about the organization: “This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses SOA-based software architecture for oil pipeline SCADA, Section 3 discusses feasibility analysis of the SOA- based system, Section 4 presents our observations on the SOA-based system, and Section 5 presents our conclusions and possible directions for further research” (Subramanian, 2008, p. 3). This is an effective rhetorical method by acting as a guide and providing the ability to refer back to paragraphs. The presentation of the article is a second rhetorical method that assists as a method for navigation.
The verbal style is directed towards readers knowledgeable on the author’s subject, but is simple, indicating that the audience could extends towards readers who are unfamiliar with the subject. The author adopts an informal tone, writing in first person: “We also need to validate the dynamic reconfiguration etc…” (Subramanian, 2008, p. 8). This is an effective strategy, as the author presents himself as a helpful part of the group, creating a friendly environment. To aide with presentation, Subramanian includes detailed graphics to help express his idea. For example, on page four, there is a graphic depicting the “system architecture of an oil pipeline SCADA that is using the SOA system that the author proposes” (Subramanian 2008, p.4). The graphics increase the effectiveness of the article as is visually explains details the audience may not understand through
text. Subramanian’s choice of audience is a rhetorical method that helps his audience understand the article. The article’s targeted audience is engineers and computer scientists working in the oil industry. This is apparent when the author states: “the following main techniques have been suggested to improve oil pipeline security” (Subramanian, 2008 p. 3), indicating the type of audience that would understand the techniques. The language and style of the article appeal to parties interested computer systems or oil pipelines; this is effective at assisting the author further his purpose. The author uses various research methods as a strategy of understanding. The types of research the author uses ranges from historical work to quantitative data. There are references to studies conducted on Subramanian’s subject. For example, on page eight, the author says that, “several techniques have been proposed” (Subramanian, 2008, p.8). This shows the audience that there were previous studies on this subject. To further understanding, the author includes numerical data in the form of calculations of communication requirements. The author shows the audience that he has spent time conducting calculations to help the readers understand his concept: “Total data communication requirement = 2 x 6[1 + 2 + 3 + ... etc” (Subramanian, 2008, p.5). These two types of research provide the audience with a broader spectrum of information, which is an effective way to further inform the reader. The author’s credibility is a rhetorical concept that hinders the effectiveness of his article. The content of the article shows the readers that Subramanian is knowledgeable on his topic. There is an acknowledgement in the article to the peers who had reviewed the article, showing the audience that the author had his research reviewed before publication. Despite the peer review, the author curtails the credibility of his work by using biased sources as means of research: “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transport (accessed on July 5, 2008)” (Subramanian, 2008, p. 10). The research of the article can be affected by the use of biased sources. This is an ineffective method to establish credibility because the use of biased sources show that the research may not be legitimate. The article establishes its persuasiveness with subtle rhetorical concepts, but is unable to support its own research. The readers are able to understand with the article because of the friendly presentation and the guided organization. The audience is properly directed while the research is thorough. The credibility insufficient, as there the author gives little information of his knowledge and the application of biased sources decreases the credibility of the research. In conclusion, the article is effective at communicating the idea, but is ineffective at establishing credibility. These concepts make the article unable to fully convey its purpose.
John McPhee used similes throughout his essay “Under the Snow”. One of his similes was him describing how a researcher put the bear in a doughnut shape. It was to explain to the audience that the bear was wrapped around with room between her legs for the bear cubs to lay when they are in hibernation. He describes the movement of the bears and the bear cubs like clowns coming out of a compact car. The similes help the audience see how the moved and how they were placed after the researcher moved them.
In the book Into the Wild, Jon Krakauer wrote about Christopher McCandless, a nature lover in search for independence, in a mysterious and hopeful experience. Even though Krakauer tells us McCandless was going to die from the beginning, he still gave him a chance for survival. As a reader I wanted McCandless to survive. In Into the Wild, Krakauer gave McCandless a unique perspective. He was a smart and unique person that wanted to be completely free from society. Krakauer included comments from people that said McCandless was crazy, and his death was his own mistake. However, Krakauer is able to make him seem like a brave person. The connections between other hikers and himself helped in the explanation of McCandless’s rational actions. Krakauer is able to make McCandless look like a normal person, but unique from this generation. In order for Krakauer to make Christopher McCandless not look like a crazy person, but a special person, I will analyze the persuading style that Krakauer used in Into the Wild that made us believe McCandless was a regular young adult.
The Letter from Birmingham Jail was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in April of 1963. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of several civil rights activists who were arrested in Birmingham Alabama, after protesting against racial injustices in Alabama. Dr. King wrote this letter in response to a statement titled A Call for Unity, which was published on Good Friday by eight of his fellow clergymen from Alabama. Dr. King uses his letter to eloquently refute the article. In the letter dr. king uses many vivid logos, ethos, and pathos to get his point across. Dr. King writes things in his letter that if any other person even dared to write the people would consider them crazy.
