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Paul Baltes was a German born psychologist who challenged the traditional view of development, with his life span perspective of development theory. It states that no age cohort dominates development; rather, development occurs throughout all periods of life (Boyd, 2003). Growth and change are brought about through sociocultural and biological influences that occur out a person life span, these influence can be normative and non-normative (Dunn & Craig, 2013).
Normative age-graded influence is both social and biological change that occurs in a person’s life span (Dunn & Craig, 2013). Essential these changes occur at about the same age for each person with in a society. Some examples are puberty, menopause, marriage, retirement, entering college,
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My sister and I grew up in the same house, with the same parents and the same opportunity, however my life, experience and perspective are quite different than hers. She is a married, mother of 3 with a successful husband and a beautiful house, essential she lives the “American dream”. I, on the other hand, am a single mother of 2, with only failed relationship in my past, in recovery for both drug addict and bulimia and at the age of 43 just getting my life together. For the most part my sister and I being only 17 months apart had the same Normative age and history grade experience, we both grew up in the 70 and 80’s, when we were young in New York City, we both experience the major black out and snow storm, the crazy gas price situation causing lines down several city block, the strike of the public transportation system causing many including my father to ride a bike across the Queensboro bridge. Why the drastic differences between our adult lives, the unpredictable non-normative influences. The things that happened to us individually, my sister had a fairy tale upbringing, the favorite that was smart, pretty and just the right size. I was not the favorite; I was the problem child from the “get”, colicky as an infant and prone to wild tantrum, and huge growth spurts that would cause me to be clumsy and frequent ER visits, also experience some traumatic event, in my adolescence, mugging and
During late adulthood, which begins around 65, many changes will take place. Death, sickness, and aging are some of the things you go through. Everyone is affected at some point. Individuals deal with these changes differently. Gerontology is the science that deals with the aging process. Vision can show impairment as people age. One of the changes in vision is the loss of accommodation of the lens. Most people 65 and older have hardened eye lens and have lost elasticity if the lens. Cataracts can form and vision becomes cloudy and is significantly impaired. Glaucoma is a serious condition that causes pressure to increase within the eye and it can result in blindness. Often hearing decreases with age. The hair cells in the Corti (inner ear) can cause a decrease in hearing frequencies. The ossicles and eardrum have a decrease in the transmittance of mechanical sound waves. Due to aging many elderly people have hearing impairment. Loss of appetite from connective tissue cells replacing taste buds. Skin can become thin, dry, and inelastic as it ages and the skin can fold and wrinkle from sagging.
Atchley, R. C. (1997). Social forces and aging: An introduction to social gerontology (8th ed.).
Lifespan development means to age-related changes that occur from the day of birth, throughout a persons ' life, into and during old age. During this course I learn a lot of new concepts, the most interesting thing that I learn was the contributions that Piaget left in the field of lifespan and development. Piaget was a wonderful man that was born in 1896 in Switzerland. He was interested in the natural and biological world at a very young age. He studied at the University of Zurich he published two philosophical articles that he then later dismissed as adolescent confusion. Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development.
Hiller, S. M., & Barrow, G. M. (2011). Aging, the individual, and society. (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Lifespan development is discontinuous. It is a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times. Although there is evidence that indicates that both continuous and discontinuous contributes to lifespan development, I believe that most of life can be described as discontinuous. Psychoanalytic perspective states that people go through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations, how they resolve these conflicts determines the person’s ability to learn, get along with others and to cope with anxiety. This theory explains that during this period of the child’s life they will set the course for the rest of their life based on these conflicts
Lifespan development is essential, as it is the changes that happen to us throughout a person’s lifespan. Our development occurs at ages stages where we develop from infancy till death. This essay will contain my life story to display the domains in 5 age stages in my lifespan development. The domains I will be exploring is in this essay is physical, emotional, cognitive, social, cultural and moral domain. The influence of biological and environmental play a significant role in my development. Development is influenced by nature or nurture and its affect will occur throughout lifespan. The changes that occur during development have stage. Each theorists has stages of development where they display the changes. This essay will explore my development that will support theorist such as Erikson, Vygotsky, Berk, Piaget and other theorist. The age stages of prenatal will display physical and emotional domain, Infancy (0-2) will portray social and emotional domain, young children (2-6) will show cognitive and social domain, middle childhood (6-12) will display socio-cultural and moral domain and adolescence will portray nature vs. nurture and cultural domain. Development is crucial for a healthy wellbeing. As a physiotherapist it is significant to understand development in age stages, as it will aid knowing how young children will react compared to an adolescence who is more development mentally, emotionally, physically, socially and culturally.
