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Ethical Treatment of Prisoners
Assess the relationship between media and crime
Assess the relationship between media and crime
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Recommended: Ethical Treatment of Prisoners
There are two predominant perspectives when talking about the rights and freedoms of the individual – the offender and the community – resulting in two different views in how exactly justice is achieved. There are many rights and freedoms that are entitled to both members, however, in a community specifically, the offenders rights and freedoms can be questioned dramatically as conflict of community interest. Societal elements like the media has a huge influence on community opinion and this is one of the main reasons of tension. “When the media report on high-profile court cases over issues like domestic violence, the public is often unsatisfied with the sentences handed down.” stated ABC News on how ‘Media distorts our perceptions of sentencing’. Using protective custody as an example of an individual’s (being the offender’s) rights and freedoms, it provides to offenders who are vulnerable to attack from …show more content…
Correctional Authorities have a duty of care and safety for offenders in their custody, which includes protecting offenders from the risk of physical violence from other offenders. This legal right of the offender is not always enforced in the post-sentencing sense as seen in the case of R v Hughes (2015), the case of child-sex offender and former star of TV series ‘Hey Dad!’ who was informed to be highly mistreated in protective custody which directly goes against the sentence he was placed under in the Crimes (Administration of Sentences) Act 1999 No 93 which is effective in “protecting inmates form personal harm”. The number of charges for these types of offences had reached from 354 to 456 charges and increased 28.8% in 5 years. Later the R v Hughes case was appealed because of his mistreatment and believed he did not receive a fair trial due to the “poisonous vilification” by people on social media. The appeal
Focuses on harms and consequent needs (the victims’, as well as the communities’ and the offenders’).
"Prison Legal News - Legal articles, cases and court decisions." Prison Legal News - Legal articles, cases and court decisions. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 May 2014. .
Criminal law attempts to balance the rights of individuals to freedom from interference with person or property, and society’s need for order. Procedural matters, the rights of citizens and powers of the state, specific offences and defences, and punishment and compensation are some of the ways society and the criminal justice system interact.
A state that undertakes custody of a child is declaring that it can do a better job providing protection. This system is a powerful agent of support, providing positive nurturing environments that enable a child to reach his or her potential. Nonetheless, when children suffer additional abuse in the system, this government intervention should be questioned.
The governance of our present day public and social order co-exist within the present day individual. Attempts to recognize the essentiality of equality in hopes of achieving an imaginable notion of structure and order, has led evidence based practitioners such as Herbert Packer to approach crime and the criminal justice system through due process and crime control. A system where packer believed in which ones rights are not to be infringed defrauded or abused was to be considered to be the ideal for procedural fairness. “I would rather be exposed to the inconveniences attending too much liberty than to those attending too small a degree of it.” Thomas Jefferson pg 9 cjt To convict an individual because proper consideration was not taken will stir up social unrest rather then it’s initial intent, when he or she who has committed the crime is not punished for their doings can cause for a repetition and even collaboration with other’s for a similar or greater crime.
In a modern Western society where there is significant amount of research done of rehabilitation and criminal justice reform, the practice of sentencing JLWOP (Juvenile Life Without Parole) seems outdated and primitive. There are a number of prominent human rights groups that advocate for the banning of the LWOP sentence for juvenile offenders. In his 2010 article for the Journal of Offender Rehabilitation titled ‘Extinguishing All Hope: Life-Without-Parole for Juveniles,’ Frank Butler breaks down the ethical arguments against the sentence from a social policy perspective. He uses a number of pertinent facts and dates to support and enhance his argument, but retains a clear and concise presentation style, making the document easy to read and comprehend on an analytical level. It is clear from his title that it is not an objective piece, but his opinion is supporte...
