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Social effects of globalization in developing countries
Diversity and Demographics in the Workforce
Racial inequalities for women in the workplace
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In the Brazilian labor force, racial and gender disparities are evident. These disparities have to be addressed as the country rapidly develops as it has wide-reaching influences on many aspects of society, ranging from the individual’s occupational status and income to social mobility and perception. 1. Income disparity -In Brazil, black and brown men earn only 40-50% of the income of white men. In the US, black and brown men earn 75% of the income of white men -Whites in Brazil are 5 times more likely to be in top income bracket as compared to the blacks and the brown people VS whites in the US are only 2 times more likely to be in top income structure are compared to a black or brown person -average monthly income of white men was at the top of the scale while non white women was at the bottom of the scale. 2. Occupational status -In Brazil, whites are more than 3 times as likely as non whites to be in high profession jobs -In Brazil, approximately only 2% of roughly 1,060 diplomats, one of more than 100 generals and eight of 600 federal buplic prosecution are black or brown. -A 2003 survey of Brazil’s 500 largest businesses found only 1.8% of managers were black 3. Social mobility -In Brazil, mid profession jobs are 2X – 3X more likely to be held by white males than non-white males of the same social class -In Brazil, 12% of white sons are more likely to hold higher profession jobs than their fathers (if both white and non white fathers hold the same job) as compared to non white sons. -70% of non white daughters of unskilled urban workers remained at the same occupational level as compared to white daughters whose figure is only 40% 4. Social mobility -In all five metropolitan regions in 2003, unemployment rate was highest... ... middle of paper ... ...table by-product of globalization and man’s greedy nature. However, appropriate measures by the government to increase the accessibility of quality education to the blacks and the indigenous people will help significantly in addressing this issue. Indeed, the problem of unequal educational opportunities for all has caught the Brazilian government’s attention in recent years. In 2012, a bill targeting racial and income inequality was passed, reserving half of the places in Brazil’s prestigious federal universities for state school students. Additionally, it implemented a 12.5% quota of university places to be reserved for black and indigenous people seeking higher education. This is a step in the right direction to reducing inequality, not just in terms of educational and occupational opportunities but also in terms of social standing and quality of life. 4964322721
The purpose of this paper is to recognize, study and analyze the race relations in Brazil. Race relations are relations between two groups of different races; it is how these two different races connect to each other in their environment. Since Brazil is racially diverse, this study is focused on how Brazilians relate to each other. Throughout the essay, it will become clear that there exists a conflict between two race groups. Afro-Brazilians and White-Brazilians are not connected and though these two groups converse with each other, discrimination still lies within the society. This discrimination has created inequality within the society for Afro-Brazilians. Thus, this paper will not only focus on racism and discrimination that Afro-Brazilians experience because of White-Brazilian, but also on the history of Brazil, the types if discrimination that Afro-Brazilian must endure today and how the media creates discrimination.
It is nearly twice as high as white American women. Even well-educated black women have more birth outcomes worse than white women who haven’t even finished high school.
from U.S. high schools in 2008, compared to 78% of White male students” (Kafele, B. (2012). Not only were...
Social scientists have amassed a significant amount of evidence that demonstrates how white people, strictly because of their whiteness, reap considerable advantages when buying and selling a house, choosing a neighborhood in which to live, getting a job and moving up the corp...
Institutions in the businesses sector are swarming in racial discrimination, much of which is covert and difficult to detect and prove. Racial discrimination excludes, marginalizes and exploits those citizens who are discriminated against, ceasing any opportunity for economic progress and development. Under certain regulations some businesses are required to diversify their workplace by hiring certain amounts of people of color, but in reality these small quotas do not do much for the overall condition of the people who are being discriminated against. Businesses that fail to take action on racial discrimination tend to have lower levels of productivity. This stems from employees not being interested in working hard, or because people with exceptional talents and skills choose to shy away from certain places of employment due to the fear of racial discrimination. Employees who feel wronged also tend to switch jobs, forcing the organization to spend more time and resources on hiring and training new employees, besides coping with the low productivity of a new employee. (Nayab)The effects of racial discrimination in the American work force could be identified with funded research on the topic. With ample data employers will be able to better understand the negative affects that racial discrimination have
The reality of wage differences between men and women is that above all changes women continue to earn less than men. Countless arguments have promoted that wage inequality has changed and that everyone finally receives an equal amount of pay. “For women of color, the gap is largest of all: In 2006, black and Hispanic women earned 86 and 87 cents on the white man’s dollar, respectively,” (Mcswane 2). If a woman is lucky enough she will get an equal pay compared to a man doing the same job. But it is challenging for a woman of a minority background to achieve this. Not only are women paid less because of their sex, but also because of their race. There seems to be a mentality that because someone is a woman and a minority that they cannot do the same job as men or that women do not have the same education as the men, so employers do not have to pay them the same. “When the numbers are broken down by district, they 're pretty hard to ignore. Women in Texas are being utterly screwed financially, according to the data compiled by AAWU, with women earning anywhere from 66 percent of what men do in some districts, to the top end of things, which is about 89 percent,” (Leicht 4). The proof cannot be ignored. It i...
