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Concerning the art of persuasion
An essay on trust and trustworthiness
The act of persuasion
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Recommended: Concerning the art of persuasion
Observing Persuasion in the New Age
Thesis: The allure of the New Age can be attributed in part to an overall lack of understanding its nature; when its history is taken into consideration and its persuasive element is exposed, we see that, contrary to the assumption that the New Age is a freer alternative to mainstream religion, persuasion is a very present part of the New Age.
I. Preface
II. What is new about it?
A. The New Age is not new.
B. If there is anything really new about it, it is its acceptance in the West.
C. Its adaptation to the Western culture is also new.
III. Persuasive elements defined
A. Reactance
B. InGroup
C. Foot-in-the-door phenomena
D. Low-ball technique
E. Effects of the Communicator
1. Trustworthiness
2. Credibility
3. Speaking confidently
F. Range of acceptability
G. Fear of appearing foolish
H. Behaviour changing attitude
I. Internalization
IV. Persuasive elements observed
V. Conclusion
Preface
The automatic and first context of an assessment of the New Age, as a ministerial student, is religious. For the purpose of this paper, however, I shall endeavour to limit the assessment of the New Age to the primary context of social psychology.
As this paper is an exposition of the presence of persuasion in the New Age (contrary to its assumed freedom), it is also necessary, in the interest of fairness, to make some fundamental distinctions, with respect to the possibility of illusory correlations being formed from the conclusions of this paper:
1. if the New Age does indeed use elements of persuasion, it is not necessarily cult-like, any more than is the average Christian denomination, whether evangelical or mainstream. Persuasion is basically a human phenomena, and thus it inevitably appears — to some degree — wherever two or more people interact;
2. the visibly tragic results of some cults do not attend the average New Age participant. Persuasion is not about ends, its about means. Some use persuasion to a tragic end, some do not.
In addition to various real-life instances where these factors have be observed, I shall be drawing extensively from the particular case of Will Baron, who has become a key speaker on the dangers of the New Age. It is of value for its contextual, in-depth examination of the duration of his entire experience with the New Age, from the earliest stages of involvement, to his total commitment of life and means, to his ultimate rejection of the philosophy of the New Age, as he was taught to understand it.
Summary – It is quite difficult to avoid any persuasive acts while resisting them at the same time. Being prepared with knowledge of how easy it is to be manipulated, controlled, seduced, etc. allows us to open up to the use of rhetoric.
The emotional state of any given person’s mind can determine the way in which they think, act, behave, or respond to any certain event. When used correctly, persuasion is a deadly weapon at the tip of your tongue, and it certainly can, and will, help you obtain your desired outcome. So, if anyone may not know, what do you truthfully use to manipulate the thoughts of others? Well, whether you are aware or not, your strategies more than likely fall under ethos, pathos, or logos, that of which, I would like to uncover in the speech of Margaret Sanger.
The Second Great Awaking consisted of new applications of religion that deviated from rationalism, which sparked promotion of democracy and freedom. The message of salvation rather than condemnation was evident in this movement as spoken by Charles G. Finney. He sought to remove sin from reformed churches and organize sinners to unity and freedom (Doc B). This practice showed the crucial democrati...
Religion and opinions are both products of humans. Our intelligence gifts us with the freedom of thought and capability to apply it to our views on deep life questions. Intelligence provides us the right to believe in any sort of God, afterlife, or way of living. Brad Gregory describes the Protestant Reformation’s effects on the present society’s Christian qualities in a book he wrote titled “The Unintended Reformation.”1 (After my awareness of the outcome of the western history of the Protestant Reformation, I gained an opinion on today’s religious views that do not completely agree with Gregory’s valuation.) The Protestant Reformation was vital to the progress in the knowledge about the Christian faith.
Throughout its history, Europe went through several periods of dynamic change. From the 16th to the 17th century, however, these changes took a drastic shift in both religious as well as educational standards. As clearly seen through the writings of both Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis and Thomas More’s Utopia, these changes reflected a deeper movement in human culture. Referred to as the Christian Humanist movement (16th c) and the Scientific Revolution (17th c), Bacon and More capture the heart of the movement and portray it to their audiences in utopian societies. These works, then, demonstrate not only the authors’ attitudes towards the monumental changes of their time, but also the dramatic shift in ideology in approximately one hundred years.
