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Compare and contrast of the iliad and the odyssey
The Odyssey literary criticism
Symbolism in the odyssey
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The Greek mythology is – and always was – a synonym for incredibly silly gossip. Here is such a pathetic effort from the bottom drawer of the storage cabinet that houses antique junk. As a special annoyance to us archers, bow and arrow have been misused in the plot for a silly trick shot, as we learn from that insane story. The myth called ‘Odyssey’ is the second epic besides the ‘Iliad’ that is attributed to the poet Homer. Written down in the late 8th century, the Odyssey belongs to the oldest and most influential works of the cultural heritage of literature in the Occident. This gives the part of bow and arrow, contained in this grotesque and shoddy tale, an elevated level of importance. Odysseus was ruling over Ithaca, an island in the Ionian Sea, which is part of the Mediterranean Sea. He was married to Penelope and they had a son named Telemachus. The long lasting war against Troy kept him away from home, wife and child, for many years. The Greeks were not able to reach inside the town of Troy, yet they finally succeeded through cunning and trickery. Some of their soldiers cramped themselves in a wooden horse, which was constructed in just three days with the help of the goddess Athena. They placed the oversized nag before the city gate and feigned their withdrawal. The Trojans thought that it was a farewell gift from the Greeks to their god Poseidon, who had supported them in the battle. The Troy soldiers neglected the warning calls of Cassandra and pulled the horse into the town, perhaps with the intention to insult Poseidon, who was not very well respected in Troy. At night, the hidden soldiers crept from the horse, opened the town gates and the Greek troops stormed in. Odysseus thought that this was his own bril... ... middle of paper ... ...h endless repetitions, even when participating in a nymph’s favorite pastime, and Odysseus left. According to Homer, this wild lifestyle remained childless. After the time of Homer, this was somewhat corrected and children were added, resulting from this seven-year-long party in the cave. Apollodorus, one of the archetypes of a rainbow press journalist, had named Latinus as a son of Odysseus and Calypso and totally ignored that he was already the son of Kirke. Hesiod, another one who prefers gossip over facts, is blustering about two sons, Nausithoos and Nausinoos. This was probably the version that came to the ears of Penelope. In summary: This is one of the stories, constructed in a totally confused fashion, as we know them in great numbers from the Greek mythology; an antique myth-hoax, including the famous (and impossible) arrow shot contained therein.
One other time that shows how clever and sneaky Odysseus is when he was trying to get into the city of Troy to sack it:
Telemachus has many experiences on his journey to manhood. In Ithaca while Odysseus is gone Penelope is being plagued with suitors asking for her hand in marriage. Telemachus sees what a nuisance they are to his mother, and how much they are taking from his father’s palace. He wants to put a stop to this and comes to the conclusion that he must find his father, or at least some information
...ocial structure of a defunct culture that was just as complex, if not more complex, than our own. It defined and sustained Greek society for hundreds of years; much like the Bible once did in Christian nations. Yet, despite its archaic nature, The Odyssey remains fresh two and a half millennia after its conception. Homer's world has woven the fantastic together with the ordinary in such a way that it will never fall apart. In a significant sense, The Odyssey is immortal.
On the Cyclops’s island Odysseus and his men are trapped and eaten as food by a giant with only one eye. Odysseus commands his men to take an olive tree and carve a large stake from it. Then Odysseus gives the Cyclops all of their wine in order to get him drunk. After the Cyclops falls asleep they stab the steak into his one large eye, thus blinding him. Now with the Cyclops blind Odysseus and his men cling to the bottom of sheep to avoid the Cyclops and escape. Even though the cyclops checks everything leaving his cave he doesn’t find the men holding to the bottom of the sheep.
When Odysseus and his men realized they were trapped inside the cave, Odysseus was smart enough to realize that they would be trapped forever by the Cyclops boulder if they killed him. Not only is Odysseus smart enough to create a plan of escape by getting the Cyclops drunk but also stays calm and collected to trick the Cyclops into drinking the wine without arousing suspicion. As a result, they stab the Cyclops, blinding him. To hide his identity as king of Ithaca and to trick the neighboring Cyclops he gives a false name by saying, “My name is Nohbody: mother, father, and friends, / everyone calls...
Odysseus, meanwhile, was shipwrecked on his journey home from Troy. He is trapped on the island of the beautiful goddess Calypso. ...
In book eight of Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus is on the island of the Phaeacians and is waiting to return home to Ithaca. Meanwhile, Alcinous, the Phaeacian king, has arranged for a feast and celebration of games in honor of Odysseus, who has not yet revealed his true identity. During the feast, a blind bard named Demodocus sings about the quarrel between Odysseus and Achilles at Troy. The song causes Odysseus to start weeping, so Alcinous ends the feast and orders the games to begin. During dinner after the games, Odysseus asks Demodocus to sing about the Trojan horse and the sack of Troy. This song too causes Odysseus to break down and cry. Homer uses a dramatic simile to describe the pain and sorrow that Odysseus feels as he recalls the story of Troy.
