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Crime statistics analyzing
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New York City has become a much safer city. The city is filled with immigrants from a variety of countries. There is a spread of different languages, cultural food, entertainment, and neighborhoods. Walking through the streets in any of the five boroughs feel much safer than the 1990’s. The nineties had a lot of drugs, illegal weapons, prostitution on the streets. This made majority of people in the community afraid and an unsafe environment especially for children. In The City That Became Safe, Franklin Zimring analyzes that individual and aggregate crime rates can change without removing or incarcerating more offenders in New York City. From 1990-2009, New York City has seen a diminution in crime compared to other cities. Major changes in the police department led to decreasing crime rates. Some of these changes included the growth of police officers and police strategies. Zimring divides the book into three sections: Part one discusses the decline in crime from 1990-2009 and compares the current situations in New York City to other cities, Part two seeks for an explanation of the decline of crime in New York compared to other big cities after 1990, and lastly Part three discusses the implications of New York’s experience on the nature of crime Their findings included the declining rates of crime through New York compared to other cities in America. These crimes that had a major decline from 1990-2009 were aggravated assault, assault, auto theft, burglary, homicide, larceny, rape, robbery and theft. New York crime rates became the longest big city decline which had been documented. When a crime is reported, arrest and crimes are divided into two categories: index and non-index. Not every crime in the index is serious. A complication is that index crimes varied in the types of harm, motive, settings and the victim, but yet all crimes in New York dropped at the same
In The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffery Reiman and Paul Leighton, four multifaceted issues are focused on and examined. These issues are the Unites States high crime rates, efforts in explaining the high crime rates, where the high crime rates originally came from, and the success attained at a high price. The initial key issue that Reiman and Leighton discuss is America’s high rising crime rates with the understanding of the people that believe policy and regulations are the causes of the decrease in crime. The many graphs throughout the chapter represent information that undoubtedly illustrates that specific policy and regulation may cause rates to become stagnate or strike a plateau. While the rule makers make it appear as though their organization is functioning. Later guns and gun control policy are discussed. With the stern enforcement of the gun policy, at the time, crime appeared to decline, or become stagnate resulting in a plateau effect that is illustrated in the graphs. Countless arrests were made with large quantities of people being imprisoned. Du...
In his book, Turnaround (1998), William Bratton exclusively depicts the social discomposure in America’s major cities. He indicates his early life in Boston and his tenure at previous policing jobs that illustrates his vast desire and experience in dealing with crimes. He is a successful raconteur telling the autobiography significant police commissioner of the 20th century. His personal life is inspirational and depicts the self-improvement tradition of the Americans. He indicates Bill Bratton’s performance in an interesting but rather embroidered manner. The book is arranged roughly chronologically and intensifying to record chief changes in crime in American cities and the experiences of the so-called ‘participant-observers’ in the NYPD. Though it seemed foolhardy to fight and win a crime in every borough, Bill successfully committed himself towards delivering the promise that he had made to the people. William Bratton indicates that Bill was able to achieve various changes in New York City as far as security and crime are concerned.
Through the first chapter of this book the focus was primarily on the notion of controlling crime. The best way to describe crime policy used in this chapter is comparing it to a game of ‘heads I win, tails you lose’. This chapter also addresses the causes for decline in America’s
Travis, J., & Waul, M. (2002). Reflections on the crime decline: Lessons for the future. Proceedings from the Urban Institute Crime Decline Forum (pp. 1-38). Washington, D. C.: Urban Institute Justice Policy Center.
In chapter 4 of Freakonomics, “Where Have All the Criminals Gone?” Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner discuss and argue the possible reasons for the crime drop in the 1990’s, asking and focusing on the question “just where did all those criminals go” (108)? The authors open with a story about the abortion laws in Romania, transitioning into the many factors that could have affected the 1990’s crime drop in America. Some of these factors include the following; Strong economy, increase in police, gun-control laws, the aging of the population, and then their main argument, abortion. While reading this essay, I had difficulty with many things, first off, my emotions, followed by the overall organization.
Cohen, L. E. & Felson, M. (1979). “Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activities approach,” American Sociological Review 44:588-608.