This essay has identified sanctions imposed on offenders including imprisonment and community corrections. Described how punishment is justified with the just desert and deterrence theory. Discussing the rate of individuals being imprison comparted to community, provided rates for assault which shows crime being maintained and community member feel safe enough to allow for this to
The basis of criminal justice in the United States is one founded on both the rights of the individual and the democratic order of the people. Evinced through the myriad forms whereby liberty and equity marry into the mores of society to form the ethos of a people. However, these two systems of justice are rife with conflicts too. With the challenges of determining prevailing worth in public order and individual rights coming down to the best service of justice for society. Bearing a perpetual eye to their manifestations by the truth of how "the trade-off between freedom and security, so often proposed so seductively, very often leads to the loss of both" (Hitchens, 2003, para. 5).
Prisoners placed in this category are considered likely to attempt to abscond from prison and believed to be at the highest risk to public safety amongst all categories. With this in mind, the highest of possible security measures are in place in order to reduce the possibility of a prisoner trying to escape (Offenders’ Families Helpline, no date).
...ystem and are seen as a credible sentencing option because of the restorative and rehabilitative effect it has on offenders by allowing them the opportunity to give something back to the community and providing them with education and work experience. There is a lack of evidence to suggest that rehabilitation is neither an effective or non-effective sanction. The use of probation as a stand-alone sanction has decreased over the years with probation now being combined with more severe sentences. When combined with rehabilitative programs probation reduced crime outcomes by 16.7%. The common perception of the general public is that increasing the severity of sentencing will reduce crime, however empirical evidence suggest that this is not the appropriate response. Public dissatisfaction with sentencing in Tasmania is often due to a lack of knowledge and understanding.
...rounding individual offender needs and courtroom management and organizational concerns. Although courtroom actor reliance on different focal concerns is theorized to be uniform across jurisdictions, the relative emphasis and subjective interpretation of these considerations is likely to vary across court communities (Ulmer and Johnson, 2004). This is because "the meaning, relative emphasis and priority, and situational interpretations of them is embedded in local court community culture, organizational contexts, and politics" that vary across courts (Kramer and Ulmer, 2002: 903). From this perspective, judicial departures can be understood as the result of the complex interplay between formally rational guideline recommendations and substantively rational sentencing concerns, based on varying interpretations of different focal concerns across courtroom communities.
UK: Willan Publishing Co., Ltd. Verkaik, R. (2006) The Big Question: What are the alternatives to prison, and do they work? The Independent [online] 10 October. Available from: Johnstone, G. and Ness, D. (2007) Handbook of Restorative Justice.
Offenders are protected today by both the rule of law, ensuring that all offenders are treated equally, regardless of their age, sex or position in the community, and due process, which ensures that all offenders are given a fair trial with the opportunity to defend themselves and be heard (Williams, 2012). Beccaria’s emphasis on punishment being humane and non-violent has also carried through to modern day corrections. It is still the case today that offenders must only receive punishment that is proportionate to the crime they have committed and the punishment is determined by the law. The power of the judges and the magistrates to make decisions on punishment is guided by the legislation and they do not have the power to change the law (Ferrajoli,
A ‘dangerous offender’ is a complicated term to define. Many people have their own opinions to what they classify as dangerous; even within the criminal justice system there is not just one definition that constitutes dangerousness (Nash 2006). Dangerous offenders were defined by the Butler Committee (1975) as those likely to inflict serious physical harm or psychological harm on others. During the 1980’s/90’s there was an increased use of the concept of dangerousness within penal policy, therefore, it became more important to distinguish the difference between offenders and those seen as dangerous offenders (Kemshall 2001). In 1980 dangerousness was defined as a pathological characteristic; a tendency to inflict harm on others (Floud and Young 1981).
There are many types of criminal justice used in the world. Each and every country uses different ones to maintain civilization while striving to create peace and balance within their society. The justice system is also used to create a social code of conduct in society and jurisdiction. Every country’s justice system attempts to achieve well-preserved system through punishment and deterrence by creating a notion that forces individuals to abide the law of their country. Nations used several distinctive methods of punishments to individuals that go against the social norms. Prison is a popular approach used to keep offenders to protect them from society. Sykes (1958), Goffman (1961) and Okunola (1986) state that prison is recognised as a