The Odyssey is filled with emotion and adventure. Homer’s ability to show and give the reader a visual of each and every scene gives the story its unbelievable significance. To all the people who read his work there is something to be captured within every sentence, each one different in its own, unique way. Through tales of courage and defeat, friendship and love this book tells of all the values within the life of a single, solitary man, and his journey to attain what is true and dear to him. And this journey is known to all of us as The Odyssey. The Odyssey is a test of human devotion and trust through the gods, the mortals, and the obstacles through which they venture. No matter where they go or what they do, humans are tested for certain characteristics everyday of their lives, whether they realize it or not; and The Odyssey is just one of those many miraculous tests.
Hu•bris /ˈ(h)yo͞obris/ noun: excessive pride or self-confidence. Hubris is believed to be the most serious of all seven deadly sins. Some say it was the original sin that led to all others. A word with such loathsome synonyms like arrogance, conceit, haughtiness, pomposity, and egotism was seen as one of the worst possible sins in Greek culture. They believed that no matter your social status those who exhibited it were destined to fall down into damnation. Yet some Grecian heroes seemed to ooze hubris in the form of confidence or cockiness. There was a fine line between the two that they should never cross. One hero in particular showed this sin on more than one account. Throughout The Odyssey, Odysseus, shows the sinful trait of hubris, in the form of cockiness when he talks to Polythemus, his crewmen, his wife, and his son.
The relationship between Odysseus and his wife Penelope is one of loyalty, love, and faith. Both characters are driven by these characteristics. Odysseus displays his loyalty in his constant battle to get home to his wife. This love helps him persevere through the many hardships that he encounters on his journey home. Odysseus spent 20 years trying to return to his home in Ithaca after the end of the Trojan War. Along the way he manages to offend both gods and mortals, but through his intelligence, and the guidance of Athena, he manages to finally return home. There he discovers that his home has been overrun by suitors attempting to win Penelope’s hand in marriage. The suitors believed that Odysseus was dead. Odysseus and his son, Telemachus,
Odysseus’ son; Penelope, Odysseus’ wife; and the suitors, prominent young men of Ithaca who attempt to marry Penelope. Telemakhos is the first of these characters to be introduced. In lines 1-14 of book II he is introduced as a prominent young man as he enters the assembly “spear in hand, with two quick hounds at heel; Athena lavished on him a sunlit grace that held the eye of the multitude. Old men made way for him as he took his father’s chair.” Despite Telemakhos’ prominent figure in the opening lines of this book, it soon becomes obvious that he is not an extremely powerful figure. Telemakhos intends to expel the suitors from his home but he is not strong enough to fight them. It is important that the reader meets Telemakhos in the beginning because he is the main character in the Ithaca plot and also he must overcome obstacles at home foreshadowing the obstacles his father faces later in the epic.
A hero isn’t shaped by his strengths but by the values he possesses. Homer’s epic, The Odyssey, reveals the moral and ethical constitution of the ancient Greeks. Over time, certain cultures have grown to value a number of human characteristics. Those who acquire such values become respected heroes. After the fall of Troy, the protagonist of the epic, Odysseus, set sail for his home, Ithaca, where his faithful wife and son were waiting for him. Over the course of his journey, Odysseus faced some of the most ferocious opponents known to the Greeks. Even through this formidable journey, Odysseus and his family have stayed true to the diverse aspects of the ancient Greeks. The Odyssey exemplifies the human ideals of hospitality, loyalty and perseverance.
The Odyssey states,”My men were mutinous...so doom appeared to us. Six benches were left empty on every ship.”(563). Odysseus’ men did not listen to him, and as a result many good men died. If they had all listened to him, they would have survived the experience. In The Odyssey, the prophet Tiresias says,”...all of this shall be just as I foretold.”(579). This prophet gave Odysseus warnings because he knew what would happen if Odysseus and his men did not follow his instructions. He also knew Odysseus’ men would disobey him, and he made this known to Odysseus. Also in the Odyssey, Odysseus says,”I told them nothing because they could do nothing.”(584). Odysseus knew he was sending some of his men to die, but he also knew that if he told his men this, nobody would ever get home. The men would panic and not be able to proceed. He knew that he had to choose the lesser of two evils, even if it meant death for some of the men. Odysseus was their authority, and he knew better than his
The Odyssey is set in a time ten years since the fall of Troy in the kingdom of Ithaca, a dark time where the missing hero Odysseus is still nowhere to be seen. Told in the perspective of his beloved son, the plot outlines the search for Odysseus. Telemachus, the son, finds himself faced with numerous hardships, and mischievous plots throughout his adventure. Starting with the suitors of his mother, Penelope; and the acquaintance with Athena, Telemachus is whisked through divine rule, divine kindness and trickery of devil’s pride.
There is a copious amount of major characters in the story. Some of them include Odysseus, the main character, who is a soldier and returns home after a twenty-year absence. Some of his family includes Laertes, his father, Penelope, his wife, and Telemachus, his son. There are many gods that Odysseus must battle on his journey home, including Zeus, who is said to be father of all gods, and Poseidon, the god of the ocean who punishes Odysseus and his crew by giving them a very difficult trip home after they blind his son, Polyphemus, or the Cyclops by blinding him after stabbing him in the eye. Another major character is Calypso, a sea goddess who is in love with Odysseus.