The author begins his ethnography by giving us insight of the crime rate in the 1990s. He described this subject as the “age of drive-by shootings, drug deals gone bad, crack cocaine, and gangsta rap” ( ) that dominated the talk of the time. This type of ideology led our society to believe that we should put massive
The researchers highlight the impact of innovations implemented in the New York police strategies. It has been found that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) has contributed to the crime drop in the area over the last years. They examined the data on crime and stop, question and frisks policy implementation in order to prove the fact that the stop, question and frisks practices are “concentrated at crime hot spots” (Weisburd et al., 2014, p. 129). The researchers raise concerns regarding possible negative effects of the stop, question and frisks
In 2011, the city Camden, in New Jersey laid off just about half of its police force, leaving the crime laden city to the mercy of criminals. In North Carolina, pol...
By the turn of the twentieth century, criticism was developing over the ineffective and illegitimate character of local police departments. During this time period, the Progressive Era, many changes were taking place in America. Urbanization was bringing many people to large, increasingly industrial cities of the day. City officials were required to redesign many facets of urban life as cities continued to grow. This atmosphere of reform was also carried over into policing. Roberg et al. argues that the 1920s to 1960s were “probably the most significant period in the development of policing in the United States” (2012). During this time period, the foundations of professionalization were laid down. The reform model of policing dominated police work during this time period (Roberg et al. 2012). This model was characterized by a commitment to base the police-community relationship on law and police policy. It was now understood that police action should not be influenced by politics or personal opinions. To avoid this, police departments were now efficiently and centrally m...
There was a decline in crime during the 1990s. Our country enjoyed seven years of declining crime for the period 1991-98, the most recent data available. During this period crime declined by 22% and violent crime by 25%. These are welcome developments, particularly following the surge of crime and violence of the late 1980s. This decline occurred during a time when the national prison population has increased substantially, rising from 789,60 in 1991 to 1,252,830, a 59% rise in just seven years and a 47% increase in the rate of incarceration, taking into account changes in the national population (Mauer 21-24).
Parole (early release from prison) is often referred to as the back door to the US corrections system. The concept of parole dates back to the establishment of the Elmira Reformatory. The goal of the Elmira Reformatory was to rehabilitate and reform the criminal instead of following the traditional method of silence, obedience, and labor. Parole was originally set up to encourage prisoners to do well, keep their noses clean, and become model prisoners. Once a prisoner had shown rehabilitation and reform they were released prior to the execution of their full sentence.
Many communities have been the victim of many gangs moving into their once safe neighborhood, causing major downfalls and preventing the citizens from living their daily lives in peace. Guarino elaborates how Chicago still outpaces other big American cities in crime rates due to gang violence (Guarino1). There’s a lot of given reasons to why there is much gang violence in the city but the solutions are not as prominent. In the article, “Chicago Tactics Put Major Dent in Killing Trend” written by Monica Davey, she goes on to explain, “that more than 500 people were killed in Chicago in one year, many of them young men shot to death amid the hundreds of gangs that flourish in Chicago neighborhoods” (Davey). Davey continues on to say that in recent months, police officers have been working overtime and dispatched to 20 small zones that are considered the most dangerous in Chicago (Davey). Due to the high activity of police activity, Chicago homicides and gang violence have declined.
From 1980 to 2012, juveniles arrest rate for aggravated assault decreased by 22%. Though in 2005 there was a minor increase for aggravated assault by juveniles, but this increase is so small and irrelevant related to the overall decline that begun in the 1990s. In 1994, was the highest arrest rate for juveniles who committed aggravated assault which was 124.5 arrests per 100,000 people. In 2012, was the lowest arrest rate with 49.9 arrests per 100,000 people and lowest in 27 years dated back to 1980. Arrest rate for all ages that committed aggravated assault was higher. Focusing on the y-axis, the range is high for arrest rates for aggravated assault and is almost doubled in size during some years than juvenile’s arrests. Just as juvenile arrests
Index crimes in 1990 were taking our nation by storm. By far the most widely found index crime was aggravated assault. The UCR shows that for aggravated assault in the U.S. in 1990 there was over 751,407 cases of aggravated assault reported, but there were also more that the UCR didn’t pick (UCR, 23, 1990) up. On the other hand the NCVS in 1990 reported that there was nearly half more then that of the UCR, 901,039 were in fact accounted for according to the NCVS (NCVS, 1, 1990).