New Urbanism
New Urbanism, a burgeoning genre of architecture and city planning, is a movement that has come about only in the past decade. This movement is a response to the proliferation of conventional suburban development (CSD), the most popular form of suburban expansion that has taken place since World War II. Wrote Robert Steuteville, "Lacking a town center or pedestrian scale, CSD spreads out to consume large areas of countryside even as population grows relatively slowly. Automobile use per capita has soared, because a motor vehicle is required for nearly all human transportation"1. New Urbanism, therefore, represents the converse of this planning ideology. It stresses traditional planning, including multi-purpose zoning, accessible public space, narrow street grids for easy pedestrian usage and better placement of community buildings. Only a few hundred American communities are utilizing this method of planning, but the impact is quickly growing in an infant field dominated by a few influential architects and engineers.
Perhaps the most well known pioneers of New Urbanism are Andrés Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck of Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ), a wildly successful architectural firm boasting three offices across the eastern seaboard.2
Although the company was founded in 1980, it gained national recognition for its design of Seaside, Florida in 19892. Seaside, a beautiful coordination of simple Floridian cottage design along the white beaches of northwest Florida became a model for building pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods and integrating communities by enforcing a strict uniform building code, utilizing sensible and aesthetic planning methods (for instance, every street extends to the...
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...sterplan." http://www.dpz.com/projects
8 Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. "St. Louis." http://www.dpz.com/projects
9 Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. "Hillsborough." http://www.dpz.com/projects
· Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. "San Juan Bautista. (Architecture)" http://www.dpz.com/projects
10 Rohn, David. "Chesterton, Ind., Development Project Incorporates Environmental Concerns." Indianapolis Star. July 30, 2001.
11 Coffee Creek Center. "Ecology." http://www.coffeecreekcenter.com/pages/design/ecology.htm
· Coffee Creek Center. "Design Code Book." http://www.coffeecreekcenter.com/media/mediaattn/CCC-Codebook_web.pdf
12 Miller, Jason. "New Towns - Issaquah Highlands, Washington." The Town Paper. http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume 5/issaquah_highlands.htm
13 Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. "Oakhurst. (Suburban Retrofits)" http://www.dpz.com/projects
The Suburbanization of the United States. New York. Oxford University Press, 1985. Lemann, Nicholas. The.. The Promised Land.
From walkmans to CD players to iPods, technology has evolved over the succession of the years; humans have taken extensive steps towards a technological transformation that has revolutionized the manner in which several individuals communicate with one another. Likewise, various humans have opted for more modern methods to connect and contact their loved ones such as speaking on a cell phone, video chatting, e-mailing, instant messaging, and conversing through social media. With these contemporary methods of communication, global interaction has now been facilitated and easily accessible; conversing with individuals from across the world is as transparent and prompt as speaking with individuals within the same city. Nonetheless, these technological
The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it. So many people have died from this deadly disease and so many are dying from it already, so many more are at risk and they must be aware.
Malaria is a common infectious disease found mainly in the tropics but in rare circumstances can be found in temperate areas. Depending on the circumstances malaria can be either life threatening cause serious illness.
...greatest name.” His plots are each unique, in their development, climax, and resolutions. King Lear and Much Ado about Nothing are great examples of this. They have their similarities, but are very different.
After World War II, the United States of America became a much wealthier nation. As America gained wealth and the populations in urban cities and transportation technology increased, many Americans spread out, away from the urban cities, to fulfill the common dream of having a piece of land to call their own. The landscape constructed became known as the suburbs, exclusive residential areas within commuting distance of a city. The popularity and success of the suburban landscape caused suburbs to sprawl across the United States, from the east coast to the west coast and along the borders between Canada and Mexico. By the 1990s, many suburbs surrounding major urban cities developed into being more than merely exclusive residential areas. The new kind of area developed out of suburbia, the post-suburban environment, has the characteristics of the suburbs and the characteristics of the central city, or what postmodern political geographer and urban planner, Edward Soja calls, ‘the city turned inside out' (Foster 1). The post-suburban environment, is “a fundamentally decentralized spatial arrangement in which a variety of commercial, recreational, shopping, arts, residential, and religious activities are conducted in different places and are linked primarily by private automobile transportation” (Kling 1). The multifaceted aspects of the post-suburban environment make it an attractive and dynamic space with opportunities of employment. Topanga Canyon, near Los Angeles, California, is such an example of a suburb space that's developed into a dynamic post-suburban space. Since the post-suburban space of Topanga Canyon is dynamic and filled with employment opportunities, it's attractive to Mexican immigrants who wish to have a better l...