Palmore, E. (2005). Three decades of research on ageism. Generations, 29(3), 87-90. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
My family solely consisted of my parents who both worked and my brother and I who were in the higher grades of our elementary school. However, on July 28, 2015, my baby sister was born, taking my daily life in a completely different turn. Earlier, my family and I had a tight schedule which included school, after school activities and homework in the evenings. However, after my sister was born, my family made a harder effort to spend quality time together and with my little sister since she required a lot of attention and care. My entire routine changed as well because playing with and babysitting my sister had become an important part of my day. Before her birth, our house was very quiet since my brother and I did not get along very well in order to spend time together and were busy in our own pastimes like video games or soccer. However, when my sister came along, my home became filled with her crying more than laughter, the games we play like peek a boo and the many nursery rhymes she listens to during the whole day. When my sister was not there, I had the freedom to do many more things such as going on picnics with my family, having peaceful car rides and not having to worry about taking care of her. Although, now the places I go with my family are limited as my sister does not enjoy car rides or visiting places which do not cater to her needs such as restaurants or parties with friends. Also, taking care of
Psychosocial development throughout the Life Cycle theory (sometimes known as individual development theory) proposes that each individual has the ability to master their environment at all stages of life (Coady & Lehman, 2008; Hutchison, 2008). The theory had its beginnings in Freud’s psychosexual stages of child development; however Erikson is responsible for laying the groundwork for the theory as it is known today, by proposing an epigenetic model of human development (Hutchison, 2008).
My mother was a very well-tempered woman, who kept to herself. Like Suzette, I didn’t know much about my mother’s background, or a lot of the pain and hardship she went through until I was older. This is when I realized why my mother conducted herself the way she did, because of all the pain she had built up inside of her from her past. For example; it was very hard to get my mother to talk during emotional situations, she was always quiet and would just mostly stare at you in silence. My mother was born in Philadelphia on October 3rd, 1966. Diane was the oldest of her four siblings, and if it’s as common as I think older siblings tend to have it harder than the others because they have to set examples, their looked up to as the protectors, and are just assigned a lot of responsibility at a young age.
Adults entering the midlife years (middle adulthood) are experiencing an overabundance of life changes. Hall, Hernandez, Wong, and Justice (2015) stated that, during middle adulthood important changes occur across the physical, cognitive, and social domains of development. There is a mounting amount of research on the changes that middle-aged adults experience. One of the most unexplored factor that middle-aged adults experience is Ageism. Ageism can be defined as the act of being prejudice or discriminative towards a specific age group. Although, Ageism can occur at any given place and in any age group. Research shows that it is more prevalent in older adults,
She stands a staggering 5 feet 2 inches tall, weighs a massive 95 pounds, and has short, brown hair and brown eyes. I see my older sister Leslie. Others see a model of perfection. Don't get me wrong, my sister and I are close and have been inseparable since birth. My mother has kept pictures of us ranging from the time we shared a playpen as babies to just recently at Leslie's graduation. For seventeen years, we've shared every life experience imaginable, and we've dealt with the trials and tribulations that come with growing up. But in September, she left home to attend the University of California at Irvine, leaving me to face life alone. However, it gave me the opportunity to live life by myself as Ryan, instead of Leslie's little brother.
All development is contextual meaning that development can occur in places like churches, communities, and businesses. Development can also occur within family members, group of friends or with just everyday people. Development can be influenced by three major factors: normative age-graded and normative history-graded influences and non-normative life events. These influences can have either a big or a small impact on both the individual and the individual’s environment.
Paul Baltes proposed the ideas of lifelong, multidirectional, multidimensional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual to describe the life span development. The amount of growth, experience, and influences that one can gain from social, emotional, behavioral, and biological factors truly shape development in many ways. These principles of life span help to introduce aspects of cognitive, behavioral, and socioemotional development and how it affects human beings every day.
For my reflection paper I chose to write about chapter 9 that talks about lifespan development. This chapter grabbed my attention and I found it most interesting. In the textbookit discusses how there are certain factors that uncontrollably make us who we are. Those factorsare "unique combination of genes you inherited from your biological mother and father. Another is the historical era during which you grew up. Your individual development has also been shaped by the cultural, social, and family contexts within which you were raised." (Pg.352) The patterns of our lives are because of developmental psychology. "Developmental psychology is a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency though the lifespan. Developmental