Due to its history Brazil is a multicultural country (intercultural disparity index of 143 = very high, based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions). Especially in the 19th and 20th centuries it attracted over 5 million European (mainly German, Poles, Italy, Portugal and Spain) and Japanese immigrants that today shape the culture of Brazil. Moreover, Brazil has a large black population, descended from African salves brought to the country in the 16th until the 19th century, mainly from Angora, Nigeria and Togo. Today the Japanese are the largest Asian minority in Brazil, and Japanese-Brazilians are the largest Japanese-population outside of Japan, accounting for appr. 1.5 million. The entire population speaks Portuguese while it is the only language used in schools. A moderate part of the Brazilians can speak English (mostly higher educated or people in high job positions) or any other second or third language. Some Brazilians may actually they take offence when talking to them in Spanish since they do not consider themselves as Hispanics. If foreigners try to learn Portuguese, it is often considered as a sign of sincere interest in the country's culture and therefore highly appreciated.
Brazil is a vast country in South America that has experienced extreme wealth and income disparities since its independence in 1822. The uneven income distribution, combined with several other factors, is what accounts for millions of civilians living in impoverished conditions. The Northeast is the country’s most afflicted region, with an estimated 58% of the population living in poverty and earing less than $2 a day. The systemic inequality as well as lack of development and modernization has generated chronic poverty that has had detrimental effects on society in northeast and ultimately weakens Brazil.
Along with the high employment rate of Blacks, "...today more than 30 percent Black men and nearly 60 percent of Black women hold white-collar jobs" (Thernstrom, 1998). Research that was done by Djamba (Sociologist at Auburn University) and Kimuna (East Carolina University) reflects upon the employment of Blacks. Both Sociologists based their studies around male Black African immigrants and male White African immigrants between the years of 1980 and 2008. During the year of 1980 the male White African immigrants were receiving higher employment than the Blacks; conversely, during the year of 2007, the male Black Africans took the higher employment. Economic growth in America led to many immigrants residing in America, as the male African immigrants appear to be the most to migrate therefore gaining more access to the U.S. labor market. Additionally, the claims presented not only represent the standing in which the Blacks hold when employment becomes a factor but proving a portion of race relations are
Over the years, research shows that lighter African American have had a higher level of attainment, shaping there social and economic stratification. Many blacks of lighter skin tone have had an advantage...
This is evident through the systematic racism that is enabled against black Brazilians. In the film, Gates Jr discusses the establishment of the quota system in Brazilian universities. He states that some schools have created quota systems to promote the entry of lower income and black citizens into higher education, with some schools having up to 40% of their seats open for the quota (ibid). The fact that the government has to create opportunities and quotas to include people of color demonstrates that equal opportunities are not open for everyone in society. In fact, it reinforces the notion of negative stereotypes towards people of color who may not have the financial or social means of attending these universities. Such quotas make it possible for them to enter higher education, as well as even out the racial playing field.
But progress has stalled in recent years” (Hill, 3). The equal pay gap percentage varies from study to study, ranging from as high as 79% to as low as 21%. But no matter the percentage, the gap is still there. Education is not a factor in the reasoning behind the pay gap, however it is not the solution either. In the modern workplace, men and women are salaried at different wages, even if both the man and the woman have the same educational background. Often times, even if the woman has more of an educational background than the man, the man is recompensed more. Although the woman has a bachelors degree, and the man only has a high school diploma. In some cases as well, the higher the education, and the higher the job, the wage gap is even larger the majority of the time. Even still, if a Hispanic women and black women have the
... of the most heavily relied on statistics for judging women and minorities’ growth in the labor market.
Brazil’s overall culture is one that celebrates dance, music, and diversity. The nation is notorious for being the mother of the Samba, a traditional dance that is often affiliated with all types of Brazilian music and celebration. The key aspect to Brazilian culture, at least at the level of the general population, lies in community and family ties. This is seen in particular in the lives of those living in the favellas, Brazil’s famous poorer areas often referred to as “slums” where large family households are cherished but also unavoidable due to economic circumstances. We learn from Britannica that “this traditional system of kinship ties depends on a certain degree of wealth and stability for its preservation, and it is no longer as strong as it once was, given the increased mobility and urbanization of the Brazilian people” (Momsen).
The changes of educational policies in Brazil can be examined by looking at the many different parties that have taken over Brazil throughout the years. During the time of the Old Republic, there was a strong relationship of clientelism and agrarian oligarchies. The result of this oligarchy created diverse educational policies that only benefited the elite. However, at the end of the Old Republic and beginning of the Vargas era, Vargas was mainly interested in industrialization and modernization, with education falling behind his true interests. After the end of the Vargas era and the beginning of the Fourth Republic, there was a strong increase of educational backwardness. Under the leadership of president Jucelino Kubitscheck, Brazil’s primary funding went towards energy, transportation, industry, and education, with education only receiving around 3% of total investments. Briefly in 1964, Brazil was apart of a military dictatorship. During this time, education was seen as an important part of the development program, however, there was no funding towards secondary education. This lack of funding contributed to the division among social classes. The lack of funding towards secondary education only affected those of lower income while the rich continued to progress in their education, receiving higher-paying jobs. It is evident that throughout the years the best interests of citizens of Brazil have not been taken to heart, with those in power taking advantage of average