Location, location, location -- it’s the old realtor 's mantra for what the most important feature is when looking at a potential house. If the house is in a bad neighborhood, it may not be suitable for the buyers. In searching for a house, many people will look at how safe the surrounding area is. If it’s not safe, they will tend stray away. Jane Jacobs understood the importance of this and knew how cities could maintain this safety, but warned of what would become of them if they did not diverge from the current city styles. More modern planners, such as Joel Kotkin argue that Jacobs’s lesson is no longer applicable to modern cities because they have different functions than those of the past. This argument is valid in the sense that city
Malaria kills over 3000 children ever-single day 12. This statistic illustrates the tragic outcome that is associated with this devastating disease. In the United States, we fail to completely understand the gravity of Malaria because it is not relevant in our daily lives. The same cannot be said of other nations around the world that are still considered high-risk areas. Sub-Saharan Africa is widely known to bears the greatest mortality rate at the hands of this fatal infection 12. Despite constant efforts to fight malaria, several economic, social, and biological factors have hindered its eradication.
When that much food is discarded, it has an effect on the country’s economy and it ultimately affect all the people living in it. There is approximately a $48.3 billion loss each year that is caused by food waste. The problem is even more concerning when we add the fact that we throw as much food as the total production of entire regions in the world, for example, sub-Saharan Africa. While there is people suffering and dying of hunger every day, there is also people who does not take full advantage of the resources that are given to them.
The WHO reported that there was a seventeen percent of globally declining in malaria incidence between the year of 2000 and 2010, which was significantly lower than the proposed target of fifty percent rate (WHO, 2012). This statistical data reveals that many hurdles remain to overcome. However, an encouraging reduction of 33% in the malaria-specific mortality rate has observed in the African region. The RBM (Roll Back Malaria) initiative foresees the need for continuation of malaria control efforts until global malaria eradication can be obtainable in the long-term. However reaching the RBM goal will necessitate an increase in funding resources, a marked economic progress in countries with extreme poverty, and the maintenance or increase of the long-lasting insecticide-treated net coverage. (WHO,
Malaria, a serious sometimes fatal disease is caused by a parasite that infects a type of mosquito into the blood that feeds on humans. Malaria being one of the most severe public health problems worldwide, it is known to be one of the main causes of diseases and deaths in many developing countries. Malaria is a public health problem in more than 90 countries, inhibited by a total of 2,400 million plus people in some countries- estimating about 40% of the world’s population. In the malaria epidemic parts of the world, change in the risk of malaria can be the unintended results of economic activity or agricultural policy that changes the use of land; for example, the building of damn’s, irrigations schemes and even deforestation ("Malaria -
Modernity within a city is usually apparent through the ideas and methods used for architecture. Rio de Janeiro, Dakar, and Havana are cities that have gone through unique paths on achieving modernity especially through architecture. These cities pride themselves with creating and adapting ideas not only from their own land but also from other countries like Europe or Africa. Each city have their own unique characteristics. Rio is one of, if not, the more popular cities in Brazil and was the home to the most recent Summer Olympics. Dakar is the capital of Senegal and it is also the largest city in the country. Havana, which is located in Cuba, is also a capital city of a country that has gone through their fair share of turmoil during the times of Fidel Castro’s reign as leader of Cuba. All three of these cities pushed forward modern architecture that set trends for the rest of their respected country to follow, whether it was a government imposed direction or a display of artistic freedom.
Malaria is still a principal cause of illness and mortality, with an assessed 19,000 deaths in 2006 (WHO, 2009). In 2007, 38.5% of children below the age of five were positive for malaria parasites in a country widestudy (MISAU-PNCM, 2009).
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is spread by the bite of a mosquito. According to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (2014) “In 2013, 97 countries had ongoing malaria transmission, placing 3.4 billion people at risk for the disease. And in a globally connected world, even people living in the United States can be at risk. In 2011, nearly 2,000 people in this country were diagnosed with malaria—the highest number since 1971” (para. 2). Malaria is a disease that affects humans as well as animals. The mosquito transferring a parasite through a bite to the host; human or animal spreads this disease. M...
Urbanisation Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people who live in cities. The. There is a great increase in the rate of urbanisation all around the world. During the nineteenth century, urbanisation took place in the UK. However, in developed countries like the UK.