Thesis Statement: These key events reforming religion are what shaped the world for good and for bad in the 14th to the 19th century.
The sociological studies on cults and those who join them have found “that many of the converts are young people, often without strong family ties, who are unsuccessful in dealing with life’s problems and are seeking instant solutions supplied by others” (U.S. News and World Report 23).
Every day we are victims to persuasion whether anyone can notice it or not. Logos, pathos and ethos are the types of persuasion. Logos persuades by reason, pathos by appealing to emotion and ethos by the credibility of the author. The characters in The Iliad employ the use of these techniques to sway another character into doing or feeling something else.
The growth of religious ideas is environed with such intrinsic difficulties that it may never receive a perfectly satisfactory exposition. Religion deals so largely with the imaginative and emotional nature, and consequently with such an certain elements of knowledge, the all primitive religions are grotesque to some extent unintelligible. (1877:5)
In conclusion, the entire aura of the Heaven’s Gate cult seems like something straight out of a late night TV movie. Like most millennialist groups, members held a firm belief in an oncoming apocalypse and that only an elect few would achieve salvation. The spread of their doctrine on the Internet brought about widespread concern over the power of the web. The argument has subsided, however, with the passage of time. I, for one, find the supposed link between the Internet and cult activities rather absurd. Extreme gullibility and brainwashing, I believe, would be the only ways a recruit would ever accept such an outlandish set of beliefs.
In order for cults to continue to exist they persuade people to join, at any cost. In trying to persuade people, leaders use both physically and emotionally techniques. Margaret Thaler Singer is a clinical psychologist and professor of the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. She has been a cult researcher and teacher for fifty years. According to Dr. Singer’s investigations, members of cults are often subjected to unhealthy persuasion techniques.
It is the 18th century and the Enlightenment, which is also known as the Age of Reason in Europe and America, and humankind faces an intellectual, philosophical and social movement that is focused on science and reason. Religion, politics and economics are changing focus. Wars are being fought within, as opposed to between countries. This time prior to the French Revolution finds monarchies being executed in France and England. The rising merchant class is demanding social and political power held previously by the nobility. There are major social changes, as inherited positions are less secure. People no longer believed that every event that occurred was a result of God’s intervention. There is a new way of thinking about religion, natural rights as well as natural laws. There is an attitude that God is the creator of a universe that functions without intervention. Deism believed in a hereafter, but also believed we should focus on this life’s achievements and joy, rather than look at a life in the hereafter. The concept of humanitarianism; helping those less fortunate, is a new concept during this time since prior to that the religious belief was that if someone experienced misfortune, it was God’s will and punishment. The Enlightenment focused on man, rather than God and the church. Where prior to the 1700s man lived in an agricultural society during the feudal period, the Enlightenment witnessed the development of a more cosmopolitan society, with people living in groups that were interdependent on each other. It opened the gateway to the Industrial Revolution. The Enlightenment inspired the world’s first democracy, in the United States of America. The new approach in reasoning and problem solving is what makes ...
In conclusion, cults draw members through exploitation of vulnerable people, the promise of prosperity and the comradeship and pseudo-purpose that the organization gives to its members. Even in cases where living conditions are horrible and suicide drills are a regular occurrence, people are willing to endure such hardships in order to reap these benefits that they could not otherwise find in society. These three draws, which appeal to basic human needs, also give reason to why the members of such cults can be enticed to commit such atrocities and find cults appealing.
In short, much like the Protestant Reformers who preceded and indirectly encouraged the devaluation of all external sources of authority that came later, Johnson engages in a swift, persuasive and admittedly unfair ad hatefully attack on the newly crowned "popes" and "priests" of the Enlightenment. The idea is that if moral and cultural existence can be rooted within the span of the faculties of the human spirit, rejecting for the most part the claims of revelatory guides, how has this panned out practically in the lives of those who lead the charge?
For any new group that is form, the question will be asked: Is it a cult or is it a religion? Both groups give members a certain measure of security and belonging. They both attract people with common interests. Yet the strength of their power over individuals is clearly what sets them apart. As said by sociologist Benjamin Zablocki, “People affiliate with religion, but people become addicted to cults” (Goode).