Anticipation is prevalent throughout The Road, which is set by the narrative pace, creating a tense and suspenseful feeling and tone.
Bill McKibben's "The Environmental Issue from Hell" argues that climate change is a real and dire concern for humanity. His essay deals with the methods and persuasive arguments needed to spur American citizens and the government on to change to more eco-friendly choices. The arguments he proposes are based largely upon emotional appeals calling for empathy and shame, and examples of what in our daily lives is adding to the changes we're seeing in the climate.
Pollan’s article provides a solid base to the conversation, defining what to do in order to eat healthy. Holding this concept of eating healthy, Joe Pinsker in “Why So Many Rich Kids Come to Enjoy the Taste of Healthier Foods” enters into the conversation and questions the connection of difference in families’ income and how healthy children eat (129-132). He argues that how much families earn largely affect how healthy children eat — income is one of the most important factors preventing people from eating healthy (129-132). In his article, Pinsker utilizes a study done by Caitlin Daniel to illustrate that level of income does affect children’s diet (130). In Daniel’s research, among 75 Boston-area parents, those rich families value children’s healthy diet more than food wasted when children refused to accept those healthier but
Analyzing the codes used in the University of Arizonas Natural Science On-line Class Attendance Policy, a genre emerges disparaging the traditional view that knowledge is sharpened through the exchange of ideas. To make the class more appealing to non-traditional students the University has designed an attendance policy which does not eliminate traditional forms of interaction, but instead devalues them subversively thus discounting their necessity. Connotations within the policy divert the unsuspecting student into a particular learning mode. This mode, unappreciative of the insights a typical class would normally culture, does not encourage the student to be "present" mentally, an imperative aspect of becoming educated in a cyber class. Therefore by establishing the existence of these de-prioritizing codes, and the extent to which they must inevitably shape the interpretation of the text, we can clarify the level of interaction the policy genuinely intends. We see then the probability of students relating to the individualistic tone of the policy and discounting the requirements to attend to and with others.
In a quote by John Mill, “Does fining a criminal show want of respect for property, or imprisoning him, for personal freedom? Just as unreasonable is it to think that to take the life of a man who has taken that of another is to show want of regard for human life. We show, on the contrary, most emphatically our regard for it, by the adoption of a rule that he who violates that right in another forfeits it for himself, and that while no other crime that he can commit deprives him of his right to live, this shall.” Everyone’s life is precious, but at what price? Is it okay to let a murderer to do as they please? Reader, please take a moment and reflect on this issue. The issue will always be a conflict of beliefs and moral standards. The topic
In a persuasive essay, rhetorical appeals are a very important tool to influence the audience toward the author’s perspective. The three rhetorical appeals, which were first developed by Aristotle, are pathos, logos, and ethos. Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience, logos appeals to the facts or evidence and ethos exhibits the credibility of the writer.
The movie trailer “Rio 2”, shows a great deal of pathos, ethos, and logos. These rhetorical appeals are hidden throughout the movie trailer; however, they can be recognized if paying attention to the details and montage of the video. I am attracted to this type of movies due to the positive life messages and the innocent, but funny personifications from the characters; therefore, the following rhetorical analysis will give a brief explanation of the scenes, point out the characteristics of persuasive appeals and how people can be easily persuaded by using this technique, and my own interpretation of the message presented in the trailer.
"most students are already rhetorically savvy but unaware of their critical processes..." Author Jane Fife puts the three rhetorical analysis pieces to work, ethos pathos and logos, in an attempt to teach rhetorical analysis in a classroom. Fife uses a collaboration of all three types of rhetorical analysis. While the author does make good use of the first two pieces of rhetorical analysis, Pathos, and Logos, Fife strays away from the use of Ethos in her article. Fife applies the rhetorical appeals of Pathos and Logos to teach rhetoric to her class and the reader. However, her use of examples in a classroom backed up with little evidence to prove her authority surrounding the subject causes her readers to doubt her claim that Facebook and
Abstract is a condensed version of the full report; this was well formulated by using headings instead of single paragraph style, thus looked uncluttered (Macnee, 2004). The purpose had c...
Artificial intelligence should not be continued. Artificial intelligence has many benefits to your society, humans and AI will eventually begin to replace people’s jobs, they have no emotions, and they will outsmart humans so we will not be able to control them.
Jonathan Kozol revealed the early period’s situation of education in American schools in his article Savage Inequalities. It seems like during that period, the inequality existed everywhere and no one had the ability to change it; however, Kozol tried his best to turn around this situation and keep track of all he saw. In the article, he used rhetorical strategies effectively to describe what he saw in that situation, such as pathos, logos and ethos.
5. Explain the “four categories” method of organizing your work. Give an example of your own (not from the